61 research outputs found
New Secure IoT Architectures, Communication Protocols and User Interaction Technologies for Home Automation, Industrial and Smart Environments
Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Tecnoloxías da Información e das Comunicacións en Redes Móbiles. 5029V01Tese por compendio de publicacións[Abstract]
The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a communication network where heterogeneous
physical devices such as vehicles, homes, urban infrastructures or industrial machinery
are interconnected and share data. For these communications to be successful, it is
necessary to integrate and embed electronic devices that allow for obtaining environmental
information (sensors), for performing physical actuations (actuators) as well as
for sending and receiving data (network interfaces).
This integration of embedded systems poses several challenges. It is needed for these
devices to present very low power consumption. In many cases IoT nodes are powered by
batteries or constrained power supplies. Moreover, the great amount of devices needed in
an IoT network makes power e ciency one of the major concerns of these deployments,
due to the cost and environmental impact of the energy consumption. This need for low
energy consumption is demanded by resource constrained devices, con
icting with the
second major concern of IoT: security and data privacy. There are critical urban and
industrial systems, such as tra c management, water supply, maritime control, railway
control or high risk industrial manufacturing systems such as oil re neries that will
obtain great bene ts from IoT deployments, for which non-authorized access can posse
severe risks for public safety. On the other hand, both these public systems and the
ones deployed on private environments (homes, working places, malls) present a risk for
the privacy and security of their users. These IoT deployments need advanced security
mechanisms, both to prevent access to the devices and to protect the data exchanged
by them.
As a consequence, it is needed to improve two main aspects: energy e ciency of IoT
devices and the use of lightweight security mechanisms that can be implemented by
these resource constrained devices but at the same time guarantee a fair degree of
security.
The huge amount of data transmitted by this type of networks also presents another
challenge. There are big data systems capable of processing large amounts of data,
but with IoT the granularity and dispersion of the generated information presents a
new scenario very di erent from the one existing nowadays. Forecasts anticipate that there will be a growth from the 15 billion installed devices in 2015 to more than 75
billion devices in 2025. Moreover, there will be much more services exploiting the data
produced by these networks, meaning the resulting tra c will be even higher. The
information must not only be processed in real time, but data mining processes will
have to be performed to historical data.
The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to analyze each one of the previously described
challenges and to provide solutions that allow for an adequate adoption of IoT in
Industrial, domestic and, in general, any scenario that can obtain any bene t from the
interconnection and
exibility that IoT brings.[Resumen]
La internet de las cosas (IoT o Internet of Things) representa una red de intercomunicaciones
en la que participan dispositivos físicos de toda índole, como vehículos,
viviendas, electrodomésticos, infraestructuras urbanas o maquinaria y dispositivos industriales.
Para que esta comunicación se pueda llevar a cabo es necesario integrar
elementos electr onicos que permitan obtener informaci on del entorno (sensores), realizar
acciones f sicas (actuadores) y enviar y recibir la informaci on necesaria (interfaces de
comunicaciones de red).
La integración y uso de estos sistemas electrónicos embebidos supone varios retos. Es
necesario que dichos dispositivos presenten un consumo reducido. En muchos casos
deberían ser alimentados por baterías o fuentes de alimentación limitadas. Además,
la gran cantidad de dispositivos que involucra la IoT hace necesario que la e ciencia
energética de los mismos sea una de las principales preocupaciones, por el coste e
implicaciones medioambientales que supone el consumo de electricidad de los mismos.
Esta necesidad de limitar el consumo provoca que dichos dispositivos tengan unas
prestaciones muy limitadas, lo que entra en conflicto con la segunda mayor preocupación
de la IoT: la seguridad y privacidad de los datos. Por un lado existen sistemas críticos
urbanos e industriales, como puede ser la regulación del tráfi co, el control del suministro
de agua, el control marítimo, el control ferroviario o los sistemas de producción industrial
de alto riesgo, como refi nerías, que son claros candidatos a benefi ciarse de la IoT, pero
cuyo acceso no autorizado supone graves problemas de seguridad ciudadana. Por otro
lado, tanto estos sistemas de naturaleza publica, como los que se desplieguen en entornos
privados (viviendas, entornos de trabajo o centros comerciales, entre otros) suponen
un riesgo para la privacidad y también para la seguridad de los usuarios. Todo esto
hace que sean necesarios mecanismos de seguridad avanzados, tanto de acceso a los
dispositivos como de protección de los datos que estos intercambian.
En consecuencia, es necesario avanzar en dos aspectos principales: la e ciencia energética de los dispositivos y el uso de mecanismos de seguridad e ficientes, tanto
computacional como energéticamente, que permitan la implantación de la IoT sin
comprometer la seguridad y la privacidad de los usuarios. Por otro lado, la ingente cantidad de información que estos sistemas puede llegar
a producir presenta otros dos retos que deben ser afrontados. En primer lugar, el
tratamiento y análisis de datos toma una nueva dimensión. Existen sistemas de big
data capaces de procesar cantidades enormes de información, pero con la internet de
las cosas la granularidad y dispersión de los datos plantean un escenario muy distinto
al actual. La previsión es pasar de 15.000.000.000 de dispositivos instalados en 2015
a más de 75.000.000.000 en 2025. Además existirán multitud de servicios que harán
un uso intensivo de estos dispositivos y de los datos que estos intercambian, por lo
que el volumen de tráfico será todavía mayor. Asimismo, la información debe ser
procesada tanto en tiempo real como a posteriori sobre históricos, lo que permite
obtener información estadística muy relevante en diferentes entornos.
El principal objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es analizar cada uno de estos retos
(e ciencia energética, seguridad, procesamiento de datos e interacción con el usuario)
y plantear soluciones que permitan una correcta adopción de la internet de las cosas
en ámbitos industriales, domésticos y en general en cualquier escenario que se pueda
bene ciar de la interconexión y
flexibilidad de acceso que proporciona el IoT.[Resumo]
O internet das cousas (IoT ou Internet of Things) representa unha rede de intercomunicaci
óns na que participan dispositivos físicos moi diversos, coma vehículos, vivendas,
electrodomésticos, infraestruturas urbanas ou maquinaria e dispositivos industriais.
Para que estas comunicacións se poidan levar a cabo é necesario integrar elementos
electrónicos que permitan obter información da contorna (sensores), realizar accións
físicas (actuadores) e enviar e recibir a información necesaria (interfaces de comunicacións
de rede).
A integración e uso destes sistemas electrónicos integrados supón varios retos. En
primeiro lugar, é necesario que estes dispositivos teñan un consumo reducido. En
moitos casos deberían ser alimentados por baterías ou fontes de alimentación limitadas.
Ademais, a gran cantidade de dispositivos que se empregan na IoT fai necesario que a
e ciencia enerxética dos mesmos sexa unha das principais preocupacións, polo custo e
implicacións medioambientais que supón o consumo de electricidade dos mesmos. Esta
necesidade de limitar o consumo provoca que estes dispositivos teñan unhas prestacións
moi limitadas, o que entra en con
ito coa segunda maior preocupación da IoT: a
seguridade e privacidade dos datos. Por un lado existen sistemas críticos urbanos e
industriais, como pode ser a regulación do tráfi co, o control de augas, o control marítimo,
o control ferroviario ou os sistemas de produción industrial de alto risco, como refinerías,
que son claros candidatos a obter benefi cios da IoT, pero cuxo acceso non autorizado
supón graves problemas de seguridade cidadá. Por outra parte tanto estes sistemas de
natureza pública como os que se despreguen en contornas privadas (vivendas, contornas
de traballo ou centros comerciais entre outros) supoñen un risco para a privacidade e
tamén para a seguridade dos usuarios. Todo isto fai que sexan necesarios mecanismos
de seguridade avanzados, tanto de acceso aos dispositivos como de protección dos datos
que estes intercambian.
En consecuencia, é necesario avanzar en dous aspectos principais: a e ciencia enerxética
dos dispositivos e o uso de mecanismos de seguridade re cientes, tanto computacional
como enerxéticamente, que permitan o despregue da IoT sen comprometer a seguridade
e a privacidade dos usuarios.
Por outro lado, a inxente cantidade de información que estes sistemas poden chegar
a xerar presenta outros retos que deben ser tratados. O tratamento e a análise de
datos toma unha nova dimensión. Existen sistemas de big data capaces de procesar
cantidades enormes de información, pero coa internet das cousas a granularidade e
dispersión dos datos supón un escenario moi distinto ao actual. A previsión e pasar
de 15.000.000.000 de dispositivos instalados no ano 2015 a m ais de 75.000.000.000 de
dispositivos no ano 2025. Ademais existirían multitude de servizos que farían un uso
intensivo destes dispositivos e dos datos que intercambian, polo que o volume de tráfico
sería aínda maior. Do mesmo xeito a información debe ser procesada tanto en tempo
real como posteriormente sobre históricos, o que permite obter información estatística
moi relevante en diferentes contornas.
O principal obxectivo da presente tese doutoral é analizar cada un destes retos
(e ciencia enerxética, seguridade, procesamento de datos e interacción co usuario) e
propor solucións que permitan unha correcta adopción da internet das cousas en ámbitos
industriais, domésticos e en xeral en todo aquel escenario que se poda bene ciar da
interconexión e
flexibilidade de acceso que proporciona a IoT
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems on Chip 2010 - ReCoSoC\u2710 - May 17-19, 2010 Karlsruhe, Germany. (KIT Scientific Reports ; 7551)
ReCoSoC is intended to be a periodic annual meeting to expose and discuss gathered expertise as well as state of the art research around SoC related topics through plenary invited papers and posters. The workshop aims to provide a prospective view of tomorrow\u27s challenges in the multibillion transistor era, taking into account the emerging techniques and architectures exploring the synergy between flexible on-chip communication and system reconfigurability
Mersenne Factorization Factory
We present work in progress to completely factor seventeen Mersenne numbers using a variant of the special number field sieve where sieving on the algebraic side is shared among the numbers. It is expected that it reduces the overall factoring effort by more than 50%. As far as we know this is the first practical application of Coppersmith’s “factorization factory” idea. Most factorizations used a new double-product approach that led to additional savings in the matrix step
The Pilot Land Data System: Report of the Program Planning Workshops
An advisory report to be used by NASA in developing a program plan for a Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) was developed. The purpose of the PLDS is to improve the ability of NASA and NASA sponsored researchers to conduct land-related research. The goal of the planning workshops was to provide and coordinate planning and concept development between the land related science and computer science disciplines, to discuss the architecture of the PLDs, requirements for information science technology, and system evaluation. The findings and recommendations of the Working Group are presented. The pilot program establishes a limited scale distributed information system to explore scientific, technical, and management approaches to satisfying the needs of the land science community. The PLDS paves the way for a land data system to improve data access, processing, transfer, and analysis, which land sciences information synthesis occurs on a scale not previously permitted because of limits to data assembly and access
Advances in Grid Computing
This book approaches the grid computing with a perspective on the latest achievements in the field, providing an insight into the current research trends and advances, and presenting a large range of innovative research papers. The topics covered in this book include resource and data management, grid architectures and development, and grid-enabled applications. New ideas employing heuristic methods from swarm intelligence or genetic algorithm and quantum encryption are considered in order to explain two main aspects of grid computing: resource management and data management. The book addresses also some aspects of grid computing that regard architecture and development, and includes a diverse range of applications for grid computing, including possible human grid computing system, simulation of the fusion reaction, ubiquitous healthcare service provisioning and complex water systems
Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)
Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression
Guiding the development of wood-based materials towards more sustainable products
In order to stay in business in the long term, companies need to develop more sustainable products. This creates a demand for ways to influence product sustainability at the early stages in product development. This has been studied through literature surveys and action research carried out within a materials development project, with the aim of developing wood-based materials to replace petroleum-based materials while ensuring a more sustainable final product.
An analysis of available sustainability impact assessment tools relevant for the material development project showed a lack of ready-made assessment parameters for comparing different types of limited resources, like petroleum, land area and water, and that approaches to establishing relevant sets of assessment parameters that provide for the specific circumstances of a project are missing.
A team-learning process for establishing a case-specific set of product sustainability assessment parameters was developed. The set of parameters is intended to guide through the product development process as well as be a basis for a sustainability comparison of a new product with a current product. The process emphasises that in order to develop more sustainable products, the team working with material or product development must be aware of which surrounding world and future-oriented factors that may have significant impacts on the specific product’s sustainability performance. The process suggests that a relevant set of parameters needs to be developed and then translated and integrated into each team member’s everyday work.
Various activities were performed within the project to provide input to the development of the process as well as to provide input to the assessment itself. Experiences from such activities emphasise the challenges involved in interacting with the development team, e.g., in terms of motivating the team and providing meaningful information to the team
Proceedings of the Third International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1993)
Satellite-based mobile communications systems provide voice and data communications to users over a vast geographic area. The users may communicate via mobile or hand-held terminals, which may also provide access to terrestrial cellular communications services. While the first and second International Mobile Satellite Conferences (IMSC) mostly concentrated on technical advances, this Third IMSC also focuses on the increasing worldwide commercial activities in Mobile Satellite Services. Because of the large service areas provided by such systems, it is important to consider political and regulatory issues in addition to technical and user requirements issues. Topics covered include: the direct broadcast of audio programming from satellites; spacecraft technology; regulatory and policy considerations; advanced system concepts and analysis; propagation; and user requirements and applications
Design and resource management of reconfigurable multiprocessors for data-parallel applications
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array)-based custom reconfigurable computing machines have established themselves as low-cost and low-risk alternatives to ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) implementations and general-purpose microprocessors in accelerating a wide range of computation-intensive applications. Most often they are Application Specific Programmable Circuiits (ASPCs), which are developer programmable instead of user programmable. The major disadvantages of ASPCs are minimal programmability, and significant time and energy overheads caused by required hardware reconfiguration when the problem size outnumbers the available reconfigurable resources; these problems are expected to become more serious with increases in the FPGA chip size. On the other hand, dominant high-performance computing systems, such as PC clusters and SMPs (Symmetric Multiprocessors), suffer from high communication latencies and/or scalability problems.
This research introduces low-cost, user-programmable and reconfigurable MultiProcessor-on-a-Programmable-Chip (MPoPC) systems for high-performance, low-cost computing. It also proposes a relevant resource management framework that deals with performance, power consumption and energy issues. These semi-customized systems reduce significantly runtime device reconfiguration by employing userprogrammable processing elements that are reusable for different tasks in large, complex applications. For the sake of illustration, two different types of MPoPCs with hardware FPUs (floating-point units) are designed and implemented for credible performance evaluation and modeling: the coarse-grain MIMD (Multiple-Instruction, Multiple-Data) CG-MPoPC machine based on a processor IP (Intellectual Property) core and the mixed-mode (MIMD, SIMD or M-SIMD) variant-grain HERA (HEterogeneous Reconfigurable Architecture) machine. In addition to alleviating the above difficulties, MPoPCs can offer several performance and energy advantages to our data-parallel applications when compared to ASPCs; they are simpler and more scalable, and have less verification time and cost. Various common computation-intensive benchmark algorithms, such as matrix-matrix multiplication (MMM) and LU factorization, are studied and their parallel solutions are shown for the two MPoPCs. The performance is evaluated with large sparse real-world matrices primarily from power engineering. We expect even further performance gains on MPoPCs in the near future by employing ever improving FPGAs. The innovative nature of this work has the potential to guide research in this arising field of high-performance, low-cost reconfigurable computing.
The largest advantage of reconfigurable logic lies in its large degree of hardware customization and reconfiguration which allows reusing the resources to match the computation and communication needs of applications. Therefore, a major effort in the presented design methodology for mixed-mode MPoPCs, like HERA, is devoted to effective resource management. A two-phase approach is applied. A mixed-mode weighted Task Flow Graph (w-TFG) is first constructed for any given application, where tasks are classified according to their most appropriate computing mode (e.g., SIMD or MIMD). At compile time, an architecture is customized and synthesized for the TFG using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and a parameterized hardware component library. Various run-time scheduling schemes with different performanceenergy objectives are proposed. A system-level energy model for HERA, which is based on low-level implementation data and run-time statistics, is proposed to guide performance-energy trade-off decisions. A parallel power flow analysis technique based on Newton\u27s method is proposed and employed to verify the methodology
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