MANAGEMENT STYLES IN A GLOBAL MARKET ECONOMY

Globalization is the intensification of the spatial organization ofsocial relations and transactions, which put distant localities and local activities at a level of worldwide range, consequence and significance. These activities cluster into new reality like a globally operating market system and a globally developing technoscience. The question is to what extent a global civil society will come about too. At the level of internationally operating firms management styles will have to be developed to enhance the understanding of cultural heterogeneity within this global civil society. Cultural complexity will increase due to the intensification of interactions and transactions. Within and between internationally operating firms. Communicative rationality in terms of dialogue and conversations should be reinforced to deal adequately with this complexity. Communicative rationality perceives language not only as a mere representation of an objective reality but also as a human practice in a social context. Firms operating as communities of practice will enhance through proper management styles the reciprocal understanding we need in a world economy

Challenges of lease transactions accounting according to national and international financial reporting standards

Присвячено ідентифікації та аналізу проблемних аспектів обліку орендних операцій згідно з національними та міжнародними обліковими стандартами. Обґрунтовано необхідність розгляду питань обліку орендних операцій та особливостей відображення їх наслідків в обліковій системі й фінансовій звітності підприємств. Визначено та обґрунтовано облікові аспекти здійснення орендних операцій в системі економічних відносин. Розглянуто особливості розуміння економічної та юридичної природи орендних відносин. Зокрема встановлено, що орендні операції з позиції власника об’єкта оренди слід розглядати як одну із форм економічних відносин, що є процесом тимчасового передавання права користування й розпорядження об’єктом власності (землею, майновими комплексами, основними засобами, нематеріальними активами та іншим майном) на еквівалентний його вартості розмір орендної плати. З іншого боку, виходячи із юридичної природи договору оренди, об’єкт, що орендується, слід розглядати в розрізі пучка прав власності (володіння, розпоряджання, користування) частина з яких (користування та часткове розпоряджання майном) переходить від орендодавця до орендаря. Проаналізовано основні види оренди, що виділяються в П(С)БО 14 «Оренда» та МСФЗ 16 «Оренда», а саме операційної та фінансової. Розглянуто можливі напрями удосконалення класифікації оренди в бухгалтерському обліку. Обґрунтовано відмінності в обліку орендних операцій за П(С)БО 14 «Оренда» та МСФЗ 16 «Оренда». Виділено й обґрунтовано основні напрями критики базових теоретичних положень обліку орендних операцій, наведених у національному та міжнародному облікових стандартах (капіталізація наслідків орендних операцій; система рахунків для обліку орендних операцій; стратегічна необґрунтованість застосування принципу превалювання сутності над формою). Надано рекомендації щодо побудови ефективної системи обліку орендних операцій на підприємстві на основі положень діючих національних та міжнародних стандартів обліку. Запропоновано удосконалення чинної системи обліку орендних операцій в контексті впровадження нового міжнародного стандарту фінансової звітності 16 «Оренда» з 2019 року.The article is devoted to the identification and analysis o f challenges of lease transactions accounting according to national and international accounting standards. The necessity of considering the issues of lease transactions accounting and features of their consequences reflection in the accounting system and enterprises financial reporting are substantiated. The accounting aspects of lease transactions execution in the economic relations system are identified and substantiated. Features of understanding the economic and legal nature of lease relations are considered. It is determined that lease transactions from the owner position should be considered as one of the forms economic relations being the process of temporarily transfer of rights for the property use and disposition power (land, property complexes, property assets, intangible assets and other property) for the equivalent one relatively to its lease rate. On the other hand, taking into account the legal nature of the lease agreement, the lease object should be considered in the context of property rights (ownership, disposition power, use), some of which (use and partial disposition power) is transferred from the owner to the tenant. The main types of lease identified in Accounting Standard 14 «Lease» and IFRS 16 «Lease» such as: operating and financial are analyzed. Possible directions of lease classification improvement in accounting are considered. The differences in the accounting for lease transactions under Accounting Standard 14 «Lease» and IFRS 16 «Lease» are substantiated. The basic directions of criticism of the basic theoretical provisions of accounting of lease transactions, given in national and international accounting standards (capitalization of lease transactions consequence; accounts system for lease transactions accounting; strategic un reasonableness of the principle of prevailing essence over form) are identified and substantiated. Recommendations concerning the construction of effective accounting system for lease transactions at the enterprise based on the statements of current national and international accounting standards are given. Improvement of the current lease accounting system in the context of the new International Financial Reporting Standard 16 «Lease» implementation from 2019 is propose

Prospects of a mathematical theory of human behavior in complex man-machine systems tasks

A hierarchy of human activities is derived by analyzing automobile driving in general terms. A structural description leads to a block diagram and a time-sharing computer analogy. The range of applicability of existing mathematical models is considered with respect to the hierarchy of human activities in actual complex tasks. Other mathematical tools so far not often applied to man machine systems are also discussed. The mathematical descriptions at least briefly considered here include utility, estimation, control, queueing, and fuzzy set theory as well as artificial intelligence techniques. Some thoughts are given as to how these methods might be integrated and how further work might be pursued

An Empirical Study of Operational Performance Parity Following Enterprise System Deployment

This paper presents an empirical investigation into whether the implementation of packaged Enterprise Systems (ES) leads to parity in operational performance. Performance change and parity in operational performance are investigated in three geographically defined operating regions of a single firm. Order lead time, the elapsed time between receipt of an order and shipment to a customer, is used as a measure of operational performance. A single ES installation was deployed across all regions of the subject firm\u27s operations.Findings illustrate parity as an immediate consequence of ES deployment. However, differences in rates of performance improvement following deployment eventually result in significant (albeit smaller than pre-deployment) performance differences. An additional consequence of deployment seems to be an increased synchronization of performance across the formerly independent regions

The transformation of traditional banking activity in digital

Purpose: This article investigates specifics of the transformation of banking activity in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. In the light of penetration of digital technologies into all the spheres of our life, the rapid development of financial technologies and their active implementation in the banking sector of the economy, digital financial innovations are formed at the intersection of the concepts of "financial technologies" and "financial innovations". Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to investigate the process of transformation of the banking sector in the context of digitalization, it is necessary to consider this issue from three points of view: 1) theoretical understanding of the concept of "financial technologies"; 2) the need to ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the banking sector; 3) the change in the IT- architecture of banking activities and the formation of the digital ecosystem with banks in the center. It is also reasonable to analyze promising areas of implementation of financial technologies into the banking sector. Findings: The main directions of the development of financial technologies in the banking sector, aimed at further transformation of traditional banking services through digital technologies. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be applied in the development of the legislative regulation of the FinTech industry in Russia. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is to determine the prospects for the development of the domestic banking sector in the context of digitalization, the need to transform in order not only to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of functioning, but also to stay in the banking business.peer-reviewe

Understanding the thermal implications of multicore architectures

Multicore architectures are becoming the main design paradigm for current and future processors. The main reason is that multicore designs provide an effective way of overcoming instruction-level parallelism (ILP) limitations by exploiting thread-level parallelism (TLP). In addition, it is a power and complexity-effective way of taking advantage of the huge number of transistors that can be integrated on a chip. On the other hand, today's higher than ever power densities have made temperature one of the main limitations of microprocessor evolution. Thermal management in multicore architectures is a fairly new area. Some works have addressed dynamic thermal management in bi/quad-core architectures. This work provides insight and explores different alternatives for thermal management in multicore architectures with 16 cores. Schemes employing both energy reduction and activity migration are explored and improvements for thread migration schemes are proposed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Sustainable Development Report: Blockchain, the Web3 & the SDGs

This is an output paper of the applied research that was conducted between July 2018 - October 2019 funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and conducted by the Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business and RCE Vienna (Regional Centre of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development).Series: Working Paper Series / Institute for Cryptoeconomics / Interdisciplinary Researc

On the interpretation and identification of dynamic Takagi-Sugenofuzzy models

Dynamic Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models are not always easy to interpret, in particular when they are identified from experimental data. It is shown that there exists a close relationship between dynamic Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models and dynamic linearization when using affine local model structures, which suggests that a solution to the multiobjective identification problem exists. However, it is also shown that the affine local model structure is a highly sensitive parametrization when applied in transient operating regimes. Due to the multiobjective nature of the identification problem studied here, special considerations must be made during model structure selection, experiment design, and identification in order to meet both objectives. Some guidelines for experiment design are suggested and some robust nonlinear identification algorithms are studied. These include constrained and regularized identification and locally weighted identification. Their usefulness in the present context is illustrated by examples

Electronic Payment Systems Development in a Developing Country: The Role of Institutional Arrangements

This paper examines the institutional arrangements in the development of Nigeria’s electronic payment system (EPS) using a new institutional economics (NIE) perspective. A case study of Nigeria’s EPS was carried out using semi structured interviews to collect data from 18 participating stakeholders; a thematic method was used for the data analysis. The study suggests that a well-functioning set of arrangements, which is lacking in the institutional setup in Nigeria may be required to build necessary institutional capacity suitable for development of safe and efficient electronic payment systems. Although the technological payment infrastructure in Nigeria is modern and of comparable standard, the failure to put in place reliable and relevant market and collaborative agreements has not enabled full exploitation of the available infrastructure. Current governance structures show elements of power struggle and distrust between stakeholders (players and regulators), hampering the creation of an environment that would sustain free market economic activities and effective development of payment systems

Towards improved bioaerosol model validation and verification

Bioaerosols, comprised of bacteria, fungi and viruses are ubiquitous in ambient air. Known to adversely affect human health, the impact of bioaerosols on a population often manifests as outbreaks of illnesses such as Legionnaires Disease and Q fever, although the concentrations and environmental conditions in which these impacts occur are not well understood. Bioaerosol concentrations vary from source to source, but specific industrialised human activities such as water treatment, intensive agriculture and open windrow composting facilitate the generation of bioaerosol concentrations many times higher than natural background levels. Bioaerosol sampling is currently undertaken according to the requirements of the Environment Agency’s regulatory framework, in which the collection of bioaerosols and not its long-term measurement is of most importance. As a consequence, sampling devices are often moved around site according to changing wind direction and sampling intervals are invariably short-term. The dispersion modelling of bioaerosols from composting facilities typically relies on proxy pollutant parameters. In addition, the use of short term emission data gathering strategies in which monitors are moved frequently with wind direction, do not provide a robust reliable and repeatable dataset by which to validate any modelling or to verify its performance. New sampling methods such as the Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS) provide an opportunity to address several gaps in bioaerosol model validation and verification. In the context of model validation, this paper sets out the current weaknesses in bioaerosol monitoring from the perspective of robust modelling requirements