Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of-the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: quality-of-service and video communication, routing protocol and cross-layer design. A few interesting problems about security and delay-tolerant networks are also discussed. This book is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

Integrated Architecture for Configuration and Service Management in MANET Environments

Esta tesis nos ha permitido trasladar algunos conceptos teóricos de la computación ubicua a escenarios reales, identificando las necesidades específicas de diferentes tipos de aplicaciones. Con el fin de alcanzar este objetivo, proponemos dos prototipos que proporcionan servicios sensibles al contexto en diferentes entornos, tales como conferencias o salas de recuperación en hospitales. Estos prototipos experimentales explotan la tecnología Bluetooth para ofrecer información basada en las preferencias del usuario. En ambos casos, hemos llevado a cabo algunos experimentos con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento de los sistemas y su rendimento. También abordamos en esta tesis el problema de la autoconfiguración de redes MANET basadas en el estándar 802.11 a través de dos soluciones novedosas. La primera es una solución centralizada que se basa en la tecnología Bluetooth, mientras la segunda es una solución distribuida que no necesita recurrir a ninguna tecnología adicional, ya que se basa en el uso del parámetro SSID. Ambos métodos se han diseñado para permitir que usuarios no expertos puedan unirse a una red MANET de forma transparente, proporcionando una configuración automática, rápida, y fiable de los terminales. Los resultados experimentales en implementaciones reales nos han permitido evaluar el rendimiento de las soluciones propuestas y demostrar que las estaciones cercanas se pueden configurar en pocos segundos. Además, hemos comparado ambas soluciones entre sí para poner de manifiesto las diferentes ventajas y desventajas en cuanto a rendimento. La principal contribución de esta tesis es EasyMANET, una plataforma ampliable y configurable cuyo objetivo es automatizar lo máximo posible las tareas que afectan a la configuración y puesta en marcha de redes MANET, de modo que su uso sea más simple y accesible.Cano Reyes, J. (2012). Integrated Architecture for Configuration and Service Management in MANET Environments [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14675Palanci

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing

This book addresses the increasing demand to guarantee privacy, integrity, and availability of resources in networks and distributed systems. It first reviews security issues and challenges in content distribution networks, describes key agreement protocols based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and key management protocols for complex distributed systems like the Internet, and discusses securing design patterns for distributed systems. The next section focuses on security in mobile computing and wireless networks. After a section on grid computing security, the book presents an overview of security solutions for pervasive healthcare systems and surveys wireless sensor network security

A framework for traffic flow survivability in wireless networks prone to multiple failures and attacks

Transmitting packets over a wireless network has always been challenging due to failures that have always occurred as a result of many types of wireless connectivity issues. These failures have caused significant outages, and the delayed discovery and diagnostic testing of these failures have exacerbated their impact on servicing, economic damage, and social elements such as technological trust. There has been research on wireless network failures, but little on multiple failures such as node-node, node-link, and link–link failures. The problem of capacity efficiency and fast recovery from multiple failures has also not received attention. This research develops a capacity efficient evolutionary swarm survivability framework, which encompasses enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA) and ant colony system (ACS) survivability models to swiftly resolve node-node, node-link, and link-link failures for improved service quality. The capacity efficient models were tested on such failures at different locations on both small and large wireless networks. The proposed models were able to generate optimal alternative paths, the bandwidth required for fast rerouting, minimized transmission delay, and ensured the rerouting path fitness and good transmission time for rerouting voice, video and multimedia messages. Increasing multiple link failures reveal that as failure increases, the bandwidth used for rerouting and transmission time also increases. This implies that, failure increases bandwidth usage which leads to transmission delay, which in turn slows down message rerouting. The suggested framework performs better than the popular Dijkstra algorithm, proactive, adaptive and reactive models, in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), speed of transmission, transmission delay and running time. According to the simulation results, the capacity efficient ACS has a PDR of 0.89, the Dijkstra model has a PDR of 0.86, the reactive model has a PDR of 0.83, the proactive model has a PDR of 0.83, and the adaptive model has a PDR of 0.81. Another performance evaluation was performed to compare the proposed model's running time to that of other evaluated routing models. The capacity efficient ACS model has a running time of 169.89ms on average, while the adaptive model has a running time of 1837ms and Dijkstra has a running time of 280.62ms. With these results, capacity efficient ACS outperforms other evaluated routing algorithms in terms of PDR and running time. According to the mean throughput determined to evaluate the performance of the following routing algorithms: capacity efficient EGA has a mean throughput of 621.6, Dijkstra has a mean throughput of 619.3, proactive (DSDV) has a mean throughput of 555.9, and reactive (AODV) has a mean throughput of 501.0. Since Dijkstra is more similar to proposed models in terms of performance, capacity efficient EGA was compared to Dijkstra as follows: Dijkstra has a running time of 3.8908ms and EGA has a running time of 3.6968ms. In terms of running time and mean throughput, the capacity efficient EGA also outperforms the other evaluated routing algorithms. The generated alternative paths from these investigations demonstrate that the proposed framework works well in preventing the problem of data loss in transit and ameliorating congestion issue resulting from multiple failures and server overload which manifests when the process hangs. The optimal solution paths will in turn improve business activities through quality data communications for wireless service providers.School of ComputingPh. D. (Computer Science

車両・無人航空機を活用した災害時情報共有のためのDTNプロトコル

電気通信大学202

Trustworthiness Mechanisms for Long-Distance Networks in Internet of Things

Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu aconseguir un intercanvi de dades fiable en un entorn hostil millorant-ne la confiabilitat mitjançant el disseny d'un model complet que tingui en compte les diferents capes de confiabilitat i mitjançant la implementació de les contramesures associades al model. La tesi se centra en el cas d'ús del projecte SHETLAND-NET, amb l'objectiu de desplegar una arquitectura d'Internet de les coses (IoT) híbrida amb comunicacions LoRa i d'ona ionosfèrica d'incidència gairebé vertical (NVIS) per oferir un servei de telemetria per al monitoratge del “permafrost” a l'Antàrtida. Per complir els objectius de la tesi, en primer lloc, es fa una revisió de l'estat de l'art en confiabilitat per proposar una definició i l'abast del terme de confiança. Partint d'aquí, es dissenya un model de confiabilitat de quatre capes, on cada capa es caracteritza pel seu abast, mètrica per a la quantificació de la confiabilitat, contramesures per a la millora de la confiabilitat i les interdependències amb les altres capes. Aquest model permet el mesurament i l'avaluació de la confiabilitat del cas d'ús a l'Antàrtida. Donades les condicions hostils i les limitacions de la tecnologia utilitzada en aquest cas d’ús, es valida el model i s’avalua el servei de telemetria a través de simulacions en Riverbed Modeler. Per obtenir valors anticipats de la confiabilitat esperada, l'arquitectura proposada es modela per avaluar els resultats amb diferents configuracions previ al seu desplegament en proves de camp. L'arquitectura proposada passa per tres principals iteracions de millora de la confiabilitat. A la primera iteració, s'explora l'ús de mecanismes de consens i gestió de la confiança social per aprofitar la redundància de sensors. En la segona iteració, s’avalua l’ús de protocols de transport moderns per al cas d’ús antàrtic. L’última iteració d’aquesta tesi avalua l’ús d’una arquitectura de xarxa tolerant al retard (DTN) utilitzant el Bundle Protocol (BP) per millorar la confiabilitat del sistema. Finalment, es presenta una prova de concepte (PoC) amb maquinari real que es va desplegar a la campanya antàrtica 2021-2022, descrivint les proves de camp funcionals realitzades a l'Antàrtida i Catalunya.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo lograr un intercambio de datos confiable en un entorno hostil mejorando su confiabilidad mediante el diseño de un modelo completo que tenga en cuenta las diferentes capas de confiabilidad y mediante la implementación de las contramedidas asociadas al modelo. La tesis se centra en el caso de uso del proyecto SHETLAND-NET, con el objetivo de desplegar una arquitectura de Internet de las cosas (IoT) híbrida con comunicaciones LoRa y de onda ionosférica de incidencia casi vertical (NVIS) para ofrecer un servicio de telemetría para el monitoreo del “permafrost” en la Antártida. Para cumplir con los objetivos de la tesis, en primer lugar, se realiza una revisión del estado del arte en confiabilidad para proponer una definición y alcance del término confiabilidad. Partiendo de aquí, se diseña un modelo de confiabilidad de cuatro capas, donde cada capa se caracteriza por su alcance, métrica para la cuantificación de la confiabilidad, contramedidas para la mejora de la confiabilidad y las interdependencias con las otras capas. Este modelo permite la medición y evaluación de la confiabilidad del caso de uso en la Antártida. Dadas las condiciones hostiles y las limitaciones de la tecnología utilizada en este caso de uso, se valida el modelo y se evalúa el servicio de telemetría a través de simulaciones en Riverbed Modeler. Para obtener valores anticipados de la confiabilidad esperada, la arquitectura propuesta es modelada para evaluar los resultados con diferentes configuraciones previo a su despliegue en pruebas de campo. La arquitectura propuesta pasa por tres iteraciones principales de mejora de la confiabilidad. En la primera iteración, se explora el uso de mecanismos de consenso y gestión de la confianza social para aprovechar la redundancia de sensores. En la segunda iteración, se evalúa el uso de protocolos de transporte modernos para el caso de uso antártico. La última iteración de esta tesis evalúa el uso de una arquitectura de red tolerante al retardo (DTN) utilizando el Bundle Protocol (BP) para mejorar la confiabilidad del sistema. Finalmente, se presenta una prueba de concepto (PoC) con hardware real que se desplegó en la campaña antártica 2021-2022, describiendo las pruebas de campo funcionales realizadas en la Antártida y Cataluña.This thesis aims at achieving reliable data exchange over a harsh environment by improving its trustworthiness through the design of a complete model that takes into account the different layers of trustworthiness and through the implementation of the model’s associated countermeasures. The thesis focuses on the use case of the SHETLAND-NET project, aiming to deploy a hybrid Internet of Things (IoT) architecture with LoRa and Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) communications to offer a telemetry service for permafrost monitoring in Antarctica. To accomplish the thesis objectives, first, a review of the state of the art in trustworthiness is carried out to propose a definition and scope of the trustworthiness term. From these, a four-layer trustworthiness model is designed, with each layer characterized by its scope, metric for trustworthiness accountability, countermeasures for trustworthiness improvement, and the interdependencies with the other layers. This model enables trustworthiness accountability and assessment of the Antarctic use case. Given the harsh conditions and the limitations of the use technology in this use case, the model is validated and the telemetry service is evaluated through simulations in Riverbed Modeler. To obtain anticipated values of the expected trustworthiness, the proposal has been modeled to evaluate the performance with different configurations prior to its deployment in the field. The proposed architecture goes through three major iterations of trustworthiness improvement. In the first iteration, using social trust management and consensus mechanisms is explored to take advantage of sensor redundancy. In the second iteration, the use of modern transport protocols is evaluated for the Antarctic use case. The final iteration of this thesis assesses using a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture using the Bundle Protocol (BP) to improve the system’s trustworthiness. Finally, a Proof of Concept (PoC) with real hardware that was deployed in the 2021-2022 Antarctic campaign is presented, describing the functional tests performed in Antarctica and Catalonia

A content dissemination framework for vehicular networking

Vehicular Networks are a peculiar class of wireless mobile networks in which vehicles are equipped with radio interfaces and are, therefore, able to communicate with fixed infrastructure (if available) or other vehicles. Content dissemination has a potential number of applications in vehicular networking, including advertising, traffic warnings, parking notifications and emergency announcements. This thesis addresses two possible dissemination strategies: i) Push-based that is aiming to proactively deliver information to a group of vehicles based on their interests and the level of matching content, and ii) Pull-based that is allowing vehicles to explicitly request custom information. Our dissemination framework is taking into consideration very specific information only available in vehicular networks: the geographical data produced by the navigation system. With its aid, a vehicle's mobility patterns become predictable. This information is exploited to efficiently deliver the content where it is needed. Furthermore, we use the navigation system to automatically filter information which might be relevant to the vehicles. Our framework has been designed and implemented in .NET C# and Microsoft MapPoint. It was tested using a small number of vehicles in the area of Cambridge, UK. Moreover, to prove the correctness of our protocols, we further evaluated it in a large-scale network simulation over a number of realistic vehicular trace-based scenarios. Finally, we built a test-case application aiming to prove that vehicles can gain from such a framework. In this application every vehicle collects and disseminates road traffic information. Vehicles that receive this information can individually evaluate the traffic conditions and take an alternative route, if needed. To evaluate this approach, we collaborated with UCLA's Network Research Lab (NRL), to build a simulator that combines network and dynamic mobility emulation simultaneously. When our dissemination framework is used, the drivers can considerably reduce their trip-times