Smart Cities in Asia

This open access book examines different aspects of smart cities, including technology, urban development, sustainable development, finance, and privacy and data protection. It also covers a wide range of jurisdictions in Asia-Pacific: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The book consists of two main parts. The first part includes general chapters that conceptualize smart cities and provide an overview of these cities’ problems such as privacy and data protection concern. The general chapters also discuss the role of public and private sectors in developing and governing smart cities. The second part encompasses country-specific chapters that examine the concepts addressed in the general chapters in practice by analyzing several specific smart city projects. This book provides researchers and practitioners with some knowledge of a smart city and its implication in the Asia context. The book is designed with some general chapters updating the literature on smart cities for readers who are interested in an overview of this concept. Audiences who are curious about how smart cities are perceived and implemented in some Asian jurisdictions are benefited from country-specific chapters. The book is also helpful to general audiences whose interests lay at the intersection of law, governance, and technology

무선 이동 애드 혹 네트워크에서 안정적인 브로드캐스트/유니캐스트 서비스를 위한 라우팅 프로토콜 설계

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기·컴퓨터공학부, 2016. 2. 박세웅.A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic, self-organizing network that is composed of numerous mobile devices scattered in a particular area. Each device is equipped with a wireless transceiver for physical-layer communication. In MANET, data traffic should traverse intermediate nodes between the source and the destination due to the limited communication range of devices. In this dissertation, we develop routing schemes for reliable and scalable broadcast/unicast communication service in MANETs. First, we develop efficient broadcast protocol, named ST-BCAST, that exploits collision resilient tone-signals and employs receiver triggered forwarding decision / cancellation mechanism. It reliably disseminates a packet over MANET without any topological information. We verify the reliability and efficiency of ST-BCAST through logical analysis and NS-3 based simulations. Second, we investigate two well-known classes of routing mechanisms for unicast service in MANET: hop-by-hop routing and gradient routing. We evaluate their performance under realistic MANET environments with unreliable links and node mobility. Based on the understanding of their behaviors, we propose a practical gradient forwarding architecture (E-GRAD) that includes on-demand cost update and SNR-based cost calculation. We demonstrate that the performance of E-GRAD is closed to that of the ideal routing scheme with global information. Last, we consider wireless multi-hop access networks with a single gateway, e.g., sensor networks and smart-phone based disaster recovery networks, and design novel gradient routing schemes for uplink/downlink unicast services. In our proposed scheme, every node can efficiently calculate the routing cost to the gateway by relaying a tone signal across subcarriers, where a cost value (e.g., hop count to the gateway) is pre-assigned to each subcarrier. The cost calculation is initiated by the gateway and is computed as the signal propagates to the network boundary. For uplink gradient routing, the cost can be used directly, and for downlink gradient routing, the cost is used in conjunction with uplink transmission history. We verify through NS-3 simulations that our proposed single-gateway routing scheme provides reliable uplink and downlink traffic, and substantially reduces the routing overhead by successfully exploiting OFDM signals.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Contributions and outline 3 2 ST-BCAST: An Efficient Broadcast Protocol using Subcarrier-level Tone-signals 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 System model 10 2.3 ST-BCAST 12 2.3.1 Control signals 12 2.3.2 Forwarding state lists 13 2.3.3 Receiver-triggered forwarding decision and cancellation 15 2.3.4 Operation example 17 2.3.5 Mode switching mechanism for multiple source case 19 2.3.6 Physical layer aspects for RTF and FR transmission and detection 20 2.3.7 Duration of RTF and FR 21 2.4 Reliability of ST-BCAST 21 2.5 Feasibility of tone signal detection 25 2.6 Simulation results 28 2.6.1 Implementation 28 2.6.2 Broadcast schemes in comparison 29 2.6.3 Performance metrics 30 2.6.4 Simulation environments 31 2.6.5 Results - single source 33 2.6.6 Results - multiple sources 38 2.7 Related Work 40 2.8 Summary 43 3 E-GRAD: Revisiting Gradient Routing Protocol for Reliable Unicast in MANET 44 3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Forwarding mechanisms for unicast transmission 47 3.2.1 Hop-by-hop routing 47 3.2.2 Gradient routing 49 3.3 Reliability analysis of hop-by-hop routing and gradient routing 51 3.3.1 Impact of errors in link quality estimation 52 3.3.2 Impact of node mobility 54 3.4 E-GRAD: A practical greedy routing architecture for MANET 57 3.4.1 On-demand flooding-based cost update protocol 57 3.4.2 SNR-based cost allocation 61 3.4.3 Miscellaneous for efficient forwarding cancellation 64 3.5 Simulation results 65 3.5.1 System model 65 3.5.2 Schemes in comparison 68 3.5.3 Performance metrics 70 3.5.4 Simulation environments 70 3.5.5 Results 71 3.6 Related work 84 3.7 Summary 85 4 Access-GRAD: A Gradient Routing Protocol for Uplink and Downlink Unicast in Wireless Multi-hop Access Networks 87 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 System model 89 4.3 Access-GRAD 90 4.3.1 Tone-signal based cost update 90 4.3.2 History based gradient routing for downlink transmission 91 4.4 Performance evaluation 95 4.4.1 Uplink performance 98 4.4.2 Downlink performance 101 4.5 Summary 103 5 Conclusion 104 5.1 Research contributions 104 5.2 Future research directions 106 Bibliography 107 국문초록 117Docto

How Vietnam is saving lives against Covid-19?

It complements Silva (2020b) research, which showed that among 108 well-evaluated countries, the top benchmark nations against Covid-19 are Vietnam, Taiwan, and Thailand. For example, on April 16, 2021 around 3,011,574 lives were officially lost by Covid-19, while Taiwan, Vietnam, and Thailand reported respectively only 11, 35, and 97 fatal cases (WORLDOMETERS, 2021). So, this article main aim is to investigate the Vietnam performance and the management practices used to save lives against Covid19. The research uses an online questionnaire, is descriptive with documentary and bibliographic approaches to identify management practices, including Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) adopted against a pandemic. Also the Fatality Total Index (SILVA, 2020b p. 563) was used to compare Vietnam\u27s performance with 43 semifinalist countries. Some results are: 1) 200 NPIs were identified across the world against coronavirus; 2) Among the 44 countries, Vietnam showed the second best performance, after Taiwan; 3) among 107 respondents living in Vietnam, only 5.61% don´t believe that cultural practices are decisive for the low rate of Covid-19 death, while most (94.39%) believe in that. From the group that believe, the most decisive cultural practices were: wear a mask, wash hands, not shake hands, not hug in public and few religious assembly; 4) for 106 respondents living in Vietnam, the ten main policy measures adopted by the National Government that saved lives against the virus are: international travel control, public information campaigns, schools closures, public event cancellations, integration with mass media, restriction on internal movement, effective public-private collaboration, increase the medical and personal equipment capacity, public transport reduction and combat fake news. At the final, ten golden lessons are provided, from 340 policies, measures, programs, projects, innovative products/services identified, with the majority led by the Public Sector (73.5%), followed by Corporations (8.5%), Others (6.5%), Start ups (6.2%), and Universities (5.3%)

Cross-layer RaCM design for vertically integrated wireless networks

Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).Wireless local and metropolitan area network (WLAN/WMAN) technologies, more specifically IEEE 802.11 (or wireless fidelity, WiFi) and IEEE 802.16 (or wireless interoperability for microwave access, WiMAX), are well-suited to enterprise networking since wireless offers the advantages of rapid deployment in places that are difficult to wire. However, these networking standards are relatively young with respect to their traditional mature high-speed low-latency fixed-line networking counterparts. It is more challenging for the network provider to supply the necessary quality of service (QoS) to support the variety of existing multimedia services over wireless technology. Wireless communication is also unreliable in nature, making the provisioning of agreed QoS even more challenging. Considering the advantages and disadvantages, wireless networks prove well-suited to connecting rural areas to the Internet or as a networking solution for areas that are difficult to wire. The focus of this study specifically pertains to IEEE 802.16 and the part it plays in an IEEE vertically integrated wireless Internet (WIN): IEEE 802.16 is a wireless broadband backhaul technology, capable of connecting local area networks (LANs), wireless or fixed-line, to the Internet via a high-speed fixed-line link

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationAll cells have distinct cellular architectures that are critical for their function. A dramatic example of this relationship can be observed in cells that undergo subcellular branching. In this case, cells must first specify distinct branch sites and then outgrow cellular projections from those sites, resulting in a branched cellular morphology. Branching morphology is a common type of cell shape, examples of which include glial oligodendrocytes found in the human brain, dendritic cells of the mammalian immune system and by far the best studied example, neurons. Tubulogenesis or lumen morphology is another type of cell formation common throughout biology. Cellular tubes transport liquids and gases within animal tissues and are often found in elaborate organ systems that span the entire body including the human respiratory and circulatory systems. Despite the importance of these forms of cell architecture, little is known about the genes and molecular machinery that are required for developing branched tubular cells. Drosophila larval tracheal terminal cells are single, highly branched cells that have a subcellular lumen running through each branch. These cells are located at the ends of a network of interconnected tubes and are the final, and critical step in delivery of oxygen and other gases to animal tissues. Terminal cell development, which occurs primarily during larval stages, includes three distinct morphological processes: cell growth, subcellular branching and tubulogenesis. Cell outgrowth is a general process that is used by many other cell types to enable the overall growth. Subcellular branching is a iv specialized process that includes sending cellular projections out from the plasma membrane towards other cellular targets. Lastly, tubulogenesis is the process of forming a space or lumen within a cell through which gas can flow. Here, we use Drosophila larval terminal cells, a component of the respiratory system, to investigate the cellular mechanisms required for development of two distinct cellular morphologies, subcellular branching morphogenesis and subcellular lumen formation. Work described here focuses primarily on progress made in elucidating mechanisms of branch specification and branch outgrowth. We have found that the PAR-polarity protein complex is required for terminal cell branching and that through the Rho GTPase Cdc42, and other PAR proteins, the exocyst facilitates polarized membrane addition required for terminal cell branch outgrowth

ベトナムにおける危機管理従事者の情報伝達能力向上のための訓練手法改善

The research firstly provides a review on key policy, exercise program and government structures on Vietnamese emergency management. Then, environmental hazards related to port activities are identified that facilitate to choose emergency exercise topics. Methods on exercise design and evaluation are developed for better understanding issues of communication through table-top and functional exercise. These methods have been applied for several case studies in Haiphong city, Vietnam (oil spill and fire accident at port, rescue at hospital, fire at chemical warehouse), and Kitakyushu city, Japan (medical service in earthquake). As results, communication structures among stakeholders are visualized and clearly defined in table-top excised. Use of time element for functional exercise provides quantitative evidences for capturing communication issues and providing clues for improvement. The research is expected to be useful material for emergency managers to enhance communication in emergency management北九州市立大

基部陸上植物ゼニゴケのRAB GTPaseの研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 塚谷 裕一, 東京大学教授 武田 洋幸, 東京大学教授 中野 明彦, 東京大学准教授 野﨑 久義, 基礎生物学研究所教授 上田 貴志University of Tokyo(東京大学

Post-translational regulation of HD-Zip IV transcription factors in Arabidopsis

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of BiologyKathrin SchrickClass IV homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip IV) transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of epidermal cell fate during embryonic and post-embryonic development in plants. GLABRA2 (GL2), the founding member of the HD-Zip IV TFs, plays critical roles in trichome and root hair development as well as in biosynthesis of anthocyanin, seed coat mucilage and seed oil. It has four defined domains including a DNA-binding homeodomain (HD), a leucine-zipper dimerization domain termed Zipper Loop Zipper (ZLZ), a Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein-related lipid Transfer (START) domain, and a START-associated domain. Previous work demonstrated that the START domain of GL2 is involved in ligand binding and is required for TF dimerization, stability and activity. However, a detailed mechanism controlling the level of HD-Zip IV TFs in plants remains unknown. The overall goal of this project is to identify and characterize post-translational regulatory mechanisms affecting the turnover and activity of HD-Zip IV TFs in Arabidopsis. To determine protein half-lives, in vivo cycloheximide chase experiments were performed using Arabidopsis seedlings, uncovering a role for the ZLZ domain in destabilizing GL2. In addition, the Ubiquitin/26S proteasome system was implicated in the degradation of unstable GL2 protein resulting from START domain mutation. Next, bioinformatics tools predicted multiple, high confidence conserved ubiquitination and SUMOylation sites in the ZLZ domain of GL2 and the modifications were verified in vivo by performing immunoprecipitation experiments. Site-directed mutagenesis of the candidate amino acids resulted in a gain-of-function phenotype characterized by an increased frequency of abaxial leaf curling in lysine-to-arginine (K-R) mutants. In contrast to EYFP-tagged protein, plants expressing GL2 with a smaller 6x His 3x FLAG tag did not display leaf curling, suggesting that this phenotype is associated with increased protein stability. Ongoing experiments focus on RNA-Seq experiments to characterize the molecular mechanisms of abaxial leaf curling. In addition to ubiquitin and SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) sites, two high confidence SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) were bioinformatically predicted in the GL2 START domain from Arabidopsis. SIMs are short hydrophobic sequences present in many proteins that can non-covalently bind to SUMO-conjugated proteins. Mutational analysis with confocal microscopy revealed defects in trichome branching and nuclear localization of the protein in SIM mutants. Yeast two-hybrid experiments failed to detect GL2-SUMO interactions as most of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO isoforms were not expressed in yeast. However, unlike wild-type protein, SIM mutants displayed impaired dimerization. These results indicate the role of SIMs in the subcellular localization and TF activity of GL2. Further experiments will be required to identify proteins that associate with GL2 through SUMO-SIM interactions. Overall, the findings suggest that regulatory mechanisms involving ubiquitin and/or SUMO contribute to GL2 levels and activity in plants. This work provides new insight into how the protein levels of critical transcriptional regulators of epidermal cell differentiation are fine-tuned in plants. The new knowledge will ultimately guide molecular toolkits for engineering HD-Zip IV TFs to establish more resilient and high yielding cultivars