2,815 research outputs found
Association of a germline copy number polymorphism of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B with burden of putative APOBEC-dependent mutations in breast cancer.
The somatic mutations in a cancer genome are the aggregate outcome of one or more mutational processes operative through the lifetime of the individual with cancer. Each mutational process leaves a characteristic mutational signature determined by the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair that constitute it. A role was recently proposed for the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases in generating particular genome-wide mutational signatures and a signature of localized hypermutation called kataegis. A germline copy number polymorphism involving APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, which effectively deletes APOBEC3B, has been associated with modestly increased risk of breast cancer. Here we show that breast cancers in carriers of the deletion show more mutations of the putative APOBEC-dependent genome-wide signatures than cancers in non-carriers. The results suggest that the APOBEC3A-APOBEC3B germline deletion allele confers cancer susceptibility through increased activity of APOBEC-dependent mutational processes, although the mechanism by which this increase in activity occurs remains unknown.We would like to thank the Wellcome Trust for support (grant reference 098051). SN-Z is a Wellcome-Beit Prize
Fellow and is supported through a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (grant reference WT100183MA). PJC
is personally funded through a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Research Fellowship (grant reference
WT088340MA). NB is an EHA fellow and is supported by a Lady Tata Memorial Trust award. The H.L. Holmes Award from the National Research Council Canada and an EMBO Fellowship supports AS
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A Portfolio approach to wind and solar deployment in Australia
We develop a new framework that can be used to analyse interactions between solar and wind generation using a Mean-Variance Portfolio Theory (MPT) framework. We use this framework to understand the role of electricity transmission integrating a high shar
Fusion of finite set distributions: Pointwise consistency and global cardinality
A recent trend in distributed multi-sensor fusion is to use random finite set
filters at the sensor nodes and fuse the filtered distributions algorithmically
using their exponential mixture densities (EMDs). Fusion algorithms which
extend the celebrated covariance intersection and consensus based approaches
are such examples. In this article, we analyse the variational principle
underlying EMDs and show that the EMDs of finite set distributions do not
necessarily lead to consistent fusion of cardinality distributions. Indeed, we
demonstrate that these inconsistencies may occur with overwhelming probability
in practice, through examples with Bernoulli, Poisson and independent
identically distributed (IID) cluster processes. We prove that pointwise
consistency of EMDs does not imply consistency in global cardinality and vice
versa. Then, we redefine the variational problems underlying fusion and provide
iterative solutions thereby establishing a framework that guarantees
cardinality consistent fusion.Comment: accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and
Electronics System
Extended Object Tracking: Introduction, Overview and Applications
This article provides an elaborate overview of current research in extended
object tracking. We provide a clear definition of the extended object tracking
problem and discuss its delimitation to other types of object tracking. Next,
different aspects of extended object modelling are extensively discussed.
Subsequently, we give a tutorial introduction to two basic and well used
extended object tracking approaches - the random matrix approach and the Kalman
filter-based approach for star-convex shapes. The next part treats the tracking
of multiple extended objects and elaborates how the large number of feasible
association hypotheses can be tackled using both Random Finite Set (RFS) and
Non-RFS multi-object trackers. The article concludes with a summary of current
applications, where four example applications involving camera, X-band radar,
light detection and ranging (lidar), red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) sensors are
highlighted.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figure
Optimising and adapting the QoS of a dynamic set of inter-dependent tasks
Due to the growing complexity and adaptability requirements of real-time systems, which often exhibit
unrestricted Quality of Service (QoS) inter-dependencies among supported services and user-imposed
quality constraints, it is increasingly difficult to optimise the level of service of a dynamic task set within
an useful and bounded time. This is even more difficult when intending to benefit from the full potential
of an open distributed cooperating environment, where service characteristics are not known beforehand
and tasks may be inter-dependent.
This paper focuses on optimising a dynamic local set of inter-dependent tasks that can be executed
at varying levels of QoS to achieve an efficient resource usage that is constantly adapted to the specific
constraints of devices and users, nature of executing tasks and dynamically changing system conditions.
Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed anytime algorithms are able to quickly find a good
initial solution and effectively optimise the rate at which the quality of the current solution improves
as the algorithms are given more time to run, with a minimum overhead when compared against their
traditional versions
Wind Farm Coordinated Control and Optimisation
This thesis develops and implements computationally efficient and accurate wind farm coordinated control strategies increasing energy per area by mitigating wake losses. Simulations with data from the Brazos, Le Sole de Moulin Vieux (SMV) and Lillgrund wind farms show an increase of up to 8% in farm production and up to 6% in efficiency. A live field implementation of coordinated control strategies show that curtailing upstream turbine by up to 17% in full or near-full wake conditions can increase downstream turbine’s production by up to 11%. To the best knowledge of the author, this is the first practical implementation of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) based coordinated control strategies in an operating wind farm.
With coordinated control, upstream turbines are curtailed using coefficient of power or yaw offsets in such a way that the decrease in upstream turbines’ production is less than the increase in downstream turbines’ production resulting in net gain. This optimum curtailment is achieved with on-line coordinated control which requires an accurate and fast processing wind deficit model and an optimiser which achieves the desired results with high processing speed using minimum overheads.
Performance evaluation of carefully selected optimisers was undertaken using an objective function developed for increasing farm production based on coordinated control. This evaluation concluded that Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is the most suitable optimiser for on-line coordinated control due to its high processing speed, computational efficiency and solution quality.
The standard Jensen model was used as a starting point for developing a fast processing and accurate wind deficit model referred to as the Turbulence Intensity based Jensen Model (TI-JM), taking wake added turbulence intensity and deep array effect into consideration. The TI-JM uses free-stream and wake-added turbulence intensities for predicting effective values of wake decay coefficients deep inside the farm. This model is validated using WindPRO and data from three wind farms case studies as benchmarks.
A methodology for assessing the impact of wakes on farm production is developed. This methodology visualises wake effects (in 360°) by calculating power production using data from the wind farms (case-studies). The wake affected wind conditions are further analysed by calculating relative efficiency.
The innovative coordinated control strategies are evaluated using data from the wind farms case studies and WindPRO as benchmarks. A live field implementation of coordinated control strategies demonstrated that the production of downstream turbines can be increased by curtailing upstream turbines. This field setup consisted of two operating wind turbines equipped with modern LiDAR. Analyses of the high frequency real time data were performed comparing field results with simulations. It was found that simulations are in good agreement (within a range of 1.5%) with field results
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