PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reports

We present a labeled large-scale, high resolution chest x-ray dataset for the automated exploration of medical images along with their associated reports. This dataset includes more than 160,000 images obtained from 67,000 patients that were interpreted and reported by radiologists at Hospital San Juan Hospital (Spain) from 2009 to 2017, covering six different position views and additional information on image acquisition and patient demography. The reports were labeled with 174 different radiographic findings, 19 differential diagnoses and 104 anatomic locations organized as a hierarchical taxonomy and mapped onto standard Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) terminology. Of these reports, 27% were manually annotated by trained physicians and the remaining set was labeled using a supervised method based on a recurrent neural network with attention mechanisms. The labels generated were then validated in an independent test set achieving a 0.93 Micro-F1 score. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest public chest x-ray database suitable for training supervised models concerning radiographs, and the first to contain radiographic reports in Spanish. The PadChest dataset can be downloaded from http://bimcv.cipf.es/bimcv-projects/padchest/

English for Geodesy and Land Management Students: tutorial.

English for Geodesy and Land Management Students is the manual for the students majoring in this specialty «Geodesy and Land Management» at higher education institutions and aimed at mastering the English language for specific purposes in this domain. The manual consists of 2 parts comprising the key theoretical issues students study at their special classes. The 1st part consists of 11 units. The 2nd part consists of 14 units. Each unit is designed in the way to provide students with the possibility to practice all language skills giving them flexibility in the field of future professional sphere. In the last part of the tutorial students can find texts for supplementary reading useful for efficient independent work

Overview of database projects

The use of entity and object oriented data modeling techniques for managing Computer Aided Design (CAD) is explored

Ontwerp en evaluatie van content distributie netwerken voor multimediale streaming diensten.

Traditionele Internetgebaseerde diensten voor het verspreiden van bestanden, zoals Web browsen en het versturen van e-mails, worden aangeboden via één centrale server. Meer recente netwerkdiensten zoals interactieve digitale televisie of video-op-aanvraag vereisen echter hoge kwaliteitsgaranties (QoS), zoals een lage en constante netwerkvertraging, en verbruiken een aanzienlijke hoeveelheid bandbreedte op het netwerk. Architecturen met één centrale server kunnen deze garanties moeilijk bieden en voldoen daarom niet meer aan de hoge eisen van de volgende generatie multimediatoepassingen. In dit onderzoek worden daarom nieuwe netwerkarchitecturen bestudeerd, die een dergelijke dienstkwaliteit kunnen ondersteunen. Zowel peer-to-peer mechanismes, zoals bij het uitwisselen van muziekbestanden tussen eindgebruikers, als servergebaseerde oplossingen, zoals gedistribueerde caches en content distributie netwerken (CDN's), komen aan bod. Afhankelijk van de bestudeerde dienst en de gebruikte netwerktechnologieën en -architectuur, worden gecentraliseerde algoritmen voor netwerkontwerp voorgesteld. Deze algoritmen optimaliseren de plaatsing van de servers of netwerkcaches en bepalen de nodige capaciteit van de servers en netwerklinks. De dynamische plaatsing van de aangeboden bestanden in de verschillende netwerkelementen wordt aangepast aan de heersende staat van het netwerk en aan de variërende aanvraagpatronen van de eindgebruikers. Serverselectie, herroutering van aanvragen en het verspreiden van de belasting over het hele netwerk komen hierbij ook aan bod

A NOVEL LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATION-BAESD LOW DIAMETER STRUCTURED PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK

This research focuses on introducing a novel concept to design a scalable, hierarchical interest-based overlay Peer-to-Peer (P2P) system. We have used Linear Diophantine Equation (LDE) as the mathematical base to realize the architecture. Note that all existing structured approaches use Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) to realize their architectures. Use of LDE in designing P2P architecture is a completely new idea; it does not exist in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We have shown how the proposed LDE-based architecture outperforms some of the most well established existing architecture. We have proposed multiple effective data query algorithms considering different circumstances, and their time complexities are bounded by (2+ r/2) only; r is the number of distinct resources. Our alternative lookup scheme needs only constant number of overlay hops and constant number of message exchanges that can outperform DHT-based P2P systems. Moreover, in our architecture, peers are able to possess multiple distinct resources. A convincing solution to handle the problem of churn has been offered. We have shown that our presented approach performs lookup queries efficiently and consistently even in presence of churn. In addition, we have shown that our design is resilient to fault tolerance in the event of peers crashing and leaving. Furthermore, we have proposed two algorithms to response to one of the principal requests of P2P applications’ users, which is to preserve the anonymity and security of the resource requester and the responder while providing the same light-weighted data lookup

Spatial ontologies for architectural heritage

Informatics and artificial intelligence have generated new requirements for digital archiving, information, and documentation. Semantic interoperability has become fundamental for the management and sharing of information. The constraints to data interpretation enable both database interoperability, for data and schemas sharing and reuse, and information retrieval in large datasets. Another challenging issue is the exploitation of automated reasoning possibilities. The solution is the use of domain ontologies as a reference for data modelling in information systems. The architectural heritage (AH) domain is considered in this thesis. The documentation in this field, particularly complex and multifaceted, is well-known to be critical for the preservation, knowledge, and promotion of the monuments. For these reasons, digital inventories, also exploiting standards and new semantic technologies, are developed by international organisations (Getty Institute, ONU, European Union). Geometric and geographic information is essential part of a monument. It is composed by a number of aspects (spatial, topological, and mereological relations; accuracy; multi-scale representation; time; etc.). Currently, geomatics permits the obtaining of very accurate and dense 3D models (possibly enriched with textures) and derived products, in both raster and vector format. Many standards were published for the geographic field or in the cultural heritage domain. However, the first ones are limited in the foreseen representation scales (the maximum is achieved by OGC CityGML), and the semantic values do not consider the full semantic richness of AH. The second ones (especially the core ontology CIDOC – CRM, the Conceptual Reference Model of the Documentation Commettee of the International Council of Museums) were employed to document museums’ objects. Even if it was recently extended to standing buildings and a spatial extension was included, the integration of complex 3D models has not yet been achieved. In this thesis, the aspects (especially spatial issues) to consider in the documentation of monuments are analysed. In the light of them, the OGC CityGML is extended for the management of AH complexity. An approach ‘from the landscape to the detail’ is used, for considering the monument in a wider system, which is essential for analysis and reasoning about such complex objects. An implementation test is conducted on a case study, preferring open source applications

Global Data Plane: A Widely Distributed Storage and Communication Infrastructure

With the advancement of technology, richer computation devices are making their way into everyday life. However, such smarter devices merely act as a source and sink of information; the storage of information is highly centralized in data-centers in today’s world. Even though such data-centers allow for amortization of cost per bit of information, the density and distribution of such data-centers is not necessarily representative of human population density. This disparity of where the information is produced and consumed vs where it is stored only slightly affects the applications of today, but it will be the limiting factor for applications of tomorrow.The computation resources at the edge are more powerful than ever, and present an opportunity to address this disparity. We envision that a seamless combination of these edge-resources with the data-center resources is the way forward. However, the resulting issues of trust and data-security are not easy to solve in a world full of complexity. Toward this vision of a federated infrastructure composed of resources at the edge as well as those in data-centers, we describe the architecture and design of a widely distributed system for data storage and communication that attempts to alleviate some of these data security challenges; we call this system the Global Data Plane (GDP).The key abstraction in the GDP is a secure cohesive container of information called a DataCapsule, which provides a layer of uniformity on top of a heterogeneous infrastructure. A DataCapsule represents a secure history of transactions in a persistent form that can be used for building other applications on top. Existing applications can be refactored to use DataCapsules as the ground truth of persistent state; such a refactoring enables cleaner application design that allows for better security analysis of information flows. Not only cleaner design, the GDP also enables locality of access for performance and data privacy—an ever growing concern in the information age.The DataCapsules are enabled by an underlying routing fabric, called the GDP network, which provides secure routing for datagrams in a flat namespace. The GDP network is a core component of the GDP that enables various GDP components to interact with each other. In addition to the DataCapsules, this underlying network is available to applications for native communication as well. Flat namespace networks are known to provide a number of desirable properties, such as location independence, built-in multicast, etc. However, existing architectures for such networks suffer from routing security issues, typically because malicious entities can claim to possess arbitrary names and thus, receive traffic intended for arbitrary destinations. GDP network takes a different approach by defining an ownership of the name and the associated mechanisms for participants to delegate routing for such names to others. By directly integrating with GDP network, applications can enjoy the benefits of flat namespace networks without compromising routing security.The Global Data Plane and DataCapsules together represent our vision for secure ubiquitous storage. As opposed to the current approach of perimeter security for infrastructure, i.e. drawing a perimeter around parts of infrastructure and trusting everything inside it, our vision is to use cryptographic tools to enable intrinsic security for the information itself regardless of the context in which such information lives. In this dissertation, we show how to make this vision a reality, and how to adapt real world applications to reap the benefits of secure ubiquitous storage

An Integrated Network Architecture for a High Speed Distributed Multimedia System.

Computer communication demands for higher bandwidth and smaller delays are increasing rapidly as the march into the twenty-first century gains momentum. These demands are generated by visualization applications which model complex real time phenomena in visual form, electronic document imaging and manipulation, concurrent engineering, on-line databases and multimedia applications which integrate audio, video and data. The convergence of the computer and video worlds is leading to the emergence of a distributed multimedia environment. This research investigates an integrated approach in the design of a high speed computer-video local area network for a distributed multimedia environment. The initial step in providing multimedia services over computer networks is to ensure bandwidth availability for these services. The bandwidth needs based on traffic generated in a distributed multimedia environment is computationally characterized by a model. This model is applied to the real-time problem of designing a backbone for a distributed multimedia environment at the NASA Classroom of the Future Program. The network incorporates legacy LANs and the latest high speed switching technologies. Performance studies have been conducted with different network topologies for various multimedia application scenarios to establish benchmarks for the operation of the network. In these performance studies it has been observed that network topologies play an important role in ensuring that sufficient bandwidth is available for multimedia traffic. After the implementation of the network and the performance studies, it was found that for true quality of service guarantees, some modifications will have to be made in the multimedia operating systems used in client workstations. These modifications would gather knowledge of the channel between source and destination and reserve resources for multimedia communication based on specified requirements. A scheme for reserving resources in a network consisting legacy LAN and ATM is presented to guarantee quality of service for multimedia applications