435 research outputs found
Torsion, Chern-Simons Term and Diffeomorphism Invariance
In the approach of gravity Chern-Simons
modification has been considered here. It has been found that Chern-Simons
contribution to the bianchi identity has become cancelled from that of the
scalar field part. But "homogeneity and isotropy" consideration of present day
cosmology is a consequence of the "strong equivalence principle" and
vice-versa.Comment: 8 page
Absolute Objects and Counterexamples: Jones-Geroch Dust, Torretti Constant Curvature, Tetrad-Spinor, and Scalar Density
James L. Anderson analyzed the novelty of Einstein's theory of gravity as its
lack of "absolute objects." Michael Friedman's related work has been criticized
by Roger Jones and Robert Geroch for implausibly admitting as absolute the
timelike 4-velocity field of dust in cosmological models in Einstein's theory.
Using the Rosen-Sorkin Lagrange multiplier trick, I complete Anna Maidens's
argument that the problem is not solved by prohibiting variation of absolute
objects in an action principle. Recalling Anderson's proscription of
"irrelevant" variables, I generalize that proscription to locally irrelevant
variables that do no work in some places in some models. This move vindicates
Friedman's intuitions and removes the Jones-Geroch counterexample: some regions
of some models of gravity with dust are dust-free and so naturally lack a
timelike 4-velocity, so diffeomorphic equivalence to (1,0,0,0) is spoiled.
Torretti's example involving constant curvature spaces is shown to have an
absolute object on Anderson's analysis, viz., the conformal spatial metric
density. The previously neglected threat of an absolute object from an
orthonormal tetrad used for coupling spinors to gravity appears resolvable by
eliminating irrelevant fields. However, given Anderson's definition, GTR itself
has an absolute object (as Robert Geroch has observed recently): a change of
variables to a conformal metric density and a scalar density shows that the
latter is absolute.Comment: Minor editing, small content additions, added references. Forthcoming
in_Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics_, June 200
Integrable discretizations of some cases of the rigid body dynamics
A heavy top with a fixed point and a rigid body in an ideal fluid are
important examples of Hamiltonian systems on a dual to the semidirect product
Lie algebra . We give a Lagrangian derivation of
the corresponding equations of motion, and introduce discrete time analogs of
two integrable cases of these systems: the Lagrange top and the Clebsch case,
respectively. The construction of discretizations is based on the discrete time
Lagrangian mechanics on Lie groups, accompanied by the discrete time Lagrangian
reduction. The resulting explicit maps on are Poisson with respect to
the Lie--Poisson bracket, and are also completely integrable. Lax
representations of these maps are also found.Comment: arXiv version is already officia
Incidence of -statistics in rank distributions
We show that size-rank distributions with power-law decay (often only over a
limited extent) observed in a vast number of instances in a widespread family
of systems obey Tsallis statistics. The theoretical framework for these
distributions is analogous to that of a nonlinear iterated map near a tangent
bifurcation for which the Lyapunov exponent is negligible or vanishes. The
relevant statistical-mechanical expressions associated with these distributions
are derived from a maximum entropy principle with the use of two different
constraints, and the resulting duality of entropy indexes is seen to portray
physically relevant information. While the value of the index fixes
the distribution's power-law exponent, that for the dual index
ensures the extensivity of the deformed entropy.Comment: Santa Fe Institute working paper:
http://www.santafe.edu/media/workingpapers/14-07-024.pdf. see:
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/09/03/1412093111.full.pdf+htm
Statistical-thermodynamical foundations of anomalous diffusion
It is shown that Tsallis' generalized statistics provides a natural frame for
the statistical-thermodynamical description of anomalous diffusion. Within this
generalized theory, a maximum-entropy formalism makes it possible to derive a
mathematical formulation for the mechanisms that underly Levy-like
superdiffusion, and for solving the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures; to appear in special issue of Braz. J. Phys. as
invited revie
‘One must eliminate the effects of … diffuse circulation [and] their unstable and dangerous coagulation’: Foucault and beyond the stopping of mobilities
Foucault spent time investigating the stopping of mobilities, notably when studying carceral spaces such as asylums and prisons which effectively immobilise their inmates at a societal scale. In Discipline and Punish, he speculates on how such spaces are designed to put a stop to casual ‘nomadisms’. The purpose here is to inspect this aspect of Foucault’s thinking, particularly to recover what he also said about the regulation and cultivation of mobilities within the depths of immobility. Attention is also drawn to an engagement with mobility-immobility appearing in Foucault’s little-discussed Psychiatric Power lectures, prompted by the ideas and practices of Edouard Seguin, an educator of ‘idiot’ children, whose own words provide additional ‘empirical’ weight to an emerging argument. Reading the unabridged English translation of Madness and Civilization, a final claim is that Foucault’s phenomenology of ‘madness’ depends upon unruly mobilities within the asylum, the very stuff of ‘unstable and dangerous coagulation’. The overall ambition is to furnish an alternative account of Foucault and mobilities, concentrating on those Foucauldian texts initially seeming the least promising for scholars of mobilities
19th century real analysis, forward and backward
19th century real analysis received a major impetus from Cauchy's work.
Cauchy mentions variable quantities, limits, and infinitesimals, but the
meaning he attached to these terms is not identical to their modern meaning.
Some Cauchy historians work in a conceptual scheme dominated by an assumption
of a teleological nature of the evolution of real analysis toward a preordained
outcome. Thus, Gilain and Siegmund-Schultze assume that references to limite in
Cauchy's work necessarily imply that Cauchy was working with an Archi-medean
continuum, whereas infinitesimals were merely a convenient figure of speech,
for which Cauchy had in mind a complete justification in terms of Archimedean
limits. However, there is another formalisation of Cauchy's procedures
exploiting his limite, more consistent with Cauchy's ubiquitous use of
infinitesimals, in terms of the standard part principle of modern infinitesimal
analysis.
We challenge a misconception according to which Cauchy was allegedly forced
to teach infinitesimals at the Ecole Polytechnique. We show that the debate
there concerned mainly the issue of rigor, a separate one from infinitesimals.
A critique of Cauchy's approach by his contemporary de Prony sheds light on the
meaning of rigor to Cauchy and his contemporaries. An attentive reading of
Cauchy's work challenges received views on Cauchy's role in the history of
analysis, and indicates that he was a pioneer of infinitesimal techniques as
much as a harbinger of the Epsilontik.Comment: 28 pages, to appear in Antiquitates Mathematica
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