Safe Intelligent Driver Assistance System in V2X Communication Environments based on IoT

In the modern world, power and speed of cars have increased steadily, as traffic continued to increase. At the same time highway-related fatalities and injuries due to road incidents are constantly growing and safety problems come first. Therefore, the development of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) has become a major issue. Numerous innovations, systems and technologies have been developed in order to improve road transportation and safety. Modern computer vision algorithms enable cars to understand the road environment with low miss rates. A number of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been applied in the different cities over the world. Recently, a new global paradigm, known as the Internet of Things (IoT) brings new idea to update the existing solutions. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication based on IoT technologies would be a next step in intelligent transportation for the future Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). The overall purpose of this research was to come up with a scalable IoT solution for driver assistance, which allows to combine safety relevant information for a driver from different types of in-vehicle sensors, in-vehicle DAS, vehicle networks and driver`s gadgets. This study brushed up on the evolution and state-of-the-art of Vehicle Systems. Existing ITSs, VANETs and DASs were evaluated in the research. The study proposed a design approach for the future development of transport systems applying IoT paradigm to the transport safety applications in order to enable driver assistance become part of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The research proposed the architecture of the Safe Intelligent DAS (SiDAS) based on IoT V2X communications in order to combine different types of data from different available devices and vehicle systems. The research proposed IoT ARM structure for SiDAS, data flow diagrams, protocols. The study proposes several IoT system structures for the vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-vehicle collision prediction as case studies for the flexible SiDAS framework architecture. The research has demonstrated the significant increase in driver situation awareness by using IoT SiDAS, especially in NLOS conditions. Moreover, the time analysis, taking into account IoT, Cloud, LTE and DSRS latency, has been provided for different collision scenarios, in order to evaluate the overall system latency and ensure applicability for real-time driver emergency notification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SiDAS improves traffic safety

A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Enabled Federated Learning Framework for Internet of Vehicles

While the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques with improved information technology systems ensured enormous benefits to the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) systems, it also introduced an increased amount of security and privacy threats. To ensure the security of IoVs data, privacy preservation methodologies have gained significant attention in the literature. However, these strategies also need specific adjustments and modifications to cope with the advances in IoVs design. In the interim, Federated Learning (FL) has been proven as an emerging idea to protect IoVs data privacy and security. On the other hand, Blockchain technology is showing prominent possibilities with secured, dispersed, and auditable data recording and sharing schemes. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on the application and implementation of Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning frameworks for IoVs. Besides, probable issues, challenges, solutions, and future research directions for BC-Enabled FL frameworks for IoVs are also presented. This survey can further be used as the basis for developing modern BC-Enabled FL solutions to resolve different data privacy issues and scenarios of IoVs

Huawei HCIA-IoT v. 2.5 Evaluation Questions

Cours, école d'ingénieurThis document is oriented towards students preparing for the exam of Huawei Certified ICT Associate (HCIA-IoT) v. 2.5. The main idea of this booklet is to provide students with an evaluation tool for their understanding of the course content. This booklet is not an exam dump, and it should never be handled like that.HCIA-IoT is a course prepared provided by Huawei. It focuses on the Internet of things explaining the technologies used to support it, such as 5G and NB-IoT. It also introduces Huawei products and solutions in this domain.The structure of this document follows the chapters of the course. For each chapter, there are two groups of questions: True or False and Multiple choices questions. Additionally, the booklet includes a table for abbreviations used in this course in alphabetical order

Post-Quantum Era Privacy Protection for Intelligent Infrastructures

As we move into a new decade, the global world of Intelligent Infrastructure (II) services integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) are at the forefront of technological advancements. With billions of connected devices spanning continents through interconnected networks, security and privacy protection techniques for the emerging II services become a paramount concern. In this paper, an up-to-date privacy method mapping and relevant use cases are surveyed for II services. Particularly, we emphasize on post-quantum cryptography techniques that may (or must when quantum computers become a reality) be used in the future through concrete products, pilots, and projects. The topics presented in this paper are of utmost importance as (1) several recent regulations such as Europe's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have given privacy a significant place in digital society, and (2) the increase of IoT/II applications and digital services with growing data collection capabilities are introducing new threats and risks on citizens' privacy. This in-depth survey begins with an overview of security and privacy threats in IoT/IIs. Next, we summarize some selected Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) suitable for privacy-concerned II services, and then map recent PET schemes based on post-quantum cryptographic primitives which are capable of withstanding quantum computing attacks. This paper also overviews how PETs can be deployed in practical use cases in the scope of IoT/IIs, and maps some current projects, pilots, and products that deal with PETs. A practical case study on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is presented to demonstrate how PETs can be applied in reality. Finally, we discuss the main challenges with respect to current PETs and highlight some future directions for developing their post-quantum counterparts

Data science applications to connected vehicles: Key barriers to overcome

The connected vehicles will generate huge amount of pervasive and real time data, at very high frequencies. This poses new challenges for Data science. How to analyse these data and how to address short-term and long-term storage are some of the key barriers to overcome.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

SCALABLE MULTI-HOP DATA DISSEMINATION IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) aim at improving road safety and travel comfort, by providing self-organizing environments to disseminate traffic data, without requiring fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. Since traffic data is of public interest and usually benefit a group of users rather than a specific individual, it is more appropriate to rely on broadcasting for data dissemination in VANETs. However, broadcasting under dense networks suffers from high percentage of data redundancy that wastes the limited radio channel bandwidth. Moreover, packet collisions may lead to the broadcast storm problem when large number of vehicles in the same vicinity rebroadcast nearly simultaneously. The broadcast storm problem is still challenging in the context of VANET, due to the rapid changes in the network topology, which are difficult to predict and manage. Existing solutions either do not scale well under high density scenarios, or require extra communication overhead to estimate traffic density, so as to manage data dissemination accordingly. In this dissertation, we specifically aim at providing an efficient solution for the broadcast storm problem in VANETs, in order to support different types of applications. A novel approach is developed to provide scalable broadcast without extra communication overhead, by relying on traffic regime estimation using speed data. We theoretically validate the utilization of speed instead of the density to estimate traffic flow. The results of simulating our approach under different density scenarios show its efficiency in providing scalable multi-hop data dissemination for VANETs

Towards Anycasting-driven Reservation System for Electric Vehicle Battery Switch Service

Electro-Mobility has become an increasingly important research problem in urban city. Due to the limited electricity of battery, Electric Vehicle (EV) drivers may experience discomfort for long charging waiting time. Different from plug-in charging technology, we investigate the battery switch technology to improve EV drivers’ comfort (e.g., reduce the service waiting time from tens of minutes to a few minutes), by benefiting from switchable (fully-recharged) batteries cycled at Charging Stations (CSs). Since demand hotspot may still happen at CSs (e.g., running out of switchable batteries), incoming EVs may wait additional time to get their battery switched, and thus the EV driver’s comfort is degraded. Firstly, we propose a centralized reservation enabling service, considering EVs’ reservations (including arrival time, expected charging time of their batteries to be depleted) to optimally coordinate their battery switch plans. Secondly, a decentralized system is further proposed, by facilitating the Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) anycasting to deliver EV’s reservations. This helps to address some of the privacy issues that can be materialized in centralized system and reduce communication cost (e.g., through cellular network for reservation making). Results under the Helsinki city scenario show a trade-off between comparable performance (e.g., service waiting time, number of switched batteries) and cellular network cost for EVs’ reservations delivery