Population Synthesis via k-Nearest Neighbor Crossover Kernel

The recent development of multi-agent simulations brings about a need for population synthesis. It is a task of reconstructing the entire population from a sampling survey of limited size (1% or so), supplying the initial conditions from which simulations begin. This paper presents a new kernel density estimator for this task. Our method is an analogue of the classical Breiman-Meisel-Purcell estimator, but employs novel techniques that harness the huge degree of freedom which is required to model high-dimensional nonlinearly correlated datasets: the crossover kernel, the k-nearest neighbor restriction of the kernel construction set and the bagging of kernels. The performance as a statistical estimator is examined through real and synthetic datasets. We provide an "optimization-free" parameter selection rule for our method, a theory of how our method works and a computational cost analysis. To demonstrate the usefulness as a population synthesizer, our method is applied to a household synthesis task for an urban micro-simulator.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 201

Entropy of Overcomplete Kernel Dictionaries

In signal analysis and synthesis, linear approximation theory considers a linear decomposition of any given signal in a set of atoms, collected into a so-called dictionary. Relevant sparse representations are obtained by relaxing the orthogonality condition of the atoms, yielding overcomplete dictionaries with an extended number of atoms. More generally than the linear decomposition, overcomplete kernel dictionaries provide an elegant nonlinear extension by defining the atoms through a mapping kernel function (e.g., the gaussian kernel). Models based on such kernel dictionaries are used in neural networks, gaussian processes and online learning with kernels. The quality of an overcomplete dictionary is evaluated with a diversity measure the distance, the approximation, the coherence and the Babel measures. In this paper, we develop a framework to examine overcomplete kernel dictionaries with the entropy from information theory. Indeed, a higher value of the entropy is associated to a further uniform spread of the atoms over the space. For each of the aforementioned diversity measures, we derive lower bounds on the entropy. Several definitions of the entropy are examined, with an extensive analysis in both the input space and the mapped feature space.Comment: 10 page

Kernel Approximation Approach to the L1 Optimal Sampled-Data Controller Synthesis Problem

This paper is concerned with a new framework called the kernel approximation approach to the L1 optimal controller synthesis problem of sampled-data systems. On the basis of the lifted representation of sampled-data systems, which contains an input operator and an output operator, this paper introduces a method for approximating the kernel function of the input operator and the hold function of the output operator by piecewise constant functions. Through such a method, the L1 optimal sampled-data controller synthesis problem could be (almost) equivalently converted into the discrete-time l1 optimal controller synthesis problem. This paper further establishes an important inequality that forms the theoretical validity of the kernel approximation approach for tackling the L1 optimal sampled-data controller synthesis problem. © 201711Ysciescopu

Enzymatic synthesis of fatty hydroxamic acid derivatives based on palm kernel oil.

Fatty hydroxamic acid derivatives were synthesized using Lipozyme TL IM catalyst at biphasic medium as the palm kernel oil was dissolved in hexane and hydroxylamine derivatives were dissolved in water: (1) N-methyl fatty hydroxamic acids (MFHAs); (2) N-isopropyl fatty hydroxamic acids (IPFHAs) and (3) N-benzyl fatty hydroxamic acids (BFHAs) were synthesized by reaction of palm kernel oil and N-methyl hydroxylamine (N-MHA), N-isopropyl hydroxylamine (N-IPHA) and N-benzyl hydroxylamine (N-BHA), respectively. Finally, after separation the products were characterized by color testing, elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. For achieving the highest conversion percentage of product the optimum molar ratio of reactants was obtained by changing the ratio of reactants while other reaction parameters were kept constant. For synthesis of MFHAs the optimum mol ratio of N-MHA/palm kernel oil = 6/1 and the highest conversion was 77.8%, for synthesis of IPFHAs the optimum mol ratio of N-IPHA/palm kernel oil = 7/1 and the highest conversion was 65.4% and for synthesis of BFHAs the optimum mol ratio of N-BHA/palm kernel oil = 7/1 and the highest conversion was 61.7%

Noncommutative spectral synthesis for the involutive Banach algebra associated with a topological dynamical system

If X is a compact Hausdorff space, supplied with a homeomorphism, then a crossed product involutive Banach algebra is naturally associated with these data. If X consists of one point, then this algebra is the group algebra of the integers. In this paper, we study spectral synthesis for the closed ideals of this associated algebra in two versions, one modeled after C(X), and one modeled after the group algebra of the integers. We identify the closed ideals which are equal to (what is the analogue of) the kernel of their hull, and determine when this holds for all closed ideals, i.e., when spectral synthesis holds. In both models, this is the case precisely when the homeomorphism has no periodic points.Comment: 28 page

Effect of side chains on the dielectric properties of alkyl esters derived from palm kernel oil

Alkyl ester derivatives were synthesized from laboratory purified palm kernel oil. The steps in the synthesis involved transesterification of palm kernel oil to produce a methyl ester, followed by epoxidation and then the grafting of side chains by esterification with propionic and butyric anhydride. The dielectric and thermal properties of the ester derivatives were analyzed and compared with the methyl ester. The melting point of the ester derivatives were found to reduce with side chain attachment and antioxidant improved its thermal stability. The dielectric loss was dominated by mobile charged particles and the chemical modification appeared to increase the rate at which electric double layer was formed at the electrode-liquid interface. The esters possessed excellent breakdown strengths suggesting that the processing to optimize their physical properties did not have a negative influence on their electrical breakdown strength. This product may prove useful as an insulation fluid in Electrical Power Transformers

The Determination of Optimum Condition for the Synthesis of Alkyl Monoethanolamide from Palm Kernel Oil = Penentuan Kondisi Optimum Sintesis Alkil Monoetanolamida dari minyak Inti Sawit.

Synthesis of alkyl monoethanolamide from palm kernel oil was done by two steps reaction that are esterification and amidation. The esterification, that is the reaction between palm kernel oil and methanol with mole ratio of 1:3 using acid catalyst (H2504) 4 % at temperature 60 °C for two hours, results in methyl ester palm kernel oil. The methyl ester product was produced by amidation reaction on any variation of time, temperature, catalyst, catalyst concentration and ratio of the reactan. The best result of the synthesis (amide conversion of 98.15 %) was obtained at temperature of 160 °C for 6 hours with mole ratio of methyl ester palm kernel oil to ethanol amine (ratio of the reactan) 1 :1 using KOH catalyst 0.5 % and H2504 catalyst 0.5 %. Keywords: alkyl mono ethanol amide, surfactant, palm kernel oil, esterification, methyl ester, emulsifie