Probing analytical and numerical integrability: The curious case of (AdS5×S5)η(AdS_5\times S^5)_{\eta}

Motivated by recent studies related to integrability of string motion in various backgrounds via analytical and numerical procedures, we discuss these procedures for a well known integrable string background $(AdS_5\times S^5)_{\eta}$. We start by revisiting conclusions from earlier studies on string motion in $(\mathbb{R}\times S^3)_{\eta}$ and $(AdS_3)_{\eta}$ and then move on to more complex problems of $(\mathbb{R}\times S^5)_{\eta}$ and $(AdS_5)_{\eta}$. Discussing both analytically and numerically, we deduce that while $(AdS_5)_{\eta}$ strings do not encounter any irregular trajectories, string motion in the deformed five-sphere can indeed, quite surprisingly, run into chaotic trajectories. We discuss the implications of these results both on the procedures used and the background itself.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures, references updated, analysis for Spiky strings in section (4.1) have been revised, version to appear in JHE

On Marginal Deformations and Non-Integrability

We study the interplay between a particular marginal deformation of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory, the $\beta$ deformation, and integrability in the holographic setting. Using modern methods of analytic non-integrability of Hamiltonian systems, we find that, when the $\beta$ parameter takes imaginary values, classical string trajectories on the dual background become non-integrable. We expect the same to be true for generic complex $\beta$ parameter. By exhibiting the Poincar\'e sections and phase space trajectories for the generic complex $\beta$ case, we provide numerical evidence of strong sensitivity to initial conditions. Our findings agree with expectations from weak coupling that the complex $\beta$ deformation is non-integrable and provide a rigorous argument beyond the trial and error approach to non-integrability.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Non-integrability in non-relativistic theories

Generic non-relativistic theories giving rise to non-integrable string solutions are classified. Our analysis boils down to a simple algebraic condition for the scaling parameters of the metric. Particular cases are the Lifshitz and the anisotropic Lifshitz spacetimes, for which we find that for trivial dilaton dependence the only integrable physical theory is that for z=1. For the hyperscaling violation theories we conclude that the vast majority of theories are non-integrable, while only for a small class of physical theories, where the Fermi surfaces belong to, integrability is not excluded. Schrodinger theories are also analyzed and a necessary condition for non-integrability is found. Our analysis is also applied to cases where the exponential of the dilaton is a monomial of the holographic coordinate.Comment: 1+20 pages, v2:minor corrections, references adde

Finding nonlocal Lie symmetries algorithmically

Here we present a new approach to compute symmetries of rational second order ordinary differential equations (rational 2ODEs). This method can compute Lie symmetries (point symmetries, dynamical symmetries and non-local symmetries) algorithmically. The procedure is based on an idea arising from the formal equivalence between the total derivative operator and the vector field associated with the 2ODE over its solutions (Cartan vector field). Basically, from the formal representation of a Lie symmetry it is possible to extract information that allows to use this symmetry practically (in the 2ODE integration process) even in cases where the formal operation cannot be performed, i.e., in cases where the symmetry is nonlocal. Furthermore, when the 2ODE in question depends on parameters, the procedure allows an analysis that determines the regions of the parameter space in which the integrable cases are located

Strongly formal Weierstrass non-integrability for polynomial differential systems in C2

Recently a criterion has been given for determining the weakly formal Weierstrass non-integrability of polynomial differential systems in C2 . Here we extend this criterion for determining the strongly formal Weierstrass non-integrability which includes the weakly formal Weierstrass non-integrability of polynomial differential systems in C2 . The criterion is based on the solutions of the form y = f(x) with f(x) ∈ C[[x]] of the differential system whose integrability we are studying. The results are applied to a differential system that contains the famous force-free Duffing and the Duffing–Van der Pol oscillators.The first author is partially supported by a MINECO/ FEDER grant number MTM2017-84383- P and an AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) grant number 2017SGR-1276. The second author is partially supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant MTM2016-77278-P (FEDER) and grant MDM-2014-0445, the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca grant 2017SGR1617, and the H2020 European Research Council grant MSCA-RISE-2017-777911