The Computation of All 4R Serial Spherical Wrists With an Isotropic Architecture

International audienceA spherical wrist of the serial type with n revolute (R) joints is said to be isotropic if it can attain a posture whereby the singular values of its Jacobian matrix are all equal to sqrt(n/3). What isotropy brings about is robustness to manufacturing, assembly, and measurement errors, thereby guaranteeing a maximum orientation accuracy. In this paper we investigate the existence of redundant isotropic architectures, which should add to the dexterity of the wrist under design by virtue of its extra degree of freedom. The problem formulation, for , leads to a system of eight quadratic equations with eight unknowns. The Bezout number of this system is thus 2^8=256, its BKK bound being 192. However, the actual number of solutions is shown to be 32. We list all solutions of the foregoing algebraic problem. All these solutions are real, but distinct solutions do not necessarily lead to distinct manipulators. Upon discarding those algebraic solutions that yield no new wrists, we end up with exactly eight distinct architectures, the eight corresponding manipulators being displayed at their isotropic postures

Manipulator Performance Measures - A Comprehensive Literature Survey

Due to copyright restrictions of the publisher this item is embargoed and access to the file is restricted until a year after the publishing date.The final publication is available at www.springerlink.comPerformance measures are quintessential to the design, synthesis, study and application of robotic manipulators. Numerous performance measures have been defined to study the performance and behavior of manipulators since the early days of robotics; some more widely accepted than others, but their real significance and limitations have not always been well understood. The aim of this survey is to review the definition, classification, scope, and limitations of some of the widely used performance measures. This work provides an extensive bibliography that can be of help to researchers interested in studying and evaluating the performance and behavior of robotic manipulators. Finally, a few recommendations are proposed based on the review so that the most commonly noticed limitations can be avoided when new performance measures are proposed.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10846-014-0024-y

Parcours continus isotropes et surfaces isotropes de manipulateurs sériels

RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse traite des manipulateurs sériels en tant que chaînes cinématiques ouvertes simples. Plus précisément ce sont les parcours continus sur lesquels de tels manipulateurs gardent constamment une configuration isotrope qui sont l’objet de l’étude. La capacité d’un manipulateur à orienter et à déplacer son effecteur est un point déterminant pour la réalisation de tâches. Plus cette capacité est grande, meilleure sera la possibilité de réalisation des travaux par le manipulateur. La capacité maximale est atteinte à des configurations dites isotropes. Jusqu’à récemment, les seules configurations isotropes atteignables par les manipulateurs étaient des configurations isolées, ou des configurations que nous qualifions de triviales, c’est-à-dire des configurations issues de la rotation de la première articulation. L’apport nouveau de ce travail de recherche est de prouver l’existence de parcours isotropes non triviaux. Ainsi, plusieurs manipulateurs peuvent effectuer des tâches sur des parcours non ponctuels ou non circulaires avec une dextérité accrue loin des singularités. Des manipulateurs sériels ayant non seulement des parcours isotropes continus ont été déterminés, mais aussi des manipulateurs ayant des surfaces isotropes. Ces surfaces isotropes sont déterminées pour des manipulateurs sphériques et non sphériques. L’isotropie d’orientation et l’isotropie de position sont étudiées séparément, puis simultanément. Les différentes définitions de la dextérité des manipulateurs proposées depuis plus de deux décennies trouvent aussi par ce travail l’occasion d’un nouvel éclairage à travers le concept des articulations virtuelles introduites dans les chapitres 4 et 5. Le chapitre 2, qui fait suite à l’introduction et à la revue de littérature, traite du conditionnement et de l’isotropie. La plupart des résultats et exemples qui y sont exposés sont puisés dans la littérature et visent à montrer l’importance de ces notions qui sont utilisées comme fondement de ce travail de recherche.----------ABSTRACT This thesis deals with serial manipulators as simple opened kinematics chains.These are more precisely the continuous paths, upon which such manipulators always keep an isotropic configuration,that are the subject of the study. The capacity of a manipulator to direct and move its effector is a decisive point in carrying out tasks. Bigger is this capacity better will be the possibility for the manipulator to carry out tasks. The maximal capacity is reached for isotropic configurations. Until recently, the only reachable isotropic configurations by manipulators were isolated configurations, or configurations that we call trivial which means they result from the rotation of the first joint. The contribution of this thesis is to prove the existence of non trivial isotropic paths. Thus, many manipulators can perform tasks on non punctual or non circular paths with an improved dexterity far from singularities. Not only serials manipulators with contiunous isotropic paths have been found, but also manipulators with isotropic surfaces. These isotropic surfaces are determined for spherical and non spherical manipulators. The isotropy of orientation and isotropy of position are studied separately, then simultaneously. Through the concept of virtual joints introduced in chapter 4 and 5, this work is also the opportunity to bring a new clarification on the various definitions of manipulators dexterity that have been proposed for more than two decades. The chapter 2 which ensue from the introduction and related works deals with the conditioning and the isotropy. Most of the expounded results and examples are draged from related papers and aim at showing the importance of these notions which are used as a basis of this research. The chapter 3 proves an important result: the non existence of non trivial continuous isotropic paths for spherical manipulators with less than 6 joints

Kinematics and Robot Design II (KaRD2019) and III (KaRD2020)

This volume collects papers published in two Special Issues “Kinematics and Robot Design II, KaRD2019” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/robotics/special_issues/KRD2019) and “Kinematics and Robot Design III, KaRD2020” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/robotics/special_issues/KaRD2020), which are the second and third issues of the KaRD Special Issue series hosted by the open access journal robotics.The KaRD series is an open environment where researchers present their works and discuss all topics focused on the many aspects that involve kinematics in the design of robotic/automatic systems. It aims at being an established reference for researchers in the field as other serial international conferences/publications are. Even though the KaRD series publishes one Special Issue per year, all the received papers are peer-reviewed as soon as they are submitted and, if accepted, they are immediately published in MDPI Robotics. Kinematics is so intimately related to the design of robotic/automatic systems that the admitted topics of the KaRD series practically cover all the subjects normally present in well-established international conferences on “mechanisms and robotics”.KaRD2019 together with KaRD2020 received 22 papers and, after the peer-review process, accepted only 17 papers. The accepted papers cover problems related to theoretical/computational kinematics, to biomedical engineering and to other design/applicative aspects

Advances in Robot Kinematics : Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Advances in Robot Kinematics

International audienceThe motion of mechanisms, kinematics, is one of the most fundamental aspect of robot design, analysis and control but is also relevant to other scientific domains such as biome- chanics, molecular biology, . . . . The series of books on Advances in Robot Kinematics (ARK) report the latest achievement in this field. ARK has a long history as the first book was published in 1991 and since then new issues have been published every 2 years. Each book is the follow-up of a single-track symposium in which the participants exchange their results and opinions in a meeting that bring together the best of world’s researchers and scientists together with young students. Since 1992 the ARK symposia have come under the patronage of the International Federation for the Promotion of Machine Science-IFToMM.This book is the 13th in the series and is the result of peer-review process intended to select the newest and most original achievements in this field. For the first time the articles of this symposium will be published in a green open-access archive to favor free dissemination of the results. However the book will also be o↵ered as a on-demand printed book.The papers proposed in this book show that robot kinematics is an exciting domain with an immense number of research challenges that go well beyond the field of robotics.The last symposium related with this book was organized by the French National Re- search Institute in Computer Science and Control Theory (INRIA) in Grasse, France

Postprocesamiento CAM-ROBOTICA orientado al prototipado y mecanizado en células robotizadas complejas

The main interest of this thesis consists of the study and implementation of postprocessors to adapt the toolpath generated by a Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system to a complex robotic workcell of eight joints, devoted to the rapid prototyping of 3D CAD-defined products. It consists of a 6R industrial manipulator mounted on a linear track and synchronized with a rotary table. To accomplish this main objective, previous work is required. Each task carried out entails a methodology, objective and partial results that complement each other, namely: - It is described the architecture of the workcell in depth, at both displacement and joint-rate levels, for both direct and inverse resolutions. The conditioning of the Jacobian matrix is described as kinetostatic performance index to evaluate the vicinity to singular postures. These ones are analysed from a geometric point of view. - Prior to any machining, the additional external joints require a calibration done in situ, usually in an industrial environment. A novel Non-contact Planar Constraint Calibration method is developed to estimate the external joints configuration parameters by means of a laser displacement sensor. - A first control is originally done by means of a fuzzy inference engine at the displacement level, which is integrated within the postprocessor of the CAM software. - Several Redundancy Resolution Schemes (RRS) at the joint-rate level are compared for the configuration of the postprocessor, dealing not only with the additional joints (intrinsic redundancy) but also with the redundancy due to the symmetry on the milling tool (functional redundancy). - The use of these schemes is optimized by adjusting two performance criterion vectors related to both singularity avoidance and maintenance of a preferred reference posture, as secondary tasks to be done during the path tracking. Two innovative fuzzy inference engines actively adjust the weight of each joint in these tasks.Andrés De La Esperanza, FJ. (2011). Postprocesamiento CAM-ROBOTICA orientado al prototipado y mecanizado en células robotizadas complejas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10627Palanci