2017 Annual Report

https://digital.sandiego.edu/law_cai_annual/1019/thumbnail.jp

Navigating Copyright for Libraries

Much of the information that libraries make available is protected by copyright or subject to the terms of license agreements. This reader presents an overview of current issues in copyright law reform. The chapters present salient points, overviews of the law and legal concepts, selected comparisons of approaches around the world, significance of the topic, and opportunities for reform, advocacy, and other related resources

Newcomers as Agents for Social Change: Learning from the Italian Experience

This publication is a resource book for Social Workers engaging in the field of migration. It aims to, on the one hand, display facts about the living realities on the ground migrants and Social Workers active in the field are facing, circumstances presented by experienced practitioners and researchers of this field. On the other hand, it presents methods and approaches, extracting them from these experiences and reflections insights, relevant for Social Work and consequently, also significant for Social Work educational practice. The new challenges of the 21st century ask Social Work education for a change, adapting curricula towards more experienced based teaching practices, intercultural, participatory learning sites and exchange, and future oriented personal empowerment and resilience training. International Social Work could take on a transformational leading role, as our global security and well-being of tomorrow depends on the educational foundations laid down today

Mapping Scholarly Communication Infrastructure: A Bibliographic Scan of Digital Scholarly Communication Infrastructure

This bibliography scan covers a lot of ground. In it, I have attempted to capture relevant recent literature across the whole of the digital scholarly communications infrastructure. I have used that literature to identify significant projects and then document them with descriptions and basic information. Structurally, this review has three parts. In the first, I begin with a diagram showing the way the projects reviewed fit into the research workflow; then I cover a number of topics and functional areas related to digital scholarly communication. I make no attempt to be comprehensive, especially regarding the technical literature; rather, I have tried to identify major articles and reports, particularly those addressing the library community. The second part of this review is a list of projects or programs arranged by broad functional categories. The third part lists individual projects and the organizations—both commercial and nonprofit—that support them. I have identified 206 projects. Of these, 139 are nonprofit and 67 are commercial. There are 17 organizations that support multiple projects, and six of these—Artefactual Systems, Atypon/Wiley, Clarivate Analytics, Digital Science, Elsevier, and MDPI—are commercial. The remaining 11—Center for Open Science, Collaborative Knowledge Foundation (Coko), LYRASIS/DuraSpace, Educopia Institute, Internet Archive, JISC, OCLC, OpenAIRE, Open Access Button, Our Research (formerly Impactstory), and the Public Knowledge Project—are nonprofit.Andrew W. Mellon Foundatio

Embodied Archive

"Embodied Archive focuses on perceptions of disability and racial difference in Mexico’s early post-revolutionary period, from the 1920s to the 1940s. In this period, Mexican state-sponsored institutions charged with the education and health of the population sought to strengthen and improve the future of the nation, and to forge a more racially homogeneous sense of collective identity and history. Influenced by regional and global movements in eugenics and hygiene, Mexican educators, writers, physicians, and statesmen argued for the widespread physical and cognitive testing and categorization of schoolchildren, so as to produce an accurate and complete picture of “the Mexican child,” and to carefully monitor and control forms of unwanted difference, including disability and racialized characteristics. Differences were not generally marked for eradication—as would be the case in eugenics movements in the US, Canada, and parts of Europe—but instead represented possible influences from a historically distant or immediate reproductive past, or served as warnings of potential danger haunting individual or collective futures. Weaving between the historical context of Mexico’s post-revolutionary period and our present-day world, Embodied Archive approaches literary and archival documents that include anti-alcohol and hygiene campaigns; projects in school architecture and psychopedagogy; biotypological studies of urban schoolchildren and indigenous populations; and literary approaches to futuristic utopias or violent pasts.  It focuses in particular on the way disability is represented indirectly through factors that may have caused it in the past or may cause it in the future, or through perceptions and measurements that cannot fully capture it. In engaging with these narratives, the book proposes an archival encounter, a witnessing of past injustices and their implications for the disability of our present and future.

Intercountry adoption and alternative care in South Africa: a model for determining placement in the best interests of the child

The concept that the family forms the foundation of our society is well established in national and international law.1 The family unit provides a child with a sense of security and identity.2 Moreover, the family as a unit plays a pivotal role in the upbringing of children, enabling them to develop to their full potential.3 Children who have inadequate or no parental care are clearly at risk of being denied such a nurturing environment. The large number of orphaned children following the devastating effects of World War II highlighted the serious need for countries to consider appropriate alternative placement for such children.5 Recognising the importance of the family unit, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) expressly acknowledges the family as the “natural and fundamental group unit of society”.6 Article 16 of the UDHR further states that the family unit is entitled to protection by the state and society.7 However, the vulnerability of parents, families and children has been intensified by recent global, regional and national developments, including the global economic crisis, devastating consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, widespread poverty,8 unwanted pregnancies,9 child abandonment,10 rapid urbanisation, and the increased migration of adults and children into and within South Africa in search of economic and political refuge.11 In particular, the impact of the HIV pandemic on children in South Africa cannot be understated. South Africa has the largest percentage of HIV/AIDS-infected persons in the world, resulting in many children in South Africa being deprived of a family environment. The importance of family and the role it must play in caring for a child cannot be doubted, and both the national law of South Africa and international law bear testimony to this. Accordingly, it is understandable that the biological family remains the primary favoured unit of care for a child. Where, for whatever reason, the natural family fails or is unavailable to care for the child concerned, national and international law make provision for the care of an orphaned and/or abandoned child (OAC). Family forms are changing around the world, and South Africa is typical in several respects. Diverse family arrangements and household forms are recognised as providing a family-type environment for a South African child. In understanding the meaning of “family” in South Africa it must be noted that the family may extend beyond the biological parents of a child to a multi-generational network of people who are linked by blood, including grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Relationship can also include non-blood relationships as in the instance of relationship through the ties of marriage or ties of co-residence. Whilst not exclusive to South Africa, it must also be noted in South Africa under apartheid regime, policies and practices were designed specifically to protect the nuclear family. The Department of Social Development (DSD) drafted the White Paper on Families and this was approved in 2013. The White Paper made conscious strides in granting recognition to a diversity of family forms in South Africa. It departed from the assumptions held of Western or nuclear families only as a norm. It is in light of this diversity that the concept “family” must be read in this research. Consideration of placing a child in appropriate alternative care must be contemplated in light of the context of the human rights movement and the development and recognition of the rights of a child in his or her own right

Multimetal smithing : An urban craft in rural settings?

Multimetal smithing should be defined as the use of more than one metal and/or different metalworking techniques within thesame crafts-milieu. This complex metalworking has long been linked to centrality, central places and urbanity in Scandinavia.It has been extensively argued that fine casting and smithing, as well as manufacture utilizing precious metals was exclusivelyundertaken within early urban settings or the “central places” pre-dating these. Furthermore, the presence of complex metalcraftsmanship has been used as a driving indicator of the political, social and economic superiority of certain sites, therebyenhancing their identity as “centralities”.Recent research has come to challenge the universality of this link between urbanity, centrality and complex metalworkingas sites in rural settings with evidence of multimetal smithing are being identified. This shows that the relationship between thecraft and centrality (urbanity) must be nuanced and that perhaps multimetal craftsmanship should be reconsidered as an urbanindicator.The thesis project “From Crucible and onto Anvil” started in 2015 and focuses on sites housing remains of multimetalcraftsmanship dating primarily from 500-1000 AD. Within the project a comprehensive survey of sites will be used to evaluate thepresence of multimetal craftsmanship in the landscape. Sites in selected target areas will also be subject to intra-site analysisfocusing on workshop organisation, production output, metalworking techniques and chronological variances.A key aim in the project is to elucidate the conceptual aspects of complex metalworking. The term multimetality is used toanalytically frame all the societal and economic aspects of multimetal craftsmanship. Through this inclusive perspective both thecraftsmanship and the metalworkers behind it are positioned within the overall socioeconomic framework. The metalworkers,their skills and competences as well as the products of their labour are viewed as dynamic actors in the landscape and on thearenas of political economy of the Late Iron Age.The survey has already revealed interesting aspects concerning multimetal smithing and urbanity. Although the multimetalsites do cluster against areas of early urban development there are also other patterns emerging. Multimetal craftsmanship – both as practice and concept – was well represented in both rural peripheral settings and urban crafts-milieus. This means that therole of multimetality as part of an “urban conceptual package” is crucial to investigate. Such an approach will have the dual endsof properly understanding the craft and its societal implications, but also further the knowledge of the phenomenon of urbanityas a whole. Was multimetal smithing part of an “urban package” that spread into the rural landscape? Did the multimetality differbetween urban and rural crafts-milieus? How does early urbanity relate to the chronology of multimetal craftsmanship?This paper aims to counter these questions using examples from the survey of multimetal sites conducted within the thesisproject. A comparison between selected sites will be presented. The purpose of this is to evaluate the role of multimetality withinthe “urban package” and discuss the role of complex metalworking in the establishment of urban arenas of interaction in LateIron Age Scandinavia

A home of one’s own | Philosophical considerations on the issue of housing

While architects, social psychologists, anthropologists and historians have conceptualized it in varied ways, little has been made of the issue of housing in philosophy. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that many aspects of housing relate directly to fundamental philosophical concepts and questions. I revisit notions of justice, freedom, dignity, equality and privacy through the lens of the house, and make a case for bringing the issue of housing to salience in normative philosophical theorizing. Two simple questions thread their way through the text: What constitutes adequate housing? And, why does housing matter? As possible answers to these questions, I discuss significant characteristics of one’s house and use diverse case studies to highlight how such features are meaningfully entangled with ethics, morality, law and politics. I borrow and elaborate on the capability approach to identify features of the adequate house, which I situate within the contemporary landscape, weighing up clashing private, collective and common property rules. My hope – and my normative claim – is that viewed collectively, these features make evident that philosophers ought to consider the issue of housing seriously if they are to engage in conceptualizing and contributing to human welfare. In Chapter 1, I lay the conceptual grounds for an account of housing adequacy, working from the United Nations’ descriptions of the human right to housing and its associated provisions. I discuss the capability approach, stressing its focus on essential human functionings and wellbeing, and contrasting it with a basic needs approach: I do so to make the case that a human right to housing understood in terms of needs runs the risk of being minimally defined, thus limiting its defense in ways which conceal housing’s true importance. My argument is that housing is physical shelter plus other things that are personal and existentially significant: in Chapter 2, I look at actions which are enabled by adequate housing. The first section, “Considerations on the body”, emphasizes essential bodily doings and beings, and studies them in light of our established culture of property rights. The second section, “Considerations on the mind”, tackles the phenomenology of being housed, and makes an argument for its mind-related significance. Finally, to justify the human right to housing, I also have to show that the duties it would impose are identifiable and reasonably justifiable, and borne by a specific ensemble of addressees, people or agencies. This is what I set to do in Chapter 3. I identify and describe the housing-related duties and responsibilities which befall on States, municipal authorities and individuals. I then frame architects and professionals of the built environment as overlooked bearers of duties relating to the right to an adequate house. I conclude the research by offering a tentative definition of housing adequacy.Philosophy - Master's ThesisFILO350MAHF-FIL

Newcomers as Agents for Social Change: Learning from the Italian Experience

This publication is a resource book for Social Workers engaging in the field of migration. It aims to, on the one hand, display facts about the living realities on the ground migrants and Social Workers active in the field are facing, circumstances presented by experienced practitioners and researchers of this field. On the other hand, it presents methods and approaches, extracting them from these experiences and reflections insights, relevant for Social Work and consequently, also significant for Social Work educational practice. The new challenges of the 21st century ask Social Work education for a change, adapting curricula towards more experienced based teaching practices, intercultural, participatory learning sites and exchange, and future oriented personal empowerment and resilience training. International Social Work could take on a transformational leading role, as our global security and well-being of tomorrow depends on the educational foundations laid down today