Two Dimensional Analysis of MHD Generator by Means of Equivalent Circuit

The authors report on the method analyzing generally the MHD generator by means of the equivalent circuit including the negative resistance. At first, they divide the duct space into many space elements, and for each space element they derive the fundamental equivalent four-terminal circuit which satisfies the two-dimensional Ohm's law. Next, they make an attempt to apply the equivalent circuits to the typical MHD generators such as diagonal, Faraday and Hall generators considering the boundary layer in the duct and the wall leakage current. Using their analysis, the current density, Joul's heat, generated and output electrical powers, electrical efficiency etc. in the generator can be fairly easily calculated

Bipropellant and quadredundant valves, volume 1 Final report

Performance tests on bipropellant and quadredundant propellant valves for rocket engine

Numerical Approaches Towards the Galactic Synchrotron Emission

The Galactic synchrotron emission contains abundant physics of the magnetized Galactic interstellar medium and has a non-negligible influence on detecting the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic microwave background radiation and understanding the physics during the re-ionization epoch. To catch up with the growing precision in astrophysical measurements, we need not only better theoretical modelings, but also more powerful numerical simulations and analyzing pipelines for acquiring deeper understandings in both the Galactic environment and the origin of the Universe. In this dissertation, we focus on the Galactic synchrotron emission which involves the turbulent and magnetized interstellar medium and energetic cosmic-ray electrons. To study the Galactic synchrotron emission consistently we need a non-trivial Bayesian analyzer with specially designed likelihood function, a fast and precise radiative transfer simulator, and cosmic ray electron propagation solver. We first present version X of the hammurabi package, the HEALPix-based numeric simulator for Galactic polarized emission. Two fast methods are proposed for realizing divergence-free Gaussian random magnetic fields either on the Galactic scale where a field alignment and strength modulation are imposed or on a local scale where more physically motivated models like a parameterized magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence can be applied. Secondly, we present our effort in using the finite element method for solving the cosmic ray (electron) transport equation within the phase-space domain that has a number of dimensions varying from two to six. The numeric package BIFET is developed on top of the deal.ii library with support in the adaptive mesh refinement. Our first aim with BIFET is to build the basic framework that can support a high dimensional PDE solving. Finally, we introduce the work related to the complete design of IMAGINE, which is proposed particularly with the ensemble likelihood for inferring the distributions of Galactic components

Energy: A special bibliography with indexes, April 1974

This literature survey of special energy and energy related documents lists 1708 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1968, and December 31, 1973. Citations from International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA) and Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) are grouped according to the following subject categories: energy systems; solar energy; primary energy sources; secondary energy sources; energy conversion; energy transport, transmission, and distribution; and energy storage. The index section includes the subject, personal author, corporate source, contract, report, and accession indexes

Wave propagation and instabilities in a magnetized partially ionized gas under non-equilibrium conditions

Imperial Users onl

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Magnetohydrodynamic Augmented Propulsion Experiment

Over the past several years, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has engaged in the design and development of an experimental research facility to investigate the use of diagonalized crossed-field magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accelerators as a possible thrust augmentation device for thermal propulsion systems. In support of this effort, a three-dimensional numerical MHD model has been developed for the purpose of analyzing and optimizing accelerator performance and to aid in understanding critical underlying physical processes and nonideal effects. This Technical Memorandum fully summarizes model development efforts and presents the results of pretest performance optimization analyses. These results indicate that the MHD accelerator should utilize a 45deg diagonalization angle with the applied current evenly distributed over the first five inlet electrode pairs. When powered at 100 A, this configuration is expected to yield a 50% global efficiency with an 80% increase in axial velocity and a 50% increase in centerline total pressure

Stabilized finite element approximation of the incompressible MHD equations

No es frecuente encontrar un campo donde dos ramas principales de la Física estén involucradas. La Magnetohidrodinámica es uno de tales campos debido a que involucra a la Mecánica de Fluidos y al Electromagnetismo. Aun cuando puede parecer que esas dos ramas de la Física tienen poco en común, comparten similitudes en las ecuaciones que gobiernan los fenómenos involucrados en ellas. Las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes y las ecuaciones de Maxwell, ambas en la raíz de la Magnetohidrodinámica, tienen una condición de divergencia nula y es esta condición de divergencia nula sobre la velocidad del fluido y el campo magnético lo que origina algunos de los problemas numéricos que surgen en la modelación de los fenómenos donde el flujo de fluidos y los campos magnéticos están acoplados.El principal objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un algoritmo eficiente para la resolución mediante elementos finitos de las ecuaciones de la Magnetohidrodinámica de fluidos incompresibles.Para lograr esta meta, los conceptos básicos y las características de la Magnetohidrodinámica se presentan en una breve introducción informal.A continuación, se da una revisión completa de las ecuaciones de gobierno de la Magnetohidrodinámica, comenzando con las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes y las ecuaciones de Maxwell. Se discute la aproximación que da origen a las ecuaciones de la Magnetohidrodinámica y finalmente se presentan las ecuaciones de la Magnetohidrodinámica.Una vez que las ecuaciones de gobierno de la Magnetohidrodinámica han sido definidas, se presentan los esquemas numéricos desarrollados, empezando con la linealización de las ecuaciones originales, la formulación estabilizada y finalmente el esquema numérico propuesto. En esta etapa se presenta una prueba de convergencia.Finalmente, se presentan los ejemplos numéricos desarrollados durante este trabajo.Estos ejemplos pueden dividirse en dos grupos: ejemplos numéricos de comparación y ejemplos de internes tecnológico. Dentro del primer grupo están incluidas simulaciones del flujo de Hartmann y del flujo sobre un escalón. El segundo grupo incluye simulaciones del flujo en una tobera de inyección de colada continua y el proceso Czochralski de crecimiento de cristales.It is not frequent to find a field where two major branches of Physics are involved. Magnetohydrodynamics is one of such fields because it involves Fluid Mechanics and Electromagnetism. Although those two branches of Physics can seem to have little in common, they share similarities in the equations that govern the phenomena involved. The Navier-Stokes equations and the Maxwell equations, both at the root of Magnetohydrodynamics, have a divergence free condition and it is this divergence free condition over the velocity of the fluid and the magnetic field what gives origin to some of the numerical problems that appear when approximating the equations that model the phenomena where fluids flow and magnetic fields are coupled.The main objective of this work is to develop an efficient finite element algorithm for the incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics equations.In order to achieve this goal the basic concepts and characteristics of Magnetohydrodynamics are presented in a brief and informal introduction.Next, a full review of the governing equations of Magnetohydrodynamics is given, staring from the Navier-Stokes equations and the Maxwell equations. The MHD approximation is discussed at this stage and the proper Magnetohydrodynamics equations for incompressible fluid are reviewed.Once the governing equations have been defined, the numerical schemes developed are presented, starting with the linearization of the original equations, the stabilization formulations and finally the numerical scheme proposed. A convergence test is shown at this stage.Finally, the numerical examples performed while this work was developed are presented. These examples can be divided in two groups: numerical benchmarks and numerical examples of technological interest. In the first group, the numerical simulations for the Hartmann flow and the flow over a step are included. The second group includes the simulation of the clogging in a continuous casting nozzle and Czochralski crystal growth process.Postprint (published version