A operação de logística reversa de resíduos sólidos pós-consumo de produtos eletrônicos de uso doméstico no Brasil

Purpose: The general objective of this research is to present a framework aimed at structuring the operation of the RLS – Reverse Logistics System in the context of the post-consumer solid waste of products electrical and electronics segment in Brazil. Design/Methodology/Approach: Exploratory research qualitative, operationalized through individual interviews with a semi-structured approach, with fourteen respondents, in addition to documentary research. Findings: The cost for the operation of this structure must also be treated as a critical point for the success of this system, mainly due to the lack of a vision focused on the circular economy of EEE – Electrical Equipment and Electronics. Implications for theory and practice: The study addressed some research gaps in relation to post-consumer reverse logistics. Regarding practical implementations, the development of a framework for the operacionalization of RLS stands out, and the evidence of this research concerns the lack of alignment, on the part of manufacturers and importers on issues related to EEE reverse logistics issues. Originality/Value: An emphasis on an advanced view of how to treat the solid waste consumer electronics segment (EEE) in Brazil.Objetivo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é apresentar um framework voltado para a estruturação da operação do SLR – Sistema de Logística Reversa no contexto do segmento de resíduos sólidos pós-consumo de produtos eletroeletrônicos no Brasil. Desenho/Metodologia/Abordagem: Pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, operacionalizada por meio de entrevistas individuais com abordagem semiestruturada, com quatorze respondentes, além de pesquisa documental. Conclusões: O custo para operação desta estrutura também deve ser tratado como ponto crítico para o sucesso deste sistema, principalmente pela falta de uma visão voltada para a economia circular de EEE – Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos. Implicações para teoria e prática: O estudo abordou algumas lacunas de pesquisa em relação à logística reversa pós-consumo. Em relação às implicações práticas, destaca-se o desenvolvimento de um framework para implementação do RLS, e a evidência desta pesquisa diz respeito à falta de alinhamento, por parte dos fabricantes e importadores, nas questões relacionadas à logística reversa de EEE. Originalidade/Valor: Ênfase em uma visão avançada sobre como tratar os resíduos sólidos do segmento de eletroeletrônicos (EEE) no Brasil

A Methodology for Assessing Eco-efficiency in Logistics Networks

Recent literature on sustainable logistics networks points to two important questions: (i) How to spot the preferred solution(s) balancing environmental and business concerns? (ii) How to improve the understanding of the trade-offs between these two dimensions? We posit that a complete exploration of the efficient frontier and trade-offs between profitability and environmental impacts are particularly suitable to answer these two questions. In order to deal with the exponential number of basic efficient points in the frontier, we propose a formulation that performs in exponential time for the number of objective functions only. We illustrate our findings by designing a complex recycling logistics network in Germany.Eco-efficiency;Environmental impacts;Profitability;Recycling logistics network

Current waste generation of e-waste and challenges in developing countries: an overview

The rapid growth of in information and telecommunication technology ((ICT) has led to the improvement in the capacity of computers but simultaneously decrease the product lifetime which contribute to rapid amount of e-waste. This paper reviews about electric and electronic waste (e-waste) challenges faced by developing countries. There were several challenges such as awareness of citizen, existing of informal sector, financing problem as well as regulation of developing countries itself. Informal sectors are most active in waste recycling in developing countries because the profits made from the resale of recovered materials. They do not have an issue how to deal with the environment as long as they got the valuable and precious material from e-waste. Moreover, a lack of financial program forms a major drawback as e-waste treatment requires costly and advanced technology. Current e-waste generation keeps increasing in developing countries such as India, China, and Malaysia. The recovery facilities have increased tremendously as a result from the generation itself. Therefore, social approaches and technical approaches are both needed in order to minimize the problem. Social approaches are changing the public behaviour by improving community through training and encouragement of partnerships in e-waste management

A Methodology for Assessing Eco-efficiency in Logistics Networks

Recent literature on sustainable logistics networks points to two important questions: (i) How to spot the preferred solution(s) balancing environmental and business concerns? (ii) How to improve the understanding of the trade-offs between these two dimensions? We posit that a complete exploration of the efficient frontier and trade-offs between profitability and environmental impacts are particularly suitable to answer these two questions. In order to deal with the exponential number of basic efficient points in the frontier, we propose a formulation that performs in exponential time for the number of objective functions only. We illustrate our findings by designing a complex recycling logistics network in Germany

Operational Practices of Lean Manufacturing: Potentiating Environmental Improvements

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to investigate how environmental improvements can be achieved through operational practices of Lean Manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach: A literature review was conducted to analyze the relationship between operational practices of Lean and reduction of environmental impact in organizational contexts. Verified theoretically, this relationship was observed in a company of the electronics industry, through an exploratory research which contemplated a mixed approach. The adopted research method consisted of a single case study, by providing greater depth and detail of the study. Utilized a research protocol, validated pilot test. The instruments for data collection were semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis. The information was examined qualitatively considering the technique for content analysis. Findings: As a result of the study, it was found that there is evidence for the existence of relationship between the practices of Lean, for example, Kaizen, PDCA (plan, do, check, act), Ishikawa Diagram, Poka-Yoke, and Standardized Work, with the reduction of environmental impacts of an organization. This reduction was observed after application of these practices that resulted in the reduction of energy consumption and water consumption. These results were accounted for financially, contributing to a reduction of annual costs by about US$ 17,900. Originality/value: The study presents in detail, the application of operational practices of Lean Manufacturing, with an effective view to reducing the environmental impact and cost reduction. The literature review, a detailed description of the application process and financial results are important information that contributes to the scientific studies that address traditional operating practices and the search for better environmental performance.Peer Reviewe

Smart systems for monitoring buildings - an IoT application

Life in society has initiated a search for comfort and security in social centers. This search generated revolutions within the knowledge about the technologies involved, making the environments automated and integrated. Along with this increase, ecological concerns have also arisen, which have been involved since the design of intelligent buildings, remaining through the years of their use. Based on these two pillars, the present study aims to monitor three central systems inside the apartments of the Apolo Building (Bragan¸cacity, Portugal). The electrical energy consumption, water flow, and waste disposal systems are integrated through a single database. The data is sent remotely via WiFi through the microcontroller. For better visualization and analytics of the data, a web application is also developed, which allows for real-time monitoring. The obtained results demonstrate to the consumer his behavior regarding household expenses. The idea of showing the consumer their expenditure is to create an ecological awareness. Through the data collected and the environmental alternatives found, it is possible to observe whether there was a behavior change when receiving this data, either in the short or long term.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CeDRI (UIDB/05757/2020 and UIDP/05757/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021). Thadeu Brito was supported by FCT PhD grant SFRH/BD/08598 /2020 and João Braun received the support of a fellowship from ”la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) with code LCF/BQ/DI20/11780028.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Computer waste management and awareness

Increasing volume of discarded electric and electrical waste (e-waste) in waste stream is one of the critical environmental issues faced by many countries. A survey was conducted in 2014 and 2015 at Johor Bahru Tengah (Western Zone) namely Skudai, Gelang Patah, Kangkar Pulai, Lima Kedai and Ulu Choh covering 600 public respondents and 65 randomly selected retailers. The objectives of the study were to identify the awareness among public and retailers on the management of computer waste as well as to estimates recycled computer waste. It is aimed at developing profiles of recyclers among public and computer retailers. Collected data were analysed using Predictive Analytics Software (PASW). Even though awareness on environmental risk of computer waste for both public and retailers were high, it did not reflect in their handling. Based on bivariate analysis, education was found to be significant at 99 percent confident level (p<0.01) in affecting awareness level. However for retailers, both the role of education and working experience were significant (i.e., p<0.01). Respondents with higher income and education tend to have higher awareness on effect of computer wastes towards environmental hazards. The awareness on valuable materials in e-waste was due to working experience and education. Total computer waste collected within the study time frame at the study areas were approximately 1,219 kg. Shops generated 658 kg of computer wastes within five months in 2014 and 561 kg in six months in 2015 (with an average of 131.6 kg per month in 2014 and 93.5 kg in 2015). As a result, the study indicated a high potential for computer waste recycling in the study areas. The study can help the authority in terms of providing a database needed to estimate e-waste generation in other regions as well as developing appropriate policies and facilities to improve e-waste management

Intelligent and predictive maintenance in manufacturing systems

In recent years manufacturing companies have been facing a major shift in the manufacturing requirements, for example the shift in demand for highly customized products resulting in a shorter product life cycle, rather than the traditional mass production of standardized products. As a consequence of the change, the enterprises are facing the need to adapt, forcing all sectors of the manufacturing activity to move accordingly. Maintenance is one of the major activities in manufacturing as it highly influences production productivity and quality, and has a direct impact on production cost and customer satisfaction. Nowadays, corrective and scheduled maintenance are widely implemented. However, the manufacturing world need to adapt to this new reality by implementing new, intelligent and innovative maintenance systems capable of predicting in advance possible failures. Lately, predictive maintenance systems and tools have been developed and continue to be studied and improved. However, companies do not have enough trust on these systems to fully rely on them. Considering all these aspects, the work developed on this thesis introduces a system architecture for an intelligent predictive maintenance system based on the Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) to be used in the Catraport case study, focusing particularly on the development of the monitoring module of the system architecture. This module comprises a tool developed by using Node-RED that displays the collected data alongside with the warnings triggered by cross-checking the incoming data with implemented decision rules, through the use of graphics and text. Additionally, an Android mobile application was also developed to allow consulting remotely the operating state of the assets.Nos últimos anos, as empresas de manufatura têm enfrentado uma grande mudança nos requisitos de fabrico, nomeadamente, na procura por produtos altamente personalizados, resultando num ciclo de vida do produto mais curto, contrariamente à tradicional produção em massa de produtos padronizados. Como consequência desta mudança, as empresas, bem como todos os setores da atividade de manufatura, enfrentam a necessidade de se adaptar. A manutenção é uma das principais atividades de fabrico, visto que influência fortemente a produtividade e a qualidade da produção, e tem um impacto direto no custo do produto e na satisfação do cliente. Atualmente, as estratégias de manutenção corretiva e programada são amplamente implementadas. No entanto, o mundo da manufatura precisa de se adaptar à nova realidade, implementando sistemas de manutenção novos, inteligentes e inovadores, capazes de prever possíveis falhas. Ultimamente, os sistemas e ferramentas de manutenção preditiva têm sido desenvolvidos e continuam a ser estudados e melhorados. No entanto, as empresas não possuem confiança suficiente nesses sistemas para os implementar nas suas instalações. Considerando todos esses aspetos, o trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação introduz uma arquitetura para um sistema inteligente de manutenção preditiva baseado na técnica Condition- Based Maintenance (CBM) a ser usado no estudo de caso da Catraport, focando-se particularmente no desenvolvimento do módulo de monitorização da arquitetura. Este módulo compreende uma ferramenta desenvolvida com recurso ao Node-RED que exibe os dados colecionados. Adicionalmente são apresentados avisos originados pelo cruzamento dos dados recebidos com as regras de decisão implementadas. Além disso, uma aplicação móvel Android também foi desenvolvida para permitir a consulta remota o estado operacional dos equipamentos

Gestão da sustentabilidade ambiental no final do ciclo de vida do produto: um estudo baseado na linha branca

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, 2011Preocupações ambientais referentes à degradação do meio ambiente, causada pela produção industrial, têm gerado discussões em vários setores da sociedade. Em direção a estas tendências um grande número de métodos e processos tem sido aplicado no setor produtivo, buscando assim reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados pela produção. Estes conceitos buscam a idéia de sustentabilidade, mais especificamente em seu aspecto ambiental. Porém, além da aplicação destes processos e métodos é também necessário medir, avaliar e gerenciá-los, procurando assim a melhoria de sua aplicação. Nesse sentido, o trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação tem como objetivo criar um conjunto de indicadores que sirva de subsídio para a gestão da sustentabilidade ambiental no final do ciclo de vida do produto. Estes indicadores foram criados a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos em publicações científicas e em um estudo exploratório com especialistas, buscando estabelecer indicadores especificamente para a gestão do final do ciclo de vida de refrigeradores. Ao final do trabalho foi possível estabelecer um conjunto de dezoito indicadores, que além de poderem ser aplicados neste setor específico citado, também podem ser utilizados para outros tipos de produtos