Simulador logístico

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.Trata-se de um simulador para treinamento em logística, focalizando o "trade-off" estoques x transportes, com foco especial no custo da falta, por até 99 rodadas (ou dias), em que o operador escolhe quantidades e formas de transportes para atender a uma determinada demanda de mercado, procurando o menor custo logístico total. A modalidade de ensino escolhida se fundamenta na maior interatividade do aluno com o problema face constar, o ambiente, de desafios e riscos, que estimulam a percepção e a dedicação ao tema. Contém um programa de computador de nome LOGSIM que sistematiza o uso do modelo, possibilitando o preenchimento de dados de quantidades de materiais para atendimento a uma demanda de mercado, sendo computados os diversos custos de cada rodada, como custos de transportes (aéreo, rodoviário, ferroviário e hidroviário), envolvendo tempos de entrega e riscos (confiabilidade) distintos, custos de estoques, custos da falta, em contrapartida com o atendimento à demanda apresentada. A solução de menor custo total significa a maior eficiência obtida. O sistema permite a variação de parâmetros ao longo das rodadas de simulação, visando causar a necessidade de adaptações de critérios de formação de estoques e riscos sobre a falta, com o intuito de incentivar a análise permanente da situação. Projetado para ser um simulador de uso isolado (um indivíduo) ou múltiplo (várias pessoas), pode ser, adicionalmente, trabalhado como se fosse um jogo, com os cuidados que este tipo de aplicação requer

A methodology to assess and manage material and machine tool risks for a manufacturer

Globalization and competition have forced manufacturers to analyze their processes to minute levels in order to improve the quality and on-time delivery of the product. Due to the increased complexity of manufacturing and the associated supply chain, a wide range of additional risk factors have been introduced that impact the manufacturing processes. A process that is constantly exposed to such risks may not be able to meet customer expectations such as the on-time delivery of products. Extensive research has been done on enhancing the capabilities of the manufacturing processes. However the focus of this effort is to develop a methodology to manage risks that have a high impact on the process lead time and will enhance the ability to sustain process performance. The purpose of this study is to identify key risks associated with manufacturing and develop a framework to assist manufacturers mitigate the risks resulting in increasing the manufacturing lead time. The framework takes on the format of an assessment that investigates the multiple risk dimensions associated with material and tooling. Inputs to the assessments are confidence interval of 95%. Finally a mathematical analysis using AHP is done for prioritization of risk mitigation activities. A case study is presented to the methodology

Evaluation of personal computer-based software for analyzing northwest harvest systems

The Northwest timber industry is in a transition to a smallwood harvest environment. As the Northwest moves to smaller average diameter stands log values have decreased and harvest costs have increased. In an effort to increase profitability, Northwest loggers are beginning to "mechanize". The profitable operation of a mechanized harvest system is sensitive to changing market and stand variables. Because of this there is an increased need for strategic planning by land and business managers. Computers are an efficient tool for performing the repetitive and often tedious calculations involved in harvest system analysis. Computers also enable analysts to perform sensitivity analysis and answer "What if" questions. This report identifies the existing personal computer-based software capable of performing as an analysis tool for Northwest timber harvest operations. It evaluates each by comparing them to a specific set of evaluation criteria after running each using four example harvest systems. The three harvest operation analysis programs evaluated by this paper are : LOGSIM (Wiese 1987), The Harvest System Analyzer, HSA (Hendricks et.al. 1986), and The Auburn Harvesting Analyzer, AHA (Tufts et.al. 1985). The following conclusions were drawn upon competition of the analysis. All three programs can be used to model harvest operations in the Pacific Northwest, yet.none will meet the needs of planners at all levels. HSA and AHA make assumptions that do not accurately reflect harvest methods used in the Pacific Northwest, therefor L.OGSIM is the only program that can be recommended for modeling Pacific Northwest harvest systems. L.OGSIM's use is limited by its sophistication, long solution times, and limited sources for detailed input data, particularly production data for mechanized harvesting equipment. For this reason more production data needs to be collected and the currently available data centralized. Finally after making the above observations it must be concluded that, the application of computer-based harvest system analysis in the Pacific Northwest, has not progressed to a point where it is available for use other than by skilled analysts

An Overview about Emerging Technologies of Autonomous Driving

Since DARPA started Grand Challenges in 2004 and Urban Challenges in 2007, autonomous driving has been the most active field of AI applications. This paper gives an overview about technical aspects of autonomous driving technologies and open problems. We investigate the major fields of self-driving systems, such as perception, mapping and localization, prediction, planning and control, simulation, V2X and safety etc. Especially we elaborate on all these issues in a framework of data closed loop, a popular platform to solve the long tailed autonomous driving problems

NASA Tech Briefs, Fall 1980

Topics include: NASA TU Services: Technology Utilization services that can assist you in learning about and applying NASA technology; New Product Ideas: A summary of selected innovatio.ns of value to manufacturers for the development of new products; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Life Sciences; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences

Concept Development to Control Non-value Added Logistical Costs in a Primary Aluminium Casthouse by Interfacing Linear Optimization and Simulation

After the financial crisis in 2008, demand reduction especially from the automotive in-dustry and changes in CO2 tax regulations which increased the energy prices the alu-minium industry forced to review and reduce its operational expenditure. High energy consumption in the production of primary aluminium dedicates most of the efforts on technological development onto the electrolysis unit. However, other units of a smelter also have the potential to improve their operational efficiency. In this thesis, the focus is on the casthouse unit of the smelter. The aim of this research is to quantify and reduce the non-value added logistical costs in the aluminium industry’s supply chain. This re-search attempts to simulate the internal supply chain of a primary aluminium casthouse and identify the wastes by implementing a lean thinking approach. After highlighting the possible improvements, optimization models attempt to reduce these wastes which create non-value added costs to the system. This concept is further developed by inter-facing the simulation model with the optimization model to validate the improvements. The success of the concept is tested by measuring the reduction in redundant logistical costs of a case study founded on the real casthouse specifications. Scenarios are defined to analyze the casthouse supply chain under different perspectives. The potential gain of the new concept is verified by applying it to these scenarios. In conclusion, the results analysis of the scenarios indicates the success of the main objective of this research; to develop a new concept that controls the non-value added logistical costs in the primary aluminium casthouse supply chain

Proceedings of the Space Shuttle Integrated Electronics Conference, volume 3

Proceedings of space shuttle integrated electronics conference with emphasis on data systems design - Vol.

Management games - a powerful tool to teach competence and knowledge?

Übergeordnetes Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit war es, der Frage nachzugehen ob Planspiele ein wichtiges Medium in der Management Ausbildung sind um Kompetenz und Wissen zu erlernen und zu vermitteln. Planspiele weisen unterschiedliche Charakteristiker auf. Sie können entweder ein gesamtes Unternehmen oder einen Teilbereich betreffen, können simpel oder komplex sein, interaktiv oder nicht interaktiv und können entweder manuell oder über den Computer gespielt werden. (Watson and Blackstone 1981) Planspiele werden in verschiedenen Bereichen und aus verschiedenen Gründen gespielt. Zum Großteil aus Lehrzwecken, da mit der Planspielmethode enorme Lerneffekte erzielt werden können. Andere Gründe können Personalevaluierung oder Forschung von menschlichen Verhalten und Gruppenverhalten sein (Watson and Blackstone 1981). Die erste Forschungsfrage sollte klären ob Planspiele schon eine lange Geschichte haben oder ein aktuelles Phänomen darstellen. Die Literatur zeigte, dass als direkter Vorfahre von Planspielen gilt Schach und geht bis 3000 v.Chr. zurück. Erste Versionen von „Kriegsschach“ gab es 1000 v.Chr. (Lane 1995). Spieltheorie, automatische Datenverarbeitung und Operations Research verhalfen Planspielen in den 50er Jahre zum Durchbruch. Das erste Planspiel der Moderne wurde von der US Air Force 1959 entwickelt und hieß „Monopologs“. Für den Planspieleinsatz im Wirtschaftsbereich erwähnt die Literatur als erste Spiele die „Top Management Decision Simulation“, das „Top Management Decision Game“ und das „Business Management Game“ (Faria und Wellington 2004). Auch konnte der Trend, Planspiele über das Internet zu spielen, identifiziert werden. Durch das Medium Internet wurden Planspiele als Lernmethode noch beliebter (Cook and Cook 2005). Vorteile wie Kommunikation unabhängig von Raum und Zeit und der Zugang zu multimedialer Information machte Planspiele noch attraktiver. Des Weiteren sollte der Frage nachgegangen werden welche Vorteile die Planspielmethode gegenüber klassischen Lernmethoden hat in der Vermittlung von Kompetenz und Wissen. Die Literatur zeigte, dass durch das Spielen von Planspielen unter anderem wirtschaftliches Know-How, vernetztes Denken, Entscheidungsfindung in komplexen Situationen aber auch Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit Menschen gestärkt und gefördert werden können. Durch das Spielen in einer simulierten Welt haben Fehlentscheidungen keine Auswirkungen wie in der realen Welt. (Faria and Dickinson 1994) Des Weiteren wurde in der vorliegende Diplomarbeit eine Klassifizierung von Planspielen mit den Attributen „Generelle Merkmale“, „Anwendungsbereich“, „Zielgruppe“, „Entscheidungen“, „Kommunikationsmittel“ und „Evaluierung“ kreiert. Insgesamt wurden 64 Spiele klassifiziert von denen 27 den Gesundheitswesenbereich betreffen. Die Klassifizierung und Analyse der allgemeinen Planspiele hat gezeigt, dass die Hälfte der 36 Spiele im „Generellen Planspielbereich“ anzutreffen sind. Fast jedes Planspiel nutzt den Computer als Hauptkommunikationsmittel und ein Drittel der Spiele enthält die Fähigkeit über das Internet gespielt zu werden. Hauptanwendungsfelder der funktionalen Planspiele sind die Bereiche Marketing, der Finanz und Logistik. Die letzte Forschungsfrage ging der Etablierung von Planspielen im Gesundheitswesen nach. Die Literatur zeigte, dass Planspiele im Gesundheitswesen zwar vorhanden sind, jedoch nicht so etabliert sind wie in Marketing, Finanz oder Logistik. Die Analyse der Planspiele im Gesundheitswesen hat gezeigt dass nur 10 der 27 Spiele generelle Planspiele sind. Die Mehrheit der Spiele weisen einen funktionellen Charakter auf und beinhalten das Management von einzelnen Stationen, das Managen von Krankheiten, Pharmazie und den Pflegebereich. Jedoch wurde nur drei der untersuchten Planspiele auch über das Internet gespielt welches verdeutlicht, dass hier die Wichtigkeit dieses Mediums noch nicht so bekannt ist wie in den klassischen Anwendungsbereichen. In dieser Arbeit hat sich gezeigt dass es sehr viele Planspiele gibt und in vielen Bereichen der Wirtschaft, aber auch im Gesundheitswesen, Anwendung finden. Das Medium Internet sollte für Planspiele in jeglichem Bereich als Hauptkommunikationsmittel eingesetzt werden da es den Teilnehmern die Möglichkeit bietet mit Menschen aus der ganzen Welt Erfahrung und Wissen auszutauschen.Main goal of the present diploma thesis was to discuss if management games are an important and powerful tool in management education to teach competence and knowledge. Management games show different characteristics. They can be general or functional, simple or complex, interactive or non-interactive, deterministic or probabilistic and played over the computer or manually scored (Watson and Blackstone 1981) Management games are played for several reasons. Most games are played for teaching effects because they provide incredible opportunities for learning. Optimal strategies can be found in operational gaming and transferred into the real world. Another purpose of games is to evaluate personnel and to research group and human behaviour (Watson and Blackstone 1981). First research issue referred to the question if management games have a historical background or if they are a current phenomena. Searching for the history of business games, literature shows that chess is the direct ancestor of business games (3000 B.C.). Early examples of so-called “war games” occurred around 1000 B.C. and were played for diversion purposes (Lane 1995). Through game theory, automatic data processing and operations research, modern management games began around 1950. The first one was “Monopologs” , a military-oriented business game and was developed by the United States Air Force. Business management games began being used around 1956, with the most important being the “Top Management Decision Simulation“, the “Top Management Decision Game“ and the “Business Management Game” (Faria and Wellington 2004). Furthermore the diploma thesis should identify trends which lead to the assumption that this management education method will be an important one in future too and is not a current phenomena. Literature showed an emerging trend in playing management games over the internet. Whereas the first generation of management games were mainframe-based, the second generation grew popular with the introduction and the development of desktop microcomputers. The third generation emerged with the development and the widespread use of the Internet (Cook and Cook 2005). Because of the interaction and communication across distances and time as well as the access to multimedia information, the Internet is an attractive tool for playing management games (Martin 2003) Another core question of that thesis was to identify advantages that make this kind of learning method unique in comparison to others and therefore an important tool in management education. Literature showed that most important goals of playing them are to enhance economic know-how, to train soft skills in intercultural team work, to develop of decision-making ability in complex situations and to increase cross-linked thinking (Kern 2003). Through management games, participants learn to make decisions in different areas of management in a simulated world, where wrong decisions are not punished like in a real-world setting. Management games also help to obtain a more global view of the daily business of managers (Faria and Dickinson 1994). In addition, a taxonomy for classifying management games was developed in this diploma thesis, including general classification attributes, application areas, target groups, decisions, media of communication and evaluation. 36 management games in different business disciplines and 27 management games in health care were studied and classified. Classification and analysis show, among other things, that half of the 36 management games studied were general ones and nearly every game is played on the computer. One-third can be played over the Internet. Main application areas of functional games are marketing, finance and logistics. Last research question referred to management games in health care sector. Literature showed indeed an emerging trend of management games in that sector but it can also be concluded that games are not as established as in marketing, finance or logistics. Studying 27 health care games, it can be observed that 10 out of 27 games are general management games. Functional ones refer to department management, disease management, pharmacy and nursing. Half of the studied games are computer-based but just three can be played over the Internet. This diploma thesis shows that management games are played in nearly every area. Future research in management games should expand the possibilities of playing management games over the Internet so that people from all over the world can exchange knowledge and experience

Simulation und Planspiel in der Bauwirtschaft - Entwurf eines modulorientierten Modellierungsansatzes auf Basis von System Dynamics und dessen prototypische Implementierung in Forschung und Lehre

The development and application of simulations with the purpose to explore systems and their innate, partly dynamic structures has established itself, among others, in the areas of natural sciences, business studies and political sciences. This similarly applies to business games used in the field of further education to support understanding of complex relationships, especially in business studies. Both always have a model in common which serves as starting point for the development. Hence, the aim of this research project is the development and practical testing of a module-oriented modeling approach, which can be used both in the simulation of multi-causal and dynamic relationships on different levels of the construction industry and in educational games employed in academic and further education. Out of this primary aim, numerous research contributions emerged in the field of modeling, simulation and educational games. The successful conceptual design of a module-oriented development framework for domain specific system-dynamic libraries (SDL approach) demonstrates that it is quite reasonable and possible to connect the development of simulations and business games. Thereby, knowledge synergies are created which enable the interdisciplinary development of simulations and business games. Compared to other fields, significantly less implementations of simulations or business games exist in the construction industry. Therefore, the approach introduced here can provide a valuable contribution to promote further developments, e.g. the explanation of the risk situation of a company, the identification and evaluation of project risks, endangered operational procedures on various functional levels or to improve the understanding of the decision making process in detail.Die Entwicklung und Anwendung von Simulationen mit dem Ziel, Systeme mit ihren teils dynamischen Strukturen zu erforschen hat sich unter anderem in den Bereichen Naturwissenschaften, Betriebswirtschaftslehre und Politikwissenschaften etabliert. Ähnliches gilt für Planspiele, welche auf dem Gebiet der Weiterbildung, vor allem in in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, zum Verständnis komplexer Zusammenhänge beitragen. Beiden gemein ist immer ein Modell, welches als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung dient. Daher hat dieses Forschungsprojekt die Entwicklung und praktische Erprobung eines modulorientierten Modellierungsansatzes zum Ziel, welcher sowohl in der Simulation von multikausalen und dynamischen Beziehungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Bauwirtschaft als auch in Planspielen in der akademischen Aus- und Weiterbildung verwendet werden kann. Neben diesem vorrangigen Ziel entstanden weitere zahlreiche Forschungsbeiträge auf den Gebieten Modellierung, Simulation und Planspiel. Die erfolgreiche Konzeption eines modulorientierten Entwicklungsrahmens für domänenspezifische system-dynamische Bausteinbibliotheken (SDL-Ansatz) zeigt, dass es durchaus sinnvoll und möglich ist, die Entwicklung von Simulationen und Planspielen zu verbinden. Dabei werden Synergien geschaffen, welche die interdisziplinäre Entwicklung von Simulationen und Planspielen ermöglichen. Im Vergleich zu anderen Bereichen existieren in der Bauindustrie deutlich weniger Implementierungen von Simulationen oder Planspielen. Daher kann der hier vorgestellte Ansatz einen wertvollen Beitrag liefern, um die weitere Entwicklung zu fördern. Zum Beispiel bei der Erklärung der Risikolage eines Unternehmens, der Identifikation und Bewertung von Projektrisiken oder gefährdeter Betriebsabläufe auf verschiedenen Funktionsebenen oder auch um das Verständnis für Entscheidungsprozesse im Detail zu verbessern