372 research outputs found
Waveform Design for 5G and beyond Systems
5G traffic has very diverse requirements with respect to data rate, delay, and reliability. The concept of using multiple OFDM numerologies adopted in the 5G NR standard will likely meet these multiple requirements to some extent. However, the traffic is radically accruing different characteristics and requirements when compared with the initial stage of 5G, which focused mainly on high-speed multimedia data applications. For instance, applications such as vehicular communications and robotics control require a highly reliable and ultra-low delay. In addition, various emerging M2M applications have sparse traffic with a small amount of data to be delivered. The state-of-the-art OFDM technique has some limitations when addressing the aforementioned requirements at the same time. Meanwhile, numerous waveform alternatives, such as FBMC, GFDM, and UFMC, have been explored. They also have their own pros and cons due to their intrinsic waveform properties. Hence, it is the opportune moment to come up with modification/variations/combinations to the aforementioned techniques or a new waveform design for 5G systems and beyond. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide the latest research and advances in the field of waveform design for 5G systems and beyond
Indoor wireless communications and applications
Chapter 3 addresses challenges in radio link and system design in indoor scenarios. Given the fact that most human activities take place in indoor environments, the need for supporting ubiquitous indoor data connectivity and location/tracking service becomes even more important than in the previous decades. Specific technical challenges addressed in this section are(i), modelling complex indoor radio channels for effective antenna deployment, (ii), potential of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radios for supporting higher data rates, and (iii), feasible indoor localisation and tracking techniques, which are summarised in three dedicated sections of this chapter
Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in 5G communication
Green communication technology is expected to be widely adopted in future generation
networks to improve energy efficiency and reliability of wireless communication network.
Among the green communication technologies,simultaneous wireless information and
power transfer (SWIPT) is adopted for its flexible energy harvesting technology through
the radio frequency (RF) signa lthati sused for information transmission. Even though
existing SWIPT techniques are flexible and adoptable for the wireless communication
networks, the power and time resources of the signal need to be shared between infor-
mation transmission and RF energy harvesting, and this compromises the quality of the
signal. Therefore,SWIP Ttechniques need to be designed to allow an efficient resource
allocation for communication and energy harvesting.
The goal oft his thesisis to design SWIP Ttechniques that allow efficient,reliable and
secure joint communications and power transference. A problem associated to SWIPT
techniques combined with multi carrier signals is that the increased power requirements
inherent to energy harvesting purposes can exacerbate nonlinear distortion effects at the
transmitter. Therefore, we evaluate nonlinear distortion and present feasible solutions to
mitigate the impact of nonlinear distortion effects on the performance.Another goal of
the thesisis to take advantage of the energy harvesting signals in SWIP Ttechniques for
channel estimation and security purposes.Theperformance of these SWIPT techniques is
evaluated analytically, and those results are validated by simulations. It is shownthatthe
proposed SWIPT schemes can have excellent performance, out performing conventional
SWIPT schemes.Espera-se que aschamadas tecnologiasde green communications sejam amplamente ado-
tadas em futuras redes de comunicação sem fios para melhorar a sua eficiência energética
a fiabilidade.Entre estas,encontram-se as tecnologias SWIPT (Simultaneous Wireless
Information and Power Transference), nas quais um sinal radio é usado para transferir
simultaneamente potência e informações.Embora as técnicas SWIPT existentes sejam fle-
xÃveis e adequadas para as redes de comunicações sem fios, os recursos de energia e tempo
do sinal precisam ser compartilhados entre a transmissão de informações e de energia, o
que pode comprometer a qualidade do sinal. Deste modo,as técnicas SWIPT precisam ser
projetadas para permitir uma alocação eficiente de recursos para comunicação e recolha
de energia.
O objetivo desta tese é desenvolver técnicas SWIPT que permitam transferência de
energia e comunicações eficientes,fiáveis e seguras.Um problema associado às técnicas
SWIPT combinadas com sinais multi-portadora são as dificuldades de amplificação ine-
rentes à combinação de sinais de transmissão de energia com sinais de transferência de
dados, que podem exacerbar os efeitos de distorção não-linear nos sinais transmitidos.
Deste modo, um dos objectivos desta tese é avaliar o impacto da distorção não-linear em
sinais SWIPT, e apresentar soluções viáveis para mitigar os efeitos da distorção não-linear
no desempenho da transmissão de dados.Outro objetivo da tese é aproveitar as vantagens
dos sinais de transferência de energia em técnicas SWIPT para efeitos de estimação de
canal e segurança na comunicação.Os desempenhos dessas técnicas SWIPT são avaliados
analiticamente,sendo os respectivos resultados validados por simulações.É mostrado que
os esquemas SWIPT propostos podem ter excelente desempenho, superando esquemas
SWIPT convencionais
Single-Carrier Modulation versus OFDM for Millimeter-Wave Wireless MIMO
This paper presents results on the achievable spectral efficiency and on the
energy efficiency for a wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) link
operating at millimeter wave frequencies (mmWave) in a typical 5G scenario. Two
different single-carrier modem schemes are considered, i.e., a traditional
modulation scheme with linear equalization at the receiver, and a
single-carrier modulation with cyclic prefix, frequency-domain equalization and
FFT-based processing at the receiver; these two schemes are compared with a
conventional MIMO-OFDM transceiver structure. Our analysis jointly takes into
account the peculiar characteristics of MIMO channels at mmWave frequencies,
the use of hybrid (analog-digital) pre-coding and post-coding beamformers, the
finite cardinality of the modulation structure, and the non-linear behavior of
the transmitter power amplifiers. Our results show that the best performance is
achieved by single-carrier modulation with time-domain equalization, which
exhibits the smallest loss due to the non-linear distortion, and whose
performance can be further improved by using advanced equalization schemes.
Results also confirm that performance gets severely degraded when the link
length exceeds 90-100 meters and the transmit power falls below 0 dBW.Comment: accepted for publication on IEEE Transactions on Communication
Unified Framework for Multicarrier and Multiple Access based on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing
The advancements in wireless communications are the key-enablers of new applications with stringent requirements in low-latency, ultra-reliability, high data rate, high mobility, and massive connectivity. Diverse types of devices, ranging from tiny sensors to vehicles, with different capabilities need to be connected under various channel conditions. Thus, modern connectivity and network techniques at all layers are essential to overcome these challenges. In particular, the physical layer (PHY) transmission is required to achieve certain link reliability, data rate, and latency. In modern digital communications systems, the transmission is performed by means of a digital signal processing module that derives analog hardware. The performance of the analog part is influenced by the quality of the hardware and the baseband signal denoted as waveform. In most of the modern systems such as fifth generation (5G) and WiFi, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted as a favorite waveform due to its low-complexity advantages in terms of signal processing. However, OFDM requires strict requirements on hardware quality.
Many devices are equipped with simplified analog hardware to reduce the cost. In this case, OFDM does not work properly as a result of its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and sensitivity to synchronization errors. To tackle these problems, many waveforms design have been recently proposed in the literature. Some of these designs are modified versions of OFDM or based on conventional single subcarrier. Moreover, multicarrier frameworks, such as generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), have been proposed to realize varieties of conventional waveforms. Furthermore, recent studies show the potential of using non-conventional waveforms for increasing the link reliability with affordable complexity. Based on that, flexible waveforms and transmission techniques are necessary to adapt the system for different hardware and channel constraints in order to fulfill the applications requirements while optimizing the resources.
The objective of this thesis is to provide a holistic view of waveforms and the related multiple access (MA) techniques to enable efficient study and evaluation of different approaches. First, the wireless communications system is reviewed with specific focus on the impact of hardware impairments and the wireless channel on the waveform design. Then, generalized model of waveforms and MA are presented highlighting various special cases. Finally, this work introduces low-complexity architectures for hardware implementation of flexible waveforms. Integrating such designs with software-defined radio (SDR) contributes to the development of practical real-time flexible PHY.:1 Introduction
1.1 Baseband transmission model
1.2 History of multicarrier systems
1.3 The state-of-the-art waveforms
1.4 Prior works related to GFDM
1.5 Objective and contributions
2 Fundamentals of Wireless Communications
2.1 Wireless communications system
2.2 RF transceiver
2.2.1 Digital-analogue conversion
2.2.2 QAM modulation
2.2.3 Effective channel
2.2.4 Hardware impairments
2.3 Waveform aspects
2.3.1 Single-carrier waveform
2.3.2 Multicarrier waveform
2.3.3 MIMO-Waveforms
2.3.4 Waveform performance metrics
2.4 Wireless Channel
2.4.1 Line-of-sight propagation
2.4.2 Multi path and fading process
2.4.3 General baseband statistical channel model
2.4.4 MIMO channel
2.5 Summary
3 Generic Block-based Waveforms
3.1 Block-based waveform formulation
3.1.1 Variable-rate multicarrier
3.1.2 General block-based multicarrier model
3.2 Waveform processing techniques
3.2.1 Linear and circular filtering
3.2.2 Windowing
3.3 Structured representation
3.3.1 Modulator
3.3.2 Demodulator
3.3.3 MIMO Waveform processing
3.4 Detection
3.4.1 Maximum-likelihood detection
3.4.2 Linear detection
3.4.3 Iterative Detection
3.4.4 Numerical example and insights
3.5 Summary
4 Generic Multiple Access Schemes 57
4.1 Basic multiple access and multiplexing schemes
4.1.1 Infrastructure network system model
4.1.2 Duplex schemes
4.1.3 Common multiplexing and multiple access schemes
4.2 General multicarrier-based multiple access
4.2.1 Design with fixed set of pulses
4.2.2 Computational model
4.2.3 Asynchronous multiple access
4.3 Summary
5 Time-Frequency Analyses of Multicarrier
5.1 General time-frequency representation
5.1.1 Block representation
5.1.2 Relation to Zak transform
5.2 Time-frequency spreading
5.3 Time-frequency block in LTV channel
5.3.1 Subcarrier and subsymbol numerology
5.3.2 Processing based on the time-domain signal
5.3.3 Processing based on the frequency-domain signal
5.3.4 Unified signal model
5.4 summary
6 Generalized waveforms based on time-frequency shifts
6.1 General time-frequency shift
6.1.1 Time-frequency shift design
6.1.2 Relation between the shifted pulses
6.2 Time-frequency shift in Gabor frame
6.2.1 Conventional GFDM
6.3 GFDM modulation
6.3.1 Filter bank representation
6.3.2 Block representation
6.3.3 GFDM matrix structure
6.3.4 GFDM demodulator
6.3.5 Alternative interpretation of GFDM
6.3.6 Orthogonal modulation and GFDM spreading
6.4 Summary
7 Modulation Framework: Architectures and Applications
7.1 Modem architectures
7.1.1 General modulation matrix structure
7.1.2 Run-time flexibility
7.1.3 Generic GFDM-based architecture
7.1.4 Flexible parallel multiplications architecture
7.1.5 MIMO waveform architecture
7.2 Extended GFDM framework
7.2.1 Architectures complexity and flexibility analysis
7.2.2 Number of multiplications
7.2.3 Hardware analysis
7.3 Applications of the extended GFDM framework
7.3.1 Generalized FDMA
7.3.2 Enchantment of OFDM system
7.4 Summary
7 Conclusions and Future work
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