2,310 research outputs found

    Undergraduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Undergraduate Catalog of Studies, 2022-2023

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    Blending the Material and Digital World for Hybrid Interfaces

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    The development of digital technologies in the 21st century is progressing continuously and new device classes such as tablets, smartphones or smartwatches are finding their way into our everyday lives. However, this development also poses problems, as these prevailing touch and gestural interfaces often lack tangibility, take little account of haptic qualities and therefore require full attention from their users. Compared to traditional tools and analog interfaces, the human skills to experience and manipulate material in its natural environment and context remain unexploited. To combine the best of both, a key question is how it is possible to blend the material world and digital world to design and realize novel hybrid interfaces in a meaningful way. Research on Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) investigates the coupling between physical objects and virtual data. In contrast, hybrid interfaces, which specifically aim to digitally enrich analog artifacts of everyday work, have not yet been sufficiently researched and systematically discussed. Therefore, this doctoral thesis rethinks how user interfaces can provide useful digital functionality while maintaining their physical properties and familiar patterns of use in the real world. However, the development of such hybrid interfaces raises overarching research questions about the design: Which kind of physical interfaces are worth exploring? What type of digital enhancement will improve existing interfaces? How can hybrid interfaces retain their physical properties while enabling new digital functions? What are suitable methods to explore different design? And how to support technology-enthusiast users in prototyping? For a systematic investigation, the thesis builds on a design-oriented, exploratory and iterative development process using digital fabrication methods and novel materials. As a main contribution, four specific research projects are presented that apply and discuss different visual and interactive augmentation principles along real-world applications. The applications range from digitally-enhanced paper, interactive cords over visual watch strap extensions to novel prototyping tools for smart garments. While almost all of them integrate visual feedback and haptic input, none of them are built on rigid, rectangular pixel screens or use standard input modalities, as they all aim to reveal new design approaches. The dissertation shows how valuable it can be to rethink familiar, analog applications while thoughtfully extending them digitally. Finally, this thesis’ extensive work of engineering versatile research platforms is accompanied by overarching conceptual work, user evaluations and technical experiments, as well as literature reviews.Die Durchdringung digitaler Technologien im 21. Jahrhundert schreitet stetig voran und neue Geräteklassen wie Tablets, Smartphones oder Smartwatches erobern unseren Alltag. Diese Entwicklung birgt aber auch Probleme, denn die vorherrschenden berührungsempfindlichen Oberflächen berücksichtigen kaum haptische Qualitäten und erfordern daher die volle Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Nutzer:innen. Im Vergleich zu traditionellen Werkzeugen und analogen Schnittstellen bleiben die menschlichen Fähigkeiten ungenutzt, die Umwelt mit allen Sinnen zu begreifen und wahrzunehmen. Um das Beste aus beiden Welten zu vereinen, stellt sich daher die Frage, wie neuartige hybride Schnittstellen sinnvoll gestaltet und realisiert werden können, um die materielle und die digitale Welt zu verschmelzen. In der Forschung zu Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) wird die Verbindung zwischen physischen Objekten und virtuellen Daten untersucht. Noch nicht ausreichend erforscht wurden hingegen hybride Schnittstellen, die speziell darauf abzielen, physische Gegenstände des Alltags digital zu erweitern und anhand geeigneter Designparameter und Entwurfsräume systematisch zu untersuchen. In dieser Dissertation wird daher untersucht, wie Materialität und Digitalität nahtlos ineinander übergehen können. Es soll erforscht werden, wie künftige Benutzungsschnittstellen nützliche digitale Funktionen bereitstellen können, ohne ihre physischen Eigenschaften und vertrauten Nutzungsmuster in der realen Welt zu verlieren. Die Entwicklung solcher hybriden Ansätze wirft jedoch übergreifende Forschungsfragen zum Design auf: Welche Arten von physischen Schnittstellen sind es wert, betrachtet zu werden? Welche Art von digitaler Erweiterung verbessert das Bestehende? Wie können hybride Konzepte ihre physischen Eigenschaften beibehalten und gleichzeitig neue digitale Funktionen ermöglichen? Was sind geeignete Methoden, um verschiedene Designs zu erforschen? Wie kann man Technologiebegeisterte bei der Erstellung von Prototypen unterstützen? Für eine systematische Untersuchung stützt sich die Arbeit auf einen designorientierten, explorativen und iterativen Entwicklungsprozess unter Verwendung digitaler Fabrikationsmethoden und neuartiger Materialien. Im Hauptteil werden vier Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die verschiedene visuelle und interaktive Prinzipien entlang realer Anwendungen diskutieren. Die Szenarien reichen von digital angereichertem Papier, interaktiven Kordeln über visuelle Erweiterungen von Uhrarmbändern bis hin zu neuartigen Prototyping-Tools für intelligente Kleidungsstücke. Um neue Designansätze aufzuzeigen, integrieren nahezu alle visuelles Feedback und haptische Eingaben, um Alternativen zu Standard-Eingabemodalitäten auf starren Pixelbildschirmen zu schaffen. Die Dissertation hat gezeigt, wie wertvoll es sein kann, bekannte, analoge Anwendungen zu überdenken und sie dabei gleichzeitig mit Bedacht digital zu erweitern. Dabei umfasst die vorliegende Arbeit sowohl realisierte technische Forschungsplattformen als auch übergreifende konzeptionelle Arbeiten, Nutzerstudien und technische Experimente sowie die Analyse existierender Forschungsarbeiten

    Selected problems of materials science. Vol. 2. Nano-dielectrics metals in electronics. Mеtamaterials. Multiferroics. Nano-magnetics

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    The textbook examines physical foundations and practical application of current electronics materials. Modern theories are presented, more important experimental data and specifications of basic materials necessary for practical application are given. Contemporary research in the field of microelectronics and nanophysics is taken into account, while special attention is paid to the influence of the internal structure on the physical properties of materials and the prospects for their use. English-language lectures and other classes on the subject of the book are held at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute at the departments of “Applied Physics” and “Microelectronics” on the subject of materials science, which is necessary for students of higher educational institutions when performing scientific works. For master’s degree applicants in specialty 105 “Applied physics and nanomaterials”.Розглянуто фізичні основи та практичне застосування актуальних матеріалів електроніки. Подано сучасні теорії, наведено найважливіші експериментальні дані та специфікації основних матеріалів, які потрібні для практичного застосування. Враховано сучасні дослідження у галузі мікроелектроніки та нанофізики, при цьому особливу увагу приділено впливу внутрішньої структури на фізичні властивості матеріалів і на перспективи їх використання. Англомовні лекції та інші види занять за тематикою книги проводяться в КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського на кафедрах «Прикладна фізика» та «Мікро-електроніка» за напрямом матеріалознавство, що необхідно студентам вищих навчальних закладів при виконанні наукових робіт. Для здобувачів магістратури за спеціальністю 105 «Прикладна фізика та наноматеріали»

    The dynamics and control of large space structures with distributed actuation

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    Future large space structures are likely to be constructed at much greater length-scales, and lower areal mass densities than has been achieved to-date. This could be enabled by ongoing developments in on-orbit manufacturing, whereby large structures are 3D-printed in space from raw feedstock materials. This thesis proposes and analyses a number of attitude control strategies which could be adopted for this next generation of ultra-lightweight, large space structures. Each of the strategies proposed makes use of distributed actuation, which is demonstrated early in the thesis to reduce structural deformations during attitude manoeuvres. All of the proposed strategies are considered to be particularly suitable for structures which are 3d-printed on-orbit, due to the relative simplicity of the actuators and ease with which the actuator placement or construction could be integrated with the on-orbit fabrication of the structure itself. The first strategy proposed is the use of distributed arrays of magnetorquer rods. First, distributed torques are shown to effectively rotate highly flexible structures. This is compared with torques applied to the centre-of-mass of the structure, which cause large surface deformations and can fail to enact a rotation. This is demonstrated using a spring-mass model of a planar structure with embedded actuators. A torque distribution algorithm is then developed to control an individually addressable array of actuators. Attitude control simulations are performed, using the array to control a large space structure, again modelled as a spring-mass system. The attitude control system is demonstrated to effectively detumble a representative 75×75m flexible structure, and perform slew manoeuvres, in the presence of both gravity-gradient torques and a realistic magnetic field model. The development of a Distributed Magnetorquer Demonstration Platform is then presented, a laboratory-scale implementation of the distributed magnetorquer array concept. The platform consists of 48 addressable magnetorquers, arranged with two perpendicular torquers at the nodes of a 5×5 grid. The control algorithms proposed previously in the thesis are implemented and tested on this hardware, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the concept. Results of experiments using a spherical air bearing and Helmholtz cage are presented, demonstrating rest-to-rest slew manoeuvres and detumbling around a single axis using the developed algorithms. The next attitude control strategy presented is the use of embedded current loops, conductive pathways which can be integrated with a spacecraft support structure and used to generate control torques through interaction with the Earth’s magnetic field. Length-scaling laws are derived by determining what fraction of a planar spacecraft’s mass would need to be allocated to the conductive current loops in order to produce a torque at least as large as the gravity gradient torque. Simulations are then performed of a flexible truss structure, modelled as a spring-mass system, for a range of structural flexibilities and a variety of current loop geometries. Simulations demonstrate rotation of the structure via the electromagnetic force on the current carrying elements, and are also used to characterise the structural deformations caused by the various current loop geometries. An attitude control simulation is then performed, demonstrating a 90◦ slew manoeuvre of a 250×250 m flexible structure through the use of three orthogonal sets of current loops embedded within the spacecraft. The final concept investigated in this thesis is a self-reconfiguring OrigamiSat, where reconfiguration of the proposed OrigamiSat is triggered by changes in the local surface optical properties of an origami structure to harness the solar radiation pressure induced acceleration. OrigamiSats are origami spacecraft with reflective panels which, when flat, operate as a conventional solar sail. Shape reconfiguration, i.e. “folding” of the origami design, allows the OrigamiSat to change operational modes, performing different functions as per mission requirements. For example, a flat OrigamiSat could be reconfigured into the shape of a parabolic reflector, before returning to the flat configuration when required to again operate as a solar sail, providing propellant-free propulsion. Shape reconfiguration or folding of OrigamiSats through the use of surface reflectivity modulation is investigated in this thesis. First, a simplified, folding facet model is used to perform a length-scaling analysis, and then a 2d multibody dynamics simulation is used to demonstrate the principle of solar radiation presure induced folding. A 3d multibody dynamics simulation is then developed and used to demonstrate shape reconfiguration for different origami folding patterns. Here, the attitude dynamics and shape reconfiguration of OrigamiSats are found to be highly coupled, and thus present a challenge from a control perspective. The problem of integrating attitude and shape control of a Miura-fold pattern OrigamiSat through the use of variable reflectivity is then investigated, and a control algorithm developed which uses surface reflectivity modulation of the OrigamiSat facets to enact shape reconfiguration and attitude manoeuvres simultaneously

    Structural optimization in steel structures, algorithms and applications

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    L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

    Estudio y desarrollo de un cuadro de descenso

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    L'objectiu del present projecte és estudiar el procés de desenvolupament d'un quadre de bicicleta de descens. Es presenten i s'analitzen al llarg del projecte les diferents etapes. S'avalua el material a utilitzar, una decisió fonamental per al disseny, per la seva influència en la resistència, durabilitat, rigidesa i pes del quadre, i se sospesen diferents alternatives. Es discuteixen aspectes tan fonamentals com la geometria i la cinemàtica de la suspensió, així com el procediment i les eines utilitzades per a la seva definició. També s'aborda el disseny i desenvolupament d'un model virtual i la realització d'assajos segons la norma ISO 4210, relativa als requisits de seguretat per a bicicletes, utilitzant un mètode de simulació per elements finits. S'han emès informes d'assaig sobre el compliment d'aquesta norma, així com una fulla d'assaig en la qual es resumeixen els resultats de la simulació. També s'ha realitzat una anàlisi econòmica dels costos per a dur a terme el projecte, concloent que el cost per a la fabricació d'un prototip real, tal com estava previst inicialment, és prohibitiu. No obstant això, en aquest projecte s'han tingut en compte i recollit tots els passos i consideracions per a la creació d'un prototip. A més, s'analitza la sostenibilitat de les tendències actuals en la indústria de la bicicleta, i es presenten algunes alternatives per a reduir el seu impacte mediambiental.El objetivo del presente proyecto es estudiar el proceso de desarrollo de un cuadro de bicicleta de descenso. Se presentan y se analizan a lo largo del proyecto las diferentes etapas. Se evalúa el material a utilizar, una decisión fundamental para el diseño, por su influencia en la resistencia, durabilidad, rigidez y peso del cuadro, y se sopesan diferentes alternativas. Se discuten aspectos tan fundamentales como la geometría y la cinemática de la suspensión, así como el procedimiento y las herramientas utilizadas para su definición. También se aborda el diseño y desarrollo de un modelo virtual y la realización de ensayos según la norma ISO 4210, relativa a los requisitos de seguridad para bicicletas, utilizando un método de simulación por elementos finitos. Se han emitido informes de ensayo sobre el cumplimiento de esta norma, así como una hoja de ensayo en la que se resumen los resultados de la simulación. También se ha realizado un análisis económico de los costes para llevar a cabo el proyecto, concluyendo que el coste para la fabricación de un prototipo real, tal y como estaba previsto inicialmente, es prohibitivo. No obstante, en este proyecto se han tenido en cuenta y recogido todos los pasos y consideraciones para la creación de un prototipo. Además, se analiza la sostenibilidad de las tendencias actuales en la industria de la bicicleta, y se presentan algunas alternativas para reducir su impacto medioambiental.The objective of the present project is to study the development process of a downhill bicycle frame. The different stages involved are presented and then analysed in the course of the project. Material to use, a fundamental decision for the design because of its influence in resistance, durability, rigidity, and weight of the frame, is evaluated and different alternatives are balanced. Such fundamental aspect as geometry and suspension kinematics are discussed, as well as the procedure and tools used to define them. Design and development of a virtual model and testing as per ISO 4210, regarding safety requirement for bicycles, using a simulation method by finite elements is also covered in the following. Test reports on compliance with this standard have been issued, as well as a test sheet summarising the simulation results. An economic analysis of the costs involved to complete the project has also been conducted, concluding the cost for the manufacturing of a real prototype, as initially planned, is prohibitive. Nevertheless, all steps and considerations for prototyping have been considered and collected in this project. Additionally, sustainability of current tendencies in the bicycle industry is analysed, and some alternatives are presented to reduce its environmental impact
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