2,455 research outputs found
Demand response within the energy-for-water-nexus - A review. ESRI WP637, October 2019
A promising tool to achieve more flexibility within power systems is demand re-sponse (DR). End-users in many strands
of industry have been subject to research up to now regarding the opportunities for implementing DR programmes. One sector
that has received little attention from the literature so far, is wastewater treatment. However, case studies indicate that the
potential for wastewater treatment plants to provide DR services might be significant. This review presents and categorises recent
modelling approaches for industrial demand response as well as for the wastewater treatment plant operation. Furthermore, the
main sources of flexibility from wastewater treatment plants are presented: a potential for variable electricity use in aeration, the
time-shifting operation of pumps, the exploitation of built-in redundan-cy in the system and flexibility in the sludge processing.
Although case studies con-note the potential for DR from individual WWTPs, no study acknowledges the en-dogeneity of energy
prices which arises from a large-scale utilisation of DR. There-fore, an integrated energy systems approach is required to quantify
system and market effects effectively
Socially governed energy hub trading enabled by blockchain-based transactions
Decentralized trading schemes involving energy prosumers have prevailed in recent years. Such schemes provide a pathway for increased energy efficiency and can be enhanced by the use of blockchain technology to address security concerns in decentralized trading. To improve transaction security and privacy protection while ensuring desirable social governance, this article proposes a novel two-stage blockchain-based operation and trading mechanism to enhance energy hubs connected with integrated energy systems (IESs). This mechanism includes multienergy aggregators (MAGs) that use a consortium blockchain and its enabled proof-of-work (PoW) to transfer and audit transaction records, with social governance principles for guiding prosumersβ decision-making in the peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction management process. The uncertain nature of renewable generation and load demand are adequately modeled in the two-stage Wasserstein-based distributionally robust optimization (DRO). The practicality of the proposed mechanism is illustrated by several case studies that jointly show its ability to handle an increased renewable generation capacity, achieve a 16.7% saving in the audit cost, and facilitate 2.4% more P2P interactions. Overall, the proposed two-stage blockchain-based trading mechanism provides a practical trading scheme and can reduce redundant trading amounts by 6.5%, leading to a further reduction of the overall operation cost. Compared to the state-of-the-art benchmark methods, our mechanism exhibits significant operation cost reduction and ensures social governance and transaction security for IES and energy hubs
An Analytical Methodology To Security Constraints Management In Power System Operation
In a deregulated electricity market, Independent System Operators (ISOs) are responsible for dispatching power to the load securely, efficiently, and economically. ISO performs Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) to guarantee sufficient generation commitment, maximized social welfare and facilitating market-driven economics. A large number of security constraints would render the model impossible to solve under time requirements. Developing a method to identify the minimum set of security constraints without overcommitting is necessary to reduce Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solution time. To overcome this challenge, we developed a powerful tool called security constraint screening. The proposed approach effectively filters out non-dominating constraints by integrating virtual transactions and capturing changes online in real-time or look-ahead markets. The security-constraint screening takes advantage of both deterministic and statistical methods, which leverages mathematical modeling and historical data. Effectiveness is verified using Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) data. The research also presented a data-driven approach to forecast congestion patterns in real-time utilizing machine learning applications. Studies have been conducted using real-world data. The potential benefit is to provide the day-ahead operators with a tool for supporting decision-making regarding modeling constraints
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : 곡과λν κΈ°κ³κ³΅νλΆ, 2022.2. μ°¨μμ.This study presents statistical and control analyses for grid resources to enhance the stability and efficiency on their operations. More specifically, this study focuses on cost-optimal model predictive control for a virtual power plant with the uncertainty in neural network power forecasting.
Chapter 2 analyzes the monitoring data of solar photovoltaic power plants (PVs) distributed throughout Korea. Errors within the raw data are categorized according to their causes and symptoms. The effect of typical errors on the statistical analysis is particularly evaluated for a day-ahead hourly PV power forecast study.
Chapter 3 addresses a control strategy for an energy storage system (ESS). A virtual power plant or a microgrid with a commercial building load, PV generation, and ESS charge/discharge operation is targeted as a behind-the-meter consumer-generator. Economic dispatch scheduling problem for the ESS is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. The main goal of the control problem is optimizing the economic benefit under the time-of-use tariff and future uncertainties. Peak control as a regulation ancillary market service can be also applied during the optimization. The resulting control schedule robustly guarantees the economic benefit even under the forecast uncertainties in load power consumption and PV power generation patterns.
Chapter 4 presents a more specific case of day-ahead hourly ESS scheduling. An integration of a PV and ESS is considered as a control target. Power transactions between the grid and resources are normally settled according to the time-of-use tariff. Additional incentive is provided with respect to the imbalance between the forecasted-scheduled power and actual dispatch power. This incentive policy stands for the imbalance tariff of a regulation ancillary service market. Accurate forecasting and robust scheduling functions are required for the energy management system to maximize both revenues. The PV power forecast model, which is based on a recurrent neural network, uses a convolutional neural network discriminator to decrease the gap between its open-loop one-step-ahead training and closed-loop multi-step-ahead test dynamics. This generative adversarial network concept for the model training process ensures a stable day-ahead hourly forecast performance. The robust ESS scheduling model handles the remaining forecast error as a box uncertainty set to consider the cost-optimality and cost-robustness of the control schedule. The scheduling model is formulated as a concise mixed-integer linear program to enable fast online optimization with the consideration for both transaction and incentive revenues.λ³Έ λ
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μ μλλ RNN κΈ°λ° νμκ΄λ°μ μ λ°μ λ μμΈ‘ λͺ¨λΈμ κ°λ°©νλ‘ ννμ νμ΅ κ³Όμ κ³Ό ννλ‘ ννμ μ¬μ© λ°©μ μ¬μ΄μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ€μ΄κΈ° μν΄ CNN κΈ°λ° μλ³κΈ°λ₯Ό μ μ©νλ€. λͺ¨λΈ νμ΅ κ³Όμ μ μ μ©λλ μ΄ GAN κ°λ
μ ν루 μ λμΆν μκ°λλ³ μ΄μ μ€μΌμ€μ΄ μμ μ μ΄λλ‘ μ§μνλ€. μ μλλ μλμ§μ μ₯μ₯μΉλ₯Ό μν κ°κ±΄ μ€μΌμ€ λμΆ λͺ¨λΈμ λ¨μμλ μμΈ‘ μ€μ°¨λ₯Ό λ°μ€ ννμ λΆνμ€μ± μ§ν©μΌλ‘ μ²λ¦¬νμ¬, λμΆλ μ μ΄ μ€μΌμ€μ κ²½μ μ μ΅μ μ±κ³Ό κ°κ±΄μ±μ 보μ₯νλ€. μ€μΌμ€ λμΆ λͺ¨λΈμ κ°κ²°ν νΌν©μ μ μ νκ³νλ² ννλ‘ μμνλμ΄ μ λ ₯ κ±°λ μμ΅κ³Ό μΈμΌν°λΈ μμ΅ μμͺ½ λͺ¨λλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν λΉ λ₯Έ μ€μκ° μ΅μ νκ° κ°λ₯νλ€.1 Introduction 1
2 Analysis of Data Errors in the Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Monitoring System Database 8
2.1 Background 9
2.2 Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants in Korea 11
2.3 Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants for Analysis 14
2.4 Errors in Static Information Data 16
2.4.1 Errors: Missing or Redundant Static Information Data 19
2.4.2 Errors: Incorrect Specification Data 20
2.5 Errors in Monitoring Data 21
2.5.1 Errors: Invalid Peak Power Values 21
2.5.2 Errors: Invalid Units 23
2.5.3 Errors: Conflictions Between Static and Monitoring Data 23
2.5.4 Errors: Garbage or Corrupted Values 24
2.5.5 Errors: Terminations of Daily Monitoring 26
2.5.6 Errors: Long-term Disconnections 27
2.5.7 Errors: Fluctuating Data Transmission Periods 28
2.5.8 Errors: Disharmonious Data Collection Timings 30
2.6 Analyses with Error Data 33
2.6.1 Effect of Incorrect Location Information 38
2.6.2 Effect of Invalid Monitoring Data Values 40
2.6.3 Effect of Missing Monitoring Data 42
2.7 Conclusion 45
2.8 Acknowledgments 47
3 Robust Scheduling of a Microgrid Energy Storage System with Ancillary Service Considerations 48
3.1 Background 49
3.2 System Architecture 52
3.3 Robust MILP Optimization 55
3.3.1 ESS Constraints 55
3.3.2 Non-Robust Approach 56
3.3.3 Intuitive Approach 58
3.3.4 ESS Power Partitioning Approach 60
3.3.5 Combined Constraint Approach 63
3.4 ESS Efficiency Maps 65
3.5 External Working Conditions 68
3.5.1 Peak Control 69
3.5.2 Demand Response 71
3.6 Simulation Results 72
3.6.1 Computation Time 72
3.6.2 Cost Robustness 76
3.6.3 Precise ESS Control 77
3.6.4 External Working Condition 79
3.7 Conclusion 81
3.8 Acknowledgments 82
4 Robust PV-BESS Scheduling for a Grid with Incentive for Forecast Accuracy 83
4.1 Background 84
4.2 PV Power Forecast Model 88
4.2.1 Data Preprocessing 88
4.2.2 RNN-based Sequence Generator 90
4.2.3 CNN-based Sequence Discriminator 93
4.2.4 Training Objectives 94
4.2.5 Training and Validation 96
4.3 Robust BESS Scheduling 98
4.3.1 Power Transaction Revenue 98
4.3.2 Forecast Accuracy Incentive 102
4.4 Results 106
4.4.1 Benchmark Models for PV Power Forecasting 106
4.4.2 Stability of the PV Power Forecast Results 107
4.4.3 Accuracy of the PV Power Forecast Results 109
4.4.4 Incentive Analysis for the PV Power Forecast Results 110
4.4.5 Effect of Input Data Accuracy on Forecast Results 111
4.4.6 Robust BESS Scheduling for the Transaction Revenue 112
4.4.7 Computation Speed of the Scheduling Problems 116
4.4.8 Online Optimization for the Incentive Revenue 117
4.5 Conclusion 119
4.6 Appendix 120
4.6.1 A Toy Example for the Robust Optimization Result 120
4.7 Acknowledgments 121
5 Conclusion 122
Bibliography 125λ°
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