Standby and Off-Mode Energy Losses In New Appliances Measured in Shops

Selina project website at http://selina-project.eu PDF available online at http://selina-project.eu/files/SELINA_book.pdfInternational audienceThis document provides an overview of the most important results of the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) Project SELINA - Standby and Off-Mode Energy Losses In New Appliances Measured in Shops. Standby power is a general term commonly used to describe the low power modes in which many electrical and electronic products are, when not performing their main function. For more than a decade, it has been recognized that the energy consumption in low power modes for electrical and electronic products is an important issue because it represent permanent loads (sometimes up to 24 hours per day) of a huge number of products. With the 1 W standby initiative of the International Energy Agency (IEA), several low power mode measurement campaigns have been led on a regular basis in a number of countries outside and inside Europe Union (EU). Based on these results and on the Energy-using Products Study Lot 6, the EU has prepared new regulation to limit the standby and off-mode power consumption of non-networked household electronic and electrical equipment, which is being applied since January 2010. The IEE project SELINA carried out a large scale monitoring campaign in shops in order to characterise the low power modes of new appliances being sold in the EU market. In order to ensure consistency of the collected data, a common measurement methodology was developed and the same high resolution measurement equipment was used by all partners. This document analyzes the results of more than 6000 different equipments measured in the 12 EU countries involved in the project. Standby and off-mode values by product categories were analysed and compared with data from other regions of the World. The measurements were also benchmarked against the new 2010/2013 EU standby and off mode regulation thresholds and the impact of the EU regulation is discussed. It was found that 18.5% of the equipments, whose off-mode power was measured, do not respect the EU regulation threshold of 1 W. When the measurements are compared to the 2013 threshold of 0.5 W, this percentage raises up to 41.5%. Regarding standby mode input power, 31% of the measured products did not comply with EU regulation limit for the 2010 threshold. When the standby measured values are compared to the 2013 limit, the number of products over the EU regulation target increases to 66.4%. When comparing the 2009 and 2010 measurements, only a slight decrease of the share of appliances exceeding the EU regulation limits was observed. In parallel with the measurement campaign, an awareness study of the retailers was carried out. This survey helps to understand the customers' buying motivations and the influence of retailers' advice in their choices. The results of the survey show that, despite of retailer's consciousness about the energy consumption and energy labels of the products, other types of sales arguments like the appliance price or functionalities are more frequently used to sell a product. This could be due to lack of visible information in shops related to the equipment energy consumption. Furthermore, the results show that retailers try to adapt their advice to the customers' needs (price and product functionalities). The retailers admitted that publishing more information regarding the energy consumption of products and some kind of cost saving calculator/reference would make the clients to opt for more efficient equipments. Based on the survey results and on the analysis of different existing policies targeting electrical and electronic products in Europe, examples of policies to improve the low power modes situation of the EU market are reviewed. The survey on measures enhancing the market transformation towards more energy-efficient electrical appliances showed a wide range of actions and policy tools in the SELINA partner countries. In national workshops, which mainly took place in the late summer/early autumn 2010, these measures were presented and discussed with all relevant national stakeholders. In most countries, information campaigns (esp. brochures, leaflets, websites, and national labels) are the dominating measure type. In some countries, however, financial subsidies for very energy-efficient appliances, often paid by an energy utility and not by the government, play an important role, too (e.g. in the Czech Republic or Switzerland). In general, the impact of a financial programme is easier to quantify than the single impact of an information campaign, which often serves as an accompanying measure for regulations (labels, minimum efficiency standards) or fiscal and financial measures. International cooperation with key institutions outside the EU, involved in similar efforts, such as the IEA Implementing Agreement 4E (Efficient Electrical End-use Equipment) with an Annex on Standby, the Energy Star/EPA in USA, the Australia Standby Initiative and the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, were used to promote synergies in the definition of common approaches to characterize the market and to define realistic and cost-effective performance targets which can be achieved in a short time frame. Special care is required when promoting low standby consumption products (without consideration of other attributes) to ensure that there are no perverse effects such as the inadvertent promotion of products with low active mode efficiency and high energy consumption. It is desirable to follow a vertical approach to standby, where low power modes are combined with active modes to give total energy consumption. This approach is particularly preferable for products where the total energy consumption is significant. The definition of usage patterns under such a vertical approach is necessarily product specific and this could vary by region or country. The new technologies offer many opportunities for energy savings potential but there are also some threats which need to be recognized and understood. There is a strong need to ensure that energy saving paradigms and strategies become a core consideration in future product designs. It is recognized that equipments connected to networks are of growing importance. It is recommended that increased efforts to compile data and measurements, of networked products, from a variety of sources in order to obtain better information on networked product characteristics, needs to be made. An online database was created so that everyone can access the input power values, in the different equipment low power modes, of the more than 6000 equipments measured. A Standby Calculator Tool was also developed and can be accessed through the project website. It can be used to calculate the consumed energy, the annual cost and the equivalent CO2 emissions. In order to compare the results in an easy way, a diagram that shows the energy consumption of the different models is presented. Furthermore, the values for the most efficient device are also showed, in order to have an additional comparison. One of the main objectives of this project was to identify effective market transformation policies initiatives targeted at all the key stakeholders involved in the manufacture, distribution, sales, purchasing and operation of appliances with standby and off-mode losses. As a result of the future policy actions that may appear after the end of the project, considering loads in networked mode, it is expected to achieve very large cost-effective savings of electricity (80 TWh projected by 2020) and carbon emissions (30 MTons of CO2 by 2020)

Standby and off-mode Power Demand of new Appliances in the Market

Proccedings are online at http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/EEDAL/EEDAL11_Proceedings/19/138_Almeida_Anibal_ConsumerElectronics&ICT2.pdfPresentation available at http://www.eedal.dk/Conference/~/media/EEDAL/Sessions/Session%205/SELINA-EEDAL2011_Copenhagen_Gigli.ashxInternational audienceFor more than a decade, it has been recognized that the energy consumption in low power modes for electrical and electronic products is an important issue because it represent permanent loads (sometimes up to 24 hours per day) of a huge number of products. With the 1 W standby initiative of the International Energy Agency (IEA), several low power mode measurement campaigns have been led on a regular basis in a number of countries outside and inside Europe Union (EU). Based on these results and on the Energy-using Products Study Lot 6, the EU has prepared new regulation to limit the standby and off-mode power consumption of non-networked household electronic and electrical equipment, which is being applied since January 2010. The IEE project SELINA carried out a large scale monitoring campaign in shops in order to characterize the low power modes of new appliances being sold in the EU market. In order to ensure consistency of the collected data, a common measurement methodology was developed and the same high resolution measurement equipment was used by all partners. This publication analyzes the results of more than 6000 different equipments measured in the 12 EU countries involved in the project. Standby and off-mode values by product categories are analyzed and compared with data from other regions of the World. The measurements are also benchmarked against the new 2010/2013 EU standby and off mode regulation thresholds and the impact of the EU regulation is discussed. In parallel with the measurement campaign, an awareness study of the retailers was carried out. This survey helps to understand the customers' buying motivations and the influence of retailers' advice in their choices. An overview of the collected policies and initiatives to improve the low power mode energy consumption are reviewed

Providing efficient services for smartphone applications

Mobile applications are becoming an indispensable part of people\u27s lives, as they allow access to a broad range of services when users are on the go. We present our efforts towards enabling efficient mobile applications in smartphones. Our goal is to improve efficiency of the underlying services, which provide essential functionality to smartphone applications. In particular, we are interested in three fundamental services in smartphones: wireless communication service, power management service, and location reporting service.;For the wireless communication service, we focus on improving spectrum utilization efficiency for cognitive radio communications. We propose ETCH, a set of channel hopping based MAC layer protocols for communication rendezvous in cognitive radio communications. ETCH can fully utilize spectrum diversity in communication rendezvous by allowing all the rendezvous channels to be utilized at the same time.;For the power management service, we improve its efficiency from three different angles. The first angle is to reduce energy consumption of WiFi communications. We propose HoWiES, a system-for WiFi energy saving by utilizing low-power ZigBee radio. The second angle is to reduce energy consumption of web based smartphone applications. We propose CacheKeeper, which is a system-wide web caching service to eliminate unnecessary energy consumption caused by imperfect web caching in many smartphone applications. The third angle is from the perspective of smartphone CPUs. We found that existing CPU power models are ill-suited for modern multicore smartphone CPUs. We present a new approach of CPU power modeling for smartphones. This approach takes CPU idle power states into consideration, and can significantly improve power estimation accuracy and stability for multicore smartphones.;For the location reporting service, we aim to design an efficient location proof solution for mobile location based applications. We propose VProof, a lightweight and privacy-preserving location proof scheme that allows users to construct location proofs by simply extracting unforgeable information from the received packets

PREDICTIVE POWERTRAIN – N EW OPPORTUNITIES BY NETWORKING SYSTEMS

International audienceThese days it is not enough to think about downsizing of engines or the use of hybrid systems to keep upcoming CO 2 regulations as well as customer demands. Furthermore most of the vehicles’ components are highly optimized. The realization of further significant optimizations is only possible through a connection between these components. Intensive research activities play a major role in making Bosch a market and innovation leader in electronic powertrain and safety systems. And in diesel and gasoline engines as well, there are technological possibilities for reducing consumption evenfurther. What all powertrains have in common is the potential to reduce emissions and fuel consumption even further through networking of existing vehicle systems across all vehicle domains. The advent of electromobility is bringing together two areas of automotive technology that were traditionally regarded in isolation from one another – powertrains and chassis. Furthermore Bosch links automotive systems with data from the electronic horizon, which senses the vehicle’s environment and provides a detailed preview of the road ahead. Bosch Engineering GmbH is using cross-system networking within a concept vehicle as well as with external systems to develop new functions. The networking of vehicle systems encompasses the ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control), the electronic stability program ESP® and the whole powertrain (ICE and hybrid). Going beyond vehicle systems, automotive systems are also linked to data from the electronic horizon (interface to navigation system), this feature acts as a sensor to the environment to provide a detailed virtual preview of the route ahead. New functions thereby reduce fuel consumption and increase the level of comfort and safety. This paper provides an overview on the system approach and practical developments of Bosch Engineering in this area

Veracity in power consumption of smart home

This project is intended to develop for EDP Portugal from Cside for the newly launched smart home platform called EDP re:dy ( Remote Energy Dynamics) Home Automation devices with digital controlling platform from anywhere with optimum power consumption pattern in order to make energy efficient home.During the realization of this project,the veracity of re:dy smart meter has been analyzed with different load factors (capacitive, nductive) in order to observe the harmonics distortion pattern with various home appliances and traditional energy meters.Gathering all collected data in SDP (Service Delivery latform) online platform to analyze the sequence of energy values and according to that edp box will give effective power consumption pattern to the client's minimum tariff and energy saving pattern via reducing the power dissipation.As a final conclusion of the project, based on obtained results an effective method for smart home automation with edp re:dy box associated with MAC address of equipment added and controlled via online carrier/subscriber portal

Individual Carbon Emissions: The Low-Hanging Fruit

The individual and household sector generates roughly 30 to 40 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and is a potential source of prompt and large emissions reductions. Yet the assumption that only extensive government regulation will generate substantial reductions from the sector is a barrier to change, particularly in a political environment hostile to regulation. This Article demonstrates that prompt and large reductions can be achieved without relying predominantly on regulatory measures. The Article identifies seven low-hanging fruit: actions that have the potential to achieve large reductions at less than half the cost of the leading current federal legislation, require limited up-front government expenditures, generate net savings for the individual, and do not confront other barriers. The seven actions discussed in this Article not only meet these criteria, but also will generate roughly 150 million tons in emissions reductions and several billion dollars in net social savings. The Article concludes that the actions identified here are only a beginning, and it identifies changes that will be necessary by policymakers and academicians if these and other low-hanging fruit are to be picked

Replacement of steam turbine drive with electric drive

The intent of this project is to investigate the feasibility of replacing steam driven turbines in a sugar mill with electric motors. To do this it was necessary to firstly verify precisely what the task was that the existing drive was doing. In this case the steam turbine was driving a pump that delivered water to two bagasse fuelled boilers in a sugar mill. Also the task involved the investigation and delivery of improving the existing system. By analysing parameters of the current installation such as reliability, efficiency and suitability of the existing installation, a benchmark was created that we could measure any improvements against. After the plant requirements were determined, the new installation could be designed. Pump and motor sizing was done using flow, head and pressure measurements. Drawings such as Electrical schematics, P &IDs and mechanical layouts were then developed. The electrical and mechanical installation then followed. As part of the upgrade a programmable logic controller and HMI (Human Machine Interface) were programmed to provide better control and supervision of the process. After installation and commissioning, an assessment was carried out and the level of success of the project was determined. It was shown quantifiably that the capital expenditure was more than justified and that this process could be repeated in many of the remaining steam turbines to achieve similar improvements in efficiency, safety and reliabilit

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The problem is examined of retrofitting older generation aircraft with data link capability. The approach taken analyzes requirements for the cockpit interface, based on review of prior research and opinions obtained from subject matter experts. With this background, essential functions and constraints for a retrofit installation are defined. After an assessment of the technology available to meet the functions and constraints, candidate design concepts are developed. The most promising design concept is described in detail. Finally, needs for further research and development are identified

Wattsup? Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social networks

This paper reports on the design, deployment and evaluation of “Wattsup”, an innovative application which displays live autonomously logged data from the Wattson energy monitor, allowing users to compare domestic energy consumption on Facebook. Discussions and sketches from a workshop with Facebook users were used to develop a final design implemented using the Facebook API. Wattson energy monitors and the Wattsup app were deployed and trialled in eight homes over an eighteen day period in two conditions. In the first condition participants could only access their personal energy data, whilst in the second they could access each others’ data to make comparisons. A significant reduction in energy was observed in the socially enabled condition. Comments on discussion boards and semi-structured interviews with the participants indicated that the element of competition helped motivate energy savings. The paper argues that socially-mediated banter and competition made for a more enjoyable user experience