Employee attitudes as a mediator between HRM and organizational performance

Attitude is a power that controls human behaviour. When employee Attitude is positive, it can give impact positive to organization performance. A proper human resource management (HRM) managed by organization, the employee attitude will be affected. HRM practices influence employee attitude positively and there is a mediating role of employee attitude between training and development dimension of HRM practices and organizational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore employee atttiude as a mediator between HRM and organizational performance. A sample of this study was 219 respondents from employee construction in Libya. The data was analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. This study showed that employee attitudes is a full mediator between relationship HRM and organizational performance. Therefore, HRM practices influence employee attitude and its give impact to organizational performance for more effective and efficient in achieving organization goal

A Study of MPPT Charge Controller Roles in Photovoltaic Energy Management

Energy management system for controlling a microgrid. Management of power flow for minimizing the cost of electricity and reduction of loss of energy produced by renewable energy sources. This paper is about a study of MPPT charge controller roles in photovoltaic energy management. PV systems usually provide a photovoltaic array, the MPPT charge controller, storage battery, and dc load. The MPPT charge controller is important. It continuously tracks the maximum power point and delivers the maximum possible power to the battery at any given point in time. In this project, a dc-dc boost converter circuit has been simulated using the software of Proteus. The microcontroller in Arduino NANO is used and will read the voltage values, the current values, and process all the calculations. Perturb and observe (P & O) algorithm is used to transfer maximum power from the PV panel which is executed using a microcontroller. The Arduino NANO is programmed using the software of Arduino IDE. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to display the voltage, current, and power from the PV module and PWM from the MPPT charge controller. The benefit of this project is to achieve high efficiency and low cost of photovoltaic (PV) model for the design of PV systems with a simple MPPT

Fault Resilient and Reconfigurable Power Management Using Photovoltaic Integrated with CMOS Switches

A Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device which converts light incident upon it to electric current. The push for green energy due to global warming and diminution of fossil fuels opens up a huge market for PV cells. Hence, a lot of interest is being garnered for using PV cells for various applications. However, a PV module\u27s performance degrades due to many anomalies such as failure of individual PV cell within a module, the opening of interconnection, a short circuit in the connection, failure of bypass diode, failure in voltage regulator or partial shading. To some extent all of these issues can be addressed by introducing a transistor as a switch in a PV module. This kind of architecture also enables the PV module to switch between high voltage with low current or high current with low voltage. Moreover, such architecture is handy when PV modules are deployed at remote locations where manual intervention in the case of fault or power management becomes too expensive or impossible. With advancements in semiconductor processing, the MOSFET switches can now be integrated with a PV cell for improved reliability. In this research project, we introduced addressable switches for PV cell that enable the creation of real-time reconfigurable power buses or power island. Moreover, for PV module deployed at a remote location, we have installed an architecture that let the PV module self-detect faulty PV cells or partial shading condition. Such algorithms detect faulty PV cells or PV cells under partial shading within the module such that the performance of the PV module does not become degraded. The algorithms actively use an embedded computing device to predict the output power based on a number of PV cells connected in series and parallel; then the computed power is compared with the measured power for faulty condition detection. Typically, for achieving such kind of computing architecture a single-diode based PV module modeling technique is used. However, all of these modeling techniques have an exponential term due to the presence of a diode, the computing of output power and performance of PV module becomes power intensive and it is difficult to implement on an embedded system. Also, due to the presence of the exponential term, there is no closed form solution for IPV versus VPV (output current of PV cell versus output voltage of a PV cell). We have introduced a PV module modeling using an N-channel MOSFET transistor that doesn\u27t have an exponential term. Moreover, a quadratic equation based solution is obtained that can be solved for calculating the load current. Using the same technique PV module can be also be modeled for various configuration. Additionally, with MOSFET based PV cells modeling enables the modeling CMOS-with-PV which is also presented in this work

Cakar ayam shaping machine

Cakar ayam (Figure 7.1) is one of the Malay traditional cookies that are made from sliced sweet potatoes deep-fried in the coconut candy. In current practice of moulding the cookies, the fried sweet potatoes are molded using traditional manual tools, which are inefficient and less productive for the mass production purposes. “Kuih cakar ayam” associated with the meaning of the idiom means less messy handwriting has a somewhat negative connotation .This cookies may just seem less attractive in shape but still likeable . In fact, this cookie is considered a popular snack even outside the holiday season. The choice of the name of this cookie is more to shape actually resembles former chicken scratches made by the paw the ground while foraging. The value of wisdom, beauty and creativity of the Malays is clearly evident through the Malay cookie. Although it is attacked by the invention of modern cakes that look far more interesting, these cakes will be able to survive a long time until now

Design and Simulation of Low Power and Voltage Micro Photovoltaic Cell for Mobile Devices

In this study, designed and simulated a micro photovoltaic cell circuit which is part of smartphone battery charging system sensor. Problem discussed in this paper was that smartphone are still charging battery from PLN through a wall outlet, but smartphone would be better off if it had other charging alternatives, such as being able to charge anywhere or mobile. This paper proposed used photovoltaic cell that can convert sunlight into electricity and it can charge the battery on a smartphone. Photovoltaic cell were integrated with smartphone batteries in photovoltaic IC to form a battery charging system that can charge smartphone. The design of the micro photovoltaic cell sensor section is based on from the references paper. Micro photovoltaic cell was design by modifying the resistor value in the micro photovoltaic cell circuit, so the output low voltage and power be able to charge the smartphone battery. Designed and simulated micro photovoltaic cell circuits will be carried out using LTSpice. The results that achived in this research, when shunt resistance value was configure negative, the voltage value around 200mV, the power value around 1,48µW. When the shunt resistance value was configure positive the voltage value around 199mV, the power value around 1,44µW. Analysis was carried out by comparing voltage values obtained in this study with previous studies. In this study, a smaller voltage value was obtained by modifying the resistor value in the micro photovoltaic cell circuit. The circuit design will later be implemented in 0.35µm CMOS technology

Design of a charge controller circuit with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) for Photovoltaic system

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 63).This thesis, aim to design and simulation of a simple but effective charge controller with maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system. It provides theoretical studies of photovoltaic systems and modeling techniques using equivalent electric circuits. As, the system employs the maximum power point tracker (MPPT), it is consists of various MPPT algorithms and control methods. P-Spice and MATLAB simulations verify the DC-DC converter design and hardware implementation. The results validate that MPPT can significantly increase the efficiency and the performance of PV.Rahman, ShusmitaOni, Nadia SultanaQuazi Abdullah Ibn MasudB. Electrical and Electronic Engineerin

DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR

To have a successful wireless sensor networks (WSN), we should have an energy supply which provided by batteries. Batteries have small size and provide sufficient energy for the motes, but batteries cannot sustain the energy for the (WSN) to operate long time. The reason is that the batteries have limit storage capacity and it used up by time. So to save the sustainability of the system we harvest energy from surrounding environment such as light, thermal, or vibration. All these are renewable and green types of energy that does not cause pollution to the environment. In our project, a solar energy harvesting system have been introduced to provide energy requirement for the (WSN) to operate. A photovoltaic (PV) module, solar charge controller and energy storage are elements that used for the solar energy harvesting system. And according to calculations, a suitable PV module, batteries, and solar charging circuit are determined. On the other hand to get the highest and the maximum efficiency of the energy harvested, we use a maximum peak power tracking or maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT), to charge our rechargeable batteries which for our project is lithium-ion battery

Wind and Solar Energy Projects at the EcoTarium

Through their upcoming solar and wind energy projects, the EcoTarium, a science and discovery center in Worcester, Massachusetts, seeks to help people overcome their uncertainties towards renewable energy. Therefore, the goal of this project was to aid the EcoTarium in the design stages of their wind and solar energy exhibitions. Through these exhibitions, the EcoTarium hopes to promote the understanding, accepting, and adopting of renewable technologies in the Worcester community and beyond and help contribute to a clean energy future

Modeling and Detection of Hotspot in Shaded Photovoltaic Cells

In this paper, we address the problem of modeling the thermal behavior of photovoltaic (PV) cells undergoing a hotspot condition. In case of shading, PV cells may experience a dramatic temperature increase, with consequent reduction of the provided power. Our model has been validated against experimental data, and has highlighted a counter-intuitive PV cell behavior, that should be considered to improve the energy efficiency of PV arrays. Then, we propose a hotspot detection scheme, enabling to identify the PV module that is under hotspot condition. Such a scheme can be used to avoid the permanent damage of the cells under hotspot, thus their drawback on the power efficiency of the entire PV system

Analysis of Potential and Efficiency of Electric Generation Using Thermoelectric Effect

This research identifies the electrical potential associated with Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) under the incidence of solar rays and performs efficiency comparison using this type of devices and those photovoltaic. TEG characterization and modeling is presented to favor the estimation of the electrical potential, defined as power density (W/m2). The proper operation of thermal harvesting lays in maintaining a temperature difference of at least 26.31K between the TEG sides. With this requirement fulfilled, power conversion eficiencies of about 26.43% are obtained, higher than that of high-quality solar panels and without efficiency reductions associated with heating and soiling, while keeping the same superficial area of only 16cm 2. An estimate of at least 407.3mW corresponding to 2.44Wh of available energy is found considering specific operation hours determined statistically for a given geographic location. Thus, given such performance metric, a complete power unit is devised complementing the thermoelectric energy harvesting with a Li-Po battery to guarantee in that way a continuous operation. The total energy available from the prototype allows maintaining a battery discharge percentage of 38.05% considering the energy budget of a low-power remote sensor.MaestríaMagister en Ingeniería Electrónic