Fitoextracción de plomo (Pb) del suelo contaminado utilizando Sonchus Oleraceus L. en una industria de metal mecánica, Puente Piedra – Lima, 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la remoción de plomo (Pb) en el suelo contaminado de una industria metal mecánica mediante el uso del Sonchus oleraceus l, ubicada en Puente Piedra, Lima. Se aplicó la técnica de fitoextracción del plomo en el suelo contaminado, el cual se observó la absorción del contaminante dentro de un periodo de 30 días en diferentes periodos vegetativo de la planta del Sonchus oleraceus l, considerando la especie con 1 mes de vida (T1), 2 meses de vida (T2) y la última con 3 meses vida (T3). Esta investigación fue de tipo aplicada, el enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño experimental. La población de estudio comprendió 1000 m2, del área de influencia directa de la industria metal mecánica y la muestra fue de 28 kg de suelo contaminado con plomo. Para la evaluación de los indicadores se aplicó los instrumentos de recolección de datos. El análisis de Plomo se determinó usando espectrometría de absorción atómica. Los resultados indicaron que la concentración inicial de Plomo en el Sonchus oleraceus l, antes del tratamiento era 16,53 mg/kg (T1), 18.72 mg/kg (T2) y 21.50 mg/kg (T3) y después de un mes la concentración final del Plomo en la especie presentaron los siguientes valores 223.30 mg/kg (T1), 352.96 mg/kg (T2) y 477.08 mg/kg (T3); mientras que la concentración inicial de plomo en el suelo contaminado fue de 895,10 mg/kg llegando a una concentración final de 673.49 mg/kg (T1), 538.58 mg/kg (T2) y 432.22 mg/kg (T3). Se concluye que el tratamiento 3 presentó mayor porcentaje de remoción de plomo en el suelo contaminado con un 51.71 %, y la especie Sonchus oleraceus l, absorbe 477.08 mg/kg. La presente investigación determina que la aplicación de la fitoextracción es una técnica importante para remediar suelos contaminados por plomo, así mismo el mejor periodo vegetativo de la especie es a los 3 meses donde absorbe mayor concentración de Plomo

Improving competitive ability of chickpea with sowthistle

An experiment was conducted to examine the extent of root and canopy interference of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.). Sowthistle was surrounded with either two or eight chickpea plants. There were different types of competition: no competition, shoot competition, root competition and full competition (root and shoot). The performance of sowthistle grown in full competition with two chickpea plants was the same as that grown with root competition only. Also, there were no significant differences between sowthistle grown with chickpea canopy shade and the control, where there was no competition. On the other hand sowthistle grown with eight neighbours was significantly suppressed in full, canopy or root competition

Two New Species of Prαon Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Greece

Περιγράφονται δυο νεα είδη στο γε'νος Praon Haliday, το P. staryi spec. nov. και το P. athenaeum spec. nov. To P. staryi καταγράφηκε από την αφίδα Myzus nicotianae Blackman σε Nicotiana tabacum L. To P. athenaeum καταγράφηκε από την αφίδα Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) σε Sonchus oleraceus L.Two new species of Praon Haliday: P. staryi spec. nov. and P. athenaeum spec. nov., are described. P.staryi was collected and reared from Myzus nicotianae Blackman on Nicotiana tabacum L. and P. athenaeum from Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) on Sonchus oleraceus L

The Spread of Perennial Sow Thistle in Iowa

Sow thistle is not a thistle as the common name implies, but it belongs nevertheless to the Thistle Family, Compositae. The genus Sonchus, according to Hegi (1931), is widely distributed in cultivated parts of the temperate and even the subtropical world, and the four ruderal species, now extending their range in North America, are found in Europe, Asia, parts of Africa, and South America. They include the perennials Sonchus arvensis L. and Sonchus arvensis L. var. glabrescens Guenth., Grab., and Wimm. as well as the annuals Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and Sonchus oleraceus L

Identificación de malezas dicotiledóneas prevalentes en cultivos de interés agrícola en el valle de Huánuco

The weeds, vegetable species that grows spontaneously in cultivated fields and affect the quality and quantity of production, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, they are both plants that have a great potential because, it is considered that they own medicinal properties, therefore, the identification is necessary. The proposed aims in this research work were to determine the prevalence and incidence of dicotyledonous weeds in four agricultural areas of Huanuco. 24 different species of weed were identified, determining like prevalent the following species: Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L. y Sonchus oleraceus L. The cultivated species of sweet potato, beets, corn and alfalfa present a greater variability in species of weed, and have been identified as the most prevalent of the following species: Amaranthus dubius Mart, Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav. y Sonchus oleraceus L.Las malezas, especies vegetales que crecen espontáneamente en campos de cultivo y afectan la calidad y cantidad de la producción, debido a la competencia por agua, luz y nutrientes; son a la vez plantas que encierran un gran potencial porque se considera que poseen propiedades medicinales, por lo que es necesaria su identificación. Los objetivos planteados en este trabajo de investigación fueron determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de malezas dicotiledóneas en cuatro zonas agrícolas de Huánuco. Se identificaron 24 especies diferentes de malezas; determinando como prevalentes las siguientes especies: Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L. y Sonchus oleraceus L. Las especies cultivadas de camote, betarraga, maíz y alfalfa presentan la mayor variabilidad de especies de malezas, habiéndose identificado como las más prevalentes las siguientes especies: Amaranthus dubius Mart, Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav. y Sonchus oleraceus L

Antioxidant Activities of Sonchus oleraceus L.

Supernumerary free radicals and other reactive species can cause oxidative damage in animal cells, potentially leading to non-infectious diseases. Diets rich in low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWAs) may prevent or arrest the pathogenesis of these diseases. Leaves of Sonchus oleraceus L. may be an excellent dietary LMWA source for humans given their apparent strong antioxidant activities in vitro. However, different S. oleraceus plants vary in their antioxidant capacity. Nothing is known of possible environmental effects on antioxidant potential. Equally, the effects of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion are unknown. The goals of this research were: (i) to study the effects of plant age, locality, and abiotic stressors on antioxidant potential; (ii) to study the effects of cooking and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity and uptake in human cells; and (iii) to study extractable antioxidant activities of S. oleraceus cell suspension cultures in relation to abiotic stressors. Antioxidant activities and levels of total phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids and ascorbate increased as plants aged. An ecotype from Acacia Bay had a higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities than one from Oamaru; these differences were maintained across generations as well as in calli from in vitro cultures. This indicates heritability and genetic fidelity of antioxidant potential. Chilling and salinity had variable effects on concentrations of phenolics and antioxidant activities in plants, and the combination of the two stressors was not synergistic. This indicates that these two stressors share signalling and response pathways. Stressor-induced increases in antioxidant activities of leaf extracts correlated with improved cellular antioxidant activities (CAA) inside HepG2 cells. Antioxidants were released from leaves following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, which were then subsequently uptaken by Caco2 and HepG2 cells wherein they displayed CAAs. Thus, elevated levels of antioxidants in stressor-imposed plants provide potentially more antioxidant protection to live human cells. Caftaric, chlorogenic and chicoric acids accounted for 92% of the phenolic compounds in S. oleraceus leaves. Of these, only chlorogenic acid was inducible by stressors, both in intact plants and in calli. In young stressor-applied plants, chlorogenic acid was enhanced to the levels achievable with plant ageing. Boiling leaves prior to digestion did not diminish the caftaric and chlorogenic acid levels released through digestion, but chicoric acid levels were. Out of the nine phenolic compounds in leaves, only chicoric, chlorogenic and caftaric acids were released into the medium during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Digestion of leaves resulted in effective release of caftaric and chlorogenic acids from leaves but the levels of released chicoric acid were diminished by digestion. This study offers insights into the factors that influence the antioxidant potential of S. oleraceus L. in vivo, in vitro, during cooking and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. These results provide the foundation for: (1) encouraging the consumption of its fresh shoots as an antioxidant rich food; (2) further improving its antioxidant activities through manipulation of agronomy, ecotype and breeding; (3) developing its cell cultures as a commercial platform for phyto-antioxidant production aimed at formulating dietary supplements or food additives in biopharmaceutical industry

Phytoremediation potential of alimurgic plants in metal-contaminated environments

As soil metal contamination is rapidly increasing worldwide, mainly because of human activities, phytomanagement of polluted land is becoming an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective option that can also produce biomass and energy as secondary utilities. Some Asteraceae and Polygonaceae species growing spontaneously as invasive weeds on natural and farmed land, which are considered medical or edible alimurgic species, have been identified to accumulate high above-ground levels of toxic elements, thanks to efficient root-to-shoot translocation. Most of them combine high adaptability to marginal soils with good shoot biomass, and many are metal indicator or hyperaccumulator species. In this study were investigated the shoot and root growth potential, metal uptake and translocation at the flowering stage of wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) and garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) in artificially highly Cd-Co-Cu-Pb-Zn-contaminated soil

Optical parameters of leaves of seven weed species

The absorption coefficient (k), infinite reflectance (R), and scattering coefficient (s) were tabulated for five wavelengths and analyzed for statistical differences for seven weed species. The wavelengths were: 0.55-micrometer, 0.65-micrometers, 0.85-micrometer, 1.65-micrometers, and 2.20-micrometer. The R of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), and annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) leaves at the 0.85-micrometer wavelength were significantly (p=0.05) higher than for sunflower (Heliantus annus L.), ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), or London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Annual sowthistle had the largest k value, and Plamer amaranth (Amaranthus palmer S. Wats.) had the smallest k value at the 0.65 approximately chlorophyll absorption wavelength. In general, john-songress, ragweed parthenium, or London rocket had the largest s values among the five wavelengths, wereas annual sowthistle and plamar amaranth were usually lowest

Produção de massa e acúmulo de nutrientes em crotalária júncea e milheto em estufa agrícola com solo salinizado.

Devido ao uso de insumos sem adequado conhecimento técnico, os agricultores preocupados em garantir elevada produtividade utilizam quantidades excessivas de fertilizantes dentro de estufas agrícolas, promovendo a salinização dessas áreas e inviabilizando seu uso. A troca de local da estrutura, bem como a substituição do solo no seu interior, são opções onerosas e inviáveis para o produtor brasileiro, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento e estudo de técnicas alternativas. Realizou-se experimento em estufa agrícola de produção de hortaliças folhosas, em São Carlos, SP, de 25/11/2009 a 25/01/2010, para determinar a produção de massa e o acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas de crotalária júncea e milheto em condição de solo salinizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos principais foram constituídos de crotalária júncea, milheto e pousio com crescimento de plantas infestantes (testemunha) e os secundários com e sem a aplicação de gesso. A produção de massa fresca da crotalária juncea (56,0 t ha-1) e do milheto (89,9 t ha-1), foram relevantes num período reduzido de produção (53 dias) em época de semeadura tardia. O milheto acumulou maior quantidade de macro e micronutrientes, seguido pela crotalária e pelas plantas infestantes