4,754 research outputs found

    Two New Species of Prαon Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Greece

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    Περιγράφονται δυο νεα είδη στο γε'νος Praon Haliday, το P. staryi spec. nov. και το P. athenaeum spec. nov. To P. staryi καταγράφηκε από την αφίδα Myzus nicotianae Blackman σε Nicotiana tabacum L. To P. athenaeum καταγράφηκε από την αφίδα Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) σε Sonchus oleraceus L.Two new species of Praon Haliday: P. staryi spec. nov. and P. athenaeum spec. nov., are described. P.staryi was collected and reared from Myzus nicotianae Blackman on Nicotiana tabacum L. and P. athenaeum from Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) on Sonchus oleraceus L

    The Spread of Perennial Sow Thistle in Iowa

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    Sow thistle is not a thistle as the common name implies, but it belongs nevertheless to the Thistle Family, Compositae. The genus Sonchus, according to Hegi (1931), is widely distributed in cultivated parts of the temperate and even the subtropical world, and the four ruderal species, now extending their range in North America, are found in Europe, Asia, parts of Africa, and South America. They include the perennials Sonchus arvensis L. and Sonchus arvensis L. var. glabrescens Guenth., Grab., and Wimm. as well as the annuals Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and Sonchus oleraceus L

    Sow Thistle Chloroplast Genomes: Insights into the Plastome Evolution and Relationship of Two Weedy Species, Sonchus asper and Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae)

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    Prickly sow thistle, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and common sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus L., are noxious weeds. Probably originating from the Mediterranean region, they have become widespread species. They share similar morphology and are closely related. However, they differ in their chromosome numbers and the precise relationship between them remains uncertain. Understanding their chloroplast genome structure and evolution is an important initial step toward determining their phylogenetic relationships and analyzing accelerating plant invasion processes on a global scale. We assembled four accessions of chloroplast genomes (two S. asper and two S. oleraceus) by the next generation sequencing approach and conducted comparative genomic analyses. All the chloroplast genomes were highly conserved. Their sizes ranged from 151,808 to 151,849 bp, containing 130 genes including 87 coding genes, 6 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole chloroplast genome sequences showed that S. asper shares a recent common ancestor with S. oleraceus and suggested its likely involvement in a possible amphidiploid origin of S. oleraceus. In total, 79 simple sequence repeats and highly variable regions were identified as the potential chloroplast markers to determine genetic variation and colonization patterns of Sonchus species

    Phytoremediation opportunities with alimurgic species in metal-contaminated environments

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    Alimurgic species are edible wild plants growing spontaneously as invasive weeds in natural grassland and farmed fields. Growing interest in biodiversity conservation projects suggests deeper study of the multifunctional roles they can play in metal uptake for phytoremediation and their food safety when cultivated in polluted land. In this study, the responses of the tap-rooted perennial species Cichorium intybus L., Sonchus oleracerus L., Taraxacum officinaleWeb., Tragopogon porrifolius L. and Rumex acetosa L. were studied in artificially-highly Cd-Co-Cu-Pb-Zn-contaminated soil in a pot-scale trial, and those of T. officinale and R. acetosa in critical open environments (i.e., landfill, ditch sediments, and sides of highly-trafficked roads). Germination was not inhibited, and all species showed appreciable growth, despite considerable increases in tissue metal rates. Substantial growth impairments were observed in C. intybus, T. officinale and T. porrifolius; R. acetosa and S. oleracerus were only marginally affected. Zn was generally well translocated and reached a high leaf concentration, especially in T. officinale (~600 mg/kg dry weight, DW), a result which can be exploited for phytoremediation purposes. The elevated Cd translocation also suggested applications to phytoextraction, particularly with C. intybus, in which leaf Cd reached ~16 mg/kg DW. The generally high root retention of Pb and Cu may allow their phytostabilisation in the medium-term in no-tillage systems, together with significant reductions in metal leaching compared with bare soil. In open systems, critical soil Pb and Zn were associated with heavily trafficked roadsides, although this was only seldom reflected in shoot metal accumulation. It is concluded that a community of alimurgic species can serve to establish an efficient, long-lasting vegetation cover applied for phytoremediation and reduction of soil metal movements in degraded environments. However, their food use is not recommended, since leaf Cd and Pb may exceed EU safety thresholds

    Phytoremediation potential of alimurgic plants in metal-contaminated environments

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    As soil metal contamination is rapidly increasing worldwide, mainly because of human activities, phytomanagement of polluted land is becoming an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective option that can also produce biomass and energy as secondary utilities. Some Asteraceae and Polygonaceae species growing spontaneously as invasive weeds on natural and farmed land, which are considered medical or edible alimurgic species, have been identified to accumulate high above-ground levels of toxic elements, thanks to efficient root-to-shoot translocation. Most of them combine high adaptability to marginal soils with good shoot biomass, and many are metal indicator or hyperaccumulator species. In this study were investigated the shoot and root growth potential, metal uptake and translocation at the flowering stage of wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) and garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) in artificially highly Cd-Co-Cu-Pb-Zn-contaminated soil

    Identificación de malezas dicotiledóneas prevalentes en cultivos de interés agrícola en el valle de Huánuco

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    The weeds, vegetable species that grows spontaneously in cultivated fields and affect the quality and quantity of production, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, they are both plants that have a great potential because, it is considered that they own medicinal properties, therefore, the identification is necessary. The proposed aims in this research work were to determine the prevalence and incidence of dicotyledonous weeds in four agricultural areas of Huanuco. 24 different species of weed were identified, determining like prevalent the following species: Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L. y Sonchus oleraceus L. The cultivated species of sweet potato, beets, corn and alfalfa present a greater variability in species of weed, and have been identified as the most prevalent of the following species: Amaranthus dubius Mart, Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav. y Sonchus oleraceus L.Las malezas, especies vegetales que crecen espontáneamente en campos de cultivo y afectan la calidad y cantidad de la producción, debido a la competencia por agua, luz y nutrientes; son a la vez plantas que encierran un gran potencial porque se considera que poseen propiedades medicinales, por lo que es necesaria su identificación. Los objetivos planteados en este trabajo de investigación fueron determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de malezas dicotiledóneas en cuatro zonas agrícolas de Huánuco. Se identificaron 24 especies diferentes de malezas; determinando como prevalentes las siguientes especies: Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L. y Sonchus oleraceus L. Las especies cultivadas de camote, betarraga, maíz y alfalfa presentan la mayor variabilidad de especies de malezas, habiéndose identificado como las más prevalentes las siguientes especies: Amaranthus dubius Mart, Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav. y Sonchus oleraceus L

    Improving competitive ability of chickpea with sowthistle

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    An experiment was conducted to examine the extent of root and canopy interference of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.). Sowthistle was surrounded with either two or eight chickpea plants. There were different types of competition: no competition, shoot competition, root competition and full competition (root and shoot). The performance of sowthistle grown in full competition with two chickpea plants was the same as that grown with root competition only. Also, there were no significant differences between sowthistle grown with chickpea canopy shade and the control, where there was no competition. On the other hand sowthistle grown with eight neighbours was significantly suppressed in full, canopy or root competition

    Aphids associated with shrubs, herbaceous plants and crops in the Maltese Archipelago (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

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    A survey of the aphids associated with Maltese shrubs, herbaceous plants and crops was carried out. Sixty six aphid species were recorded from more than 90 species of host plants. Forty eight aphids were recorded from the Maltese islands for the fi rst time bringing the total number of aphid species known from these islands to 99. New records include: Acyrthosiphon lactucae, A. pisum, Anoecia vagans, Aphis alienus, A. euphorbiae, A. hederae, A. lambersi, A. multifl orae, A. nasturtii, A. parietariae, A. picridicola, A. ruborum, A. sedi, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Capitophorus sp. nr. similis, Clypeoaphis suaedae, Cryptomyzus korschelti, Dysaphis apiifolia, D. foeniculus, D. pyri, D. tulipae, Hyadaphis coriandri, H. foeniculi, H. passerinii, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Idiopterus nephrelepidis, Macrosiphoniella absinthii, M. artemisiae, M. sanborni, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma. rosae, Melanaphis donacis, Metopolophium dirhodum, Pterochloroides persicae, Rectinasus buxtoni, Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi, R. rufi abdominale, Schizaphis graminum, Semiaphis dauci, Sipha maydis, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae, Therioaphis alatina, Uroleucon inulae, U. hypochoeridis and U. sonchi. Of these 99 aphid species, 58 are of economic importance and 16 are alien introductions. For 15 of the aphid species, a total of 22 new host-plant records are made. Ten species of ants were found attending 18 aphid species.peer-reviewe

    Scientific studies on aerial parts of Sonchus oleraceus Linn

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    Sonchus oleraceus (smooth sow thistle) used in various ancient medicinal systems including Chinese medicine. It possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal properties, especially usedasan antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and as anti-aging. This original article has comprehensive laboratory studies on the aerial parts of Sonchus oleraceus covering the botanical, physicochemical, macroscopic, microscopic, spectroscopic, phytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects in detail.  These data will lay the ground for its correct identification and distinguishing it from other Sonchus species specially    Sonchus arvensis. These studies will also be useful to promote its clinical application as an antioxidant and anti-cancer medicine. The data of standardization parameters and distinguishing characters enlisted in this study will ensure the efficacy, safety and will alsobe helpful for the preparation of a monograph of this weed herb.  
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