Codes, arrangements, matroids, and their polynomial links

Codes, arrangements, matroids, and their polynomial links Many mathematical objects are closely related to each other. While studying certain aspects of a mathematical object, one tries to find a way to "view" the object in a way that is most suitable for a specific problem. Or, in other words, one tries to find the best way to model the problem. Many related fields of mathematics have evolved from one another this way. In practice, it is very useful to be able to transform a problem into other terminology: it gives a lot more available knowledge and that can be helpful to solve a problem. This thesis deals with various closely related fields in discrete mathematics, starting from linear error-correcting codes and their weight enumerator. We can generalize the weight enumerator in two ways, to the extended and generalized weight enumerators. The set of generalized weight enumerators is equivalent to the extended weight enumerator. Summarizing and extending known theory, we define the two-variable zeta polynomial of a code and its generalized zeta polynomial. These polynomials are equivalent to the extended and generalized weight enumerator of a code. We can determine the extended and generalized weight enumerator using projective systems. This calculation is explicitly done for codes coming from finite projective and affine spaces: these are the simplex code and the first order Reed-Muller code. As a result we do not only get the weight enumerator of these codes, but it also gives us information on their geometric structure. This is useful information in determining the dimension of geometric designs. To every linear code we can associate a matroid that is representable over a finite field. A famous and well-studied polynomial associated to matroids is the Tutte polynomial, or rank generating function. It is equivalent to the extended weight enumerator. This leads to a short proof of the MacWilliams relations for the extended weight enumerator. For every matroid, its flats form a geometric lattice. On the other hand, every geometric lattice induces a simple matroid. The Tutte polynomial of a matroid determines the coboundary polynomial of the associated geometric lattice. In the case of simple matroids, this becomes a two-way equivalence. Another polynomial associated to a geometric lattice (or, more general, to a poset) is the Möbius polynomial. It is not determined by the coboundary polynomial, neither the other way around. However, we can give conditions under which the Möbius polynomial of a simple matroid together with the Möbius polynomial of its dual matroid defines the coboundary polynomial. The proof of these relations involves the two-variable zeta polynomial, that can be generalized from codes to matroids. Both matroids and geometric lattices can be truncated to get an object of lower rank. The truncated matroid of a representable matroid is again representable. Truncation formulas exist for the coboundary and Möbius polynomial of a geometric lattice and the spectrum polynomial of a matroid, generalizing the known truncation formula of the Tutte polynomial of a matroid. Several examples and counterexamples are given for all the theory. To conclude, we give an overview of all polynomial relations

[Research Pertaining to Physics, Space Sciences, Computer Systems, Information Processing, and Control Systems]

Research project reports pertaining to physics, space sciences, computer systems, information processing, and control system

Some subsets of points in the plane associated to truncated Reed–Muller codes with good parameters

AbstractWe gives some examples of subsets of points in the projective plane associated to truncated generalized projective Reed–Muller codes with good parameters, of dimensions 6 and 10 over GF(7), GF(8) and GF(9)

Reticulados em problemas de comunicação

Orientadores: Sueli Irene Rodrigues Costa, Vinay Anant VaishampayanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação CientíficaResumo: O estudo de códigos no contexto de reticulados e outras constelações discretas para aplicações em comunicações é um tópico de interesse na área de teoria da informação. Certas construções de reticulados, como é o caso das Construções A e D, e de outras constelações que não são reticulados, como a Construção C, são utilizadas na decodificação multi-estágio e para quantização vetorial eficiente. Isso motiva a primeira contribuição deste trabalho, que consiste em investigar características da Construção C e propor uma nova construção baseada em códigos lineares, que chamamos de Construção $C^\star,$ analisando suas propriedades (condições para ser reticulado, uniformidade geométrica e distância mínima) e relação com a Construção C. Problemas na área de comunicações envolvendo reticulados podem ser computacionalmente difíceis à medida que a dimensão aumenta, como é o caso de, dado um vetor no espaço real $n-$dimensional, determinar o ponto do reticulado mais próximo a este. A segunda contribuição deste trabalho é a análise desse problema restrito a um sistema distribuído, ou seja, onde o vetor a ser decodificado possui cada uma de suas coordenadas disponíveis em um nó distinto desse sistema. Nessa investigação, encontramos uma solução aproximada para duas e três dimensões considerando a partição de Babai e também estudamos o custo de comunicação envolvidoAbstract: The study of codes in the context of lattices and other discrete constellations for applications in communications is a topic of interest in the area of information theory. Some lattice constructions, such as the known Constructions A and D, and other special nonlattice constellations, as Construction C, are used in multi-stage decoding and efficient vector quantization. This motivates the first contribution of this work, which is to investigate characteristics of Construction C and to propose a new construction based on linear codes that we called Construction $C^\star,$ analyzing its properties (latticeness, geometric uniformity and minimum distance) and relations with Construction C. Communication problems related to lattices can be computationally hard when the dimension increases, as it is the case of, given a real vector in the $n-$dimensional space, determine the closest lattice point to it. The second contribution of this work is the analysis of this problem restricted to a distributed system, i.e., where the vector to be decoded has each coordinate available in a separated node in this system. In this investigation, we find the approximate solution for two and three dimensions considering the Babai partition and study the communication cost involvedDoutoradoMatematica AplicadaDoutora em Matemática Aplicada140797/2017-3CNPQCAPE

New Approaches to the Analysis and Design of Reed-Solomon Related Codes

The research that led to this thesis was inspired by Sudan's breakthrough that demonstrated that Reed-Solomon codes can correct more errors than previously thought. This breakthrough can render the current state-of-the-art Reed-Solomon decoders obsolete. Much of the importance of Reed-Solomon codes stems from their ubiquity and utility. This thesis takes a few steps toward a deeper understanding of Reed-Solomon codes as well as toward the design of efficient algorithms for decoding them. After studying the binary images of Reed-Solomon codes, we proceeded to analyze their performance under optimum decoding. Moreover, we investigated the performance of Reed-Solomon codes in network scenarios when the code is shared by many users or applications. We proved that Reed-Solomon codes have many more desirable properties. Algebraic soft decoding of Reed-Solomon codes is a class of algorithms that was stirred by Sudan's breakthrough. We developed a mathematical model for algebraic soft decoding. By designing Reed-Solomon decoding algorithms, we showed that algebraic soft decoding can indeed approach the ultimate performance limits of Reed-Solomon codes. We then shifted our attention to products of Reed-Solomon codes. We analyzed the performance of linear product codes in general and Reed-Solomon product codes in particular. Motivated by these results we designed a number of algorithms, based on Sudan's breakthrough, for decoding Reed-Solomon product codes. Lastly, we tackled the problem of analyzing the performance of sphere decoding of lattice codes and linear codes, e.g., Reed-Solomon codes, with an eye on the tradeoff between performance and complexity.</p

The 1991 3rd NASA Symposium on VLSI Design

Papers from the symposium are presented from the following sessions: (1) featured presentations 1; (2) very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit design; (3) VLSI architecture 1; (4) featured presentations 2; (5) neural networks; (6) VLSI architectures 2; (7) featured presentations 3; (8) verification 1; (9) analog design; (10) verification 2; (11) design innovations 1; (12) asynchronous design; and (13) design innovations 2