Men’s Jeans Fit Based on Body Shape Categorization

The purpose of this study was to categorize lower body shape in men and to investigate the interplay between body shape and fitting issues appearing in men’s jeans. More specifically, the goal of the study was to improve apparel fit based on body shape. The detailed objectives of the study were to: (1) Categorize male body shapes using statistical analysis; (2) use 3D virtual fitting technology to assess fit and develop a shape-driven pants block pattern for each body shape. This quantitative study was conducted in three stages: (1) categorizing the body shape of 1420 male scans, aged 18-35, from the SizeUSA dataset, (2) develop a shape-driven pants block pattern for each identified body shape, and (3) validate the developed blocks by virtually trying the shape-driven block pattern on fit testers from different body shape groups. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and cluster analysis were used for body shape categorization, which resulted in three different body shapes: (1) Flat-Straight, (2) Moderate Curvy-Straight, and (3) Curvy. Three fit models were selected from each identified body shape group and then patterns were developed using Armstrong’s (2005) jeans foundation method. Patterns were modified and fitted to the selected representative fit models of each body shape group. The developed shape-driven block patterns were simulated on the fit testers to further explore the relationship between body shape and fit issues. This study suggests that two individuals with identical body measurements may experience very different fit problems tailored to their different body shapes. It was found that each body shape would exclusively experience unique fit issues. Furthermore, the shape driven block patterns were found to be highly correlated with their host body shape category. This research implies that if the mass customization process starts with block patterns that are engineered for specific body shape categories significantly less fit issues would appear and the desired fit would be achieved in fewer fitting sessions

Survey Instrument for Gender Based Violence

This is a proposal for the design of a survey on gender-based violence across Europe. It introduces the purpose of the survey, which shapes the priorities embedded in the proposed design. It identifies the major issues involved in operationalising the concept of gender-based violence for a survey. It identifies some technical issues and how they are best addressed. The focus is on the questionnaire, largely leaving to one side the design of the survey and its strategy for issues such as sampling. This proposal draws on experience of a wide range of surveys and draws on selected parts of the architecture and questionnaire of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), modified to fit the present priorities

Winter Running Gear

The purpose was to create winter running gear related to the aesthetics of a company that I would be interviewing with after graduation. I conducted research on the brand (Under Armour) and the trends of Autumn/Winter 2014/2015 on fit, fabric, and construction. The over-riding theme for style lines were robotics and super-athletes which led me to examine machinery and muscles. The resulting design incorporated trends of contoured fit, plaids and geometric shapes, use of reflective tapes, zippered pockets, and multiple panels often flat-locked

Mass Customization: Perceptions of Related Technologies and Resulting Product

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the customization process and the impact of fit preference on a successful custom garment development. A simple princess line shift dress was developed for each of the 21 participants. Participants were body scanned and measurements for the bust, waist, hip, back-waist length, waist to knee length and waist to hip length were extracted. All of the participants had a custom fit garment created for their measurements. Three surveys were conducted to investigate participants\u27 perceptions of their body shapes, fit preferences and custom garments. The results showed that participants were comfortable being body scanned and were generally satisfied with their body image and with the measurements, and 57% of the participants preferred a regular fit garment, and the majority of the participants found the fit of the custom dress to be acceptable except for the length of the garment

Impacts of female body shapes on patternmaking

Clothing fit is one of the most important factors that affect consumers’ purchasing behaviour and body movement comfort. This study aims to examine the effects of different female body shapes on clothing pattern design. For this purpose, body measurements of 231 women aged between 18 and 25 were taken and classified according to body shapes and sizes. Then the impacts of body shapes were investigated on basic dress pattern drawing with standard dart prepared in Müller&Sohn patternmaking system. Darted basic dress patterns of women who had a body size of 36 and piled up in pear and rectangle body shapes were adjusted, and these adjustments were compared. While pattern adjustments were carried out according to the rectangle and pear body shape, necessary changes were made on the full height, the girths of breasts, waist, hip and front, back and front average length measurements

Nuclear shape coexistence : a study of the even-even Hg isotopes using the interacting boson model with configuration mixing

Background: The Po, Pb, Hg, and Pt region is known for the presence of coexisting structures that correspond to different particle-hole configurations in the shell model language or equivalently to nuclear shapes with different deformation. Purpose: We intend to study the configuration mixing phenomenon in the Hg isotopes and to understand how different observables are influenced by it. Method: We study in detail a long chain of mercury isotopes, Hg172-200, using the interacting boson model with configuration mixing. The parameters of the Hamiltonians are fixed through a least-squares fit to the known energies and absolute B(E2) transition rates of states up to 3 MeV. Results: We obtained the IBM-CM Hamiltonians and we calculate excitation energies, B(E2)'s, quadrupole shape invariants, wave functions, isotopic shifts, and mean-field energy surfaces. Conclusions: We obtain a fairly good agreement with the experimental data for all the studied observables and we conclude that the Hamiltonian and the states we obtain constitute a good approximation to the Hg isotopes

Computerized pattern making focus on fitting to 3D human body shapes

Purpose - This paper aims to describe the development of a method of constructing three-dimensional (3D) human body shapes that include a degree of ease for purpose of computerized pattern making. Design/methodology/approach - The body shape could be made with ease allowance to an individual's unique body shape using sweep method and a convex method. And then generates tight skirt patterns for the reconstructed virtual body shape using a computerized pattern making system. Findings - This paper obtains individual patterns using individually reconstructed 3D body shapes by computerized pattern development. In these patterns, complex curved lines such as waist lines and dart lines are created automatically using the developed method. The method is successfully used to make variations of a tight skirt to fit different size women. The author also used the method to make other skirts of various designs. Originality/value - The method described in this paper is useful for making patterns and then garments, without the need for the garments to be later adjusted for the subject.ArticleInternational Journal of Clothing Science and Technology. 22(1):16-24 (2010)journal articl

Data and Predictive Analytics Use for Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the social process of Big Data and predictive analytics (BDPA) use for logistics and supply chain management (LSCM), focusing on interactions among technology, human behavior and organizational context that occur at the technology’s post-adoption phases in retail supply chain (RSC) organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow a grounded theory approach for theory building based on interviews with senior managers of 15 organizations positioned across multiple echelons in the RSC. Findings Findings reveal how user involvement shapes BDPA to fit organizational structures and how changes made to the technology retroactively affect its design and institutional properties. Findings also reveal previously unreported aspects of BDPA use for LSCM. These include the presence of temporal and spatial discontinuities in the technology use across RSC organizations. Practical implications This study unveils that it is impossible to design a BDPA technology ready for immediate use. The emergent process framework shows that institutional and social factors require BDPA use specific to the organization, as the technology comes to reflect the properties of the organization and the wider social environment for which its designers originally intended. BDPA is, thus, not easily transferrable among collaborating RSC organizations and requires managerial attention to the institutional context within which its usage takes place. Originality/value The literature describes why organizations will use BDPA but fails to provide adequate insight into how BDPA use occurs. The authors address the “how” and bring a social perspective into a technology-centric area

COMPARISON OF FOOT MORPHOLOGY AND PREFERRED SHOE FOR IMPROVING RUNNING SHOE FITTING

The purpose of this study was to compare the shoe internal space and foot shapes of different type for increasing sense of shoe fitting. 347 healthy subjects (male=160; female=187) without any pathological conditions of the foot participated in this study. 11 pairs of running shoes have different size (230-280mm) with same material and appearances were prepared and the shapes of shoe last were also measured for these shoes. In order evaluating the sense of shoe fitting, 6 fit indicators were analysed by comparing the shape of shoe last with foot morphology. We could find that people with wider feet tend to wear tighter shoes and narrower feet preferred to wear looser shoes that seems to significantly affect by the experience. And the sense of shoe fitting was significant different from gender and foot type which can be used as important data for recommending shoe size and to make customized shoe

A design framework for the mass customisation of custom-fit bicycle helmet models

Mass customisation (MC) can provide significant benefits to the customers. For example, custom-fit design approaches can improve the users’ perceived comfort of products where the fit is an important feature. MC can also bring major value to the producers, where for instance, premium prices can be implemented to the products. Research show that MC can bring competitive advantages especially when the system is new. It is therefore surprising that MC of helmets has not been studied more extensively, especially given the advances in 3D scanning, computational analyses, parametric design, and additive manufacturing techniques. The purpose of this study was to present a novel MC framework for the design of custom-fit bicycle helmet models. In the proposed design framework, we first categorized a subset of the Australian population into four groups of individuals based on their similar head shapes. New customers were then classified inside one of these groups. The customisation took place inside these groups to ensure that only small variations of the helmet liner were implemented. During the design process, the inside surfaces of a generic helmet model was modified to match the customer's head shape. We demonstrated that all the customized models created complied with the relevant drop impact test standard if their liner thickness was between the worst and best case helmets of each group. Fit accuracy was verified using an objective evaluation method. Future work should include detailed description of the manufacturing methods engaged in our MC framework