991 research outputs found
Low-frequency vibrations of soft colloidal glasses
We conduct experiments on two-dimensional packings of colloidal
thermosensitive hydrogel particles whose packing fraction can be tuned above
the jamming transition by varying the temperature. By measuring displacement
correlations between particles, we extract the vibrational properties of a
corresponding "shadow" system with the same configuration and interactions, but
for which the dynamics of the particles are undamped. The vibrational spectrum
and the nature of the modes are very similar to those predicted for
zero-temperature idealized sphere models and found in atomic and molecular
glasses; there is a boson peak at low frequency that shifts to higher frequency
as the system is compressed above the jamming transition.Comment: 4 figure
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Local agency, adaptation and the shadow system: The institutional architecture of social learning in rural areas of the UK and India
Rural communities across the world face at times a range of environmental, social and economic pressures that threaten their viability in their current form. The ability
of local actors to exercise agency in response to potential and emerging threats is of key interest in understanding their capacity to adapt. This paper argues that top-down narratives which focus on canonical organisations and formal institutions are at best a partial account of rural adaptation. More attention needs to be paid to the shadow system, the web of informal and often hidden relationships that permeate public and
private life. In the organisational and institutional literature, shadow systems have been discounted as either too complex to be tractable or an inevitable source of corruption and nepotism. Two case studies are presented to establish that neither claim is inexorably true: (i) the adaptation of dairy farmers to market and climate change in
Carmarthenshire, South Wales and (ii) NGO mediation of community/state interaction in Tamilnadu, South India. In conclusion, some theoretical and methodological themes are highlighted for further research. These hold the potential
to enable a better understanding of the shadow system, and its potential and pitfalls as a site of local agency in rural adaptation.
Acnowledgements: This paper draws on learning from two research projects: (i) 'Rapid climate change in the UK: towards an institutional theory of adaptation', funded by the UK Economic and Social Science Research Council's Environment and Human Behaviour Programme, and (ii) 'Thaan Vuzha Nilam Tharisu: The land without a farmer becomes barren', carried out by SPEECH, a Tamil NGO, as part of a larger International Institute for Environment and Development research programme – 'Policies that Work for Sustainable Agriculture and Regenerating Rural Economies.� The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and institutional assistance that made this research possible
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Stability of monotone solutions for the shadow Gierer-Meinhardt system with finite diffusivity
We consider the following shadow system of the Gierer-Meinhardt model:
\left\{\begin{array}{l}
A_t= \epsilon^2 A_{xx} -A +\frac{A^p}{\xi^q},\, 00,\\
\tau \xi_t= -\xi + \xi^{-s} \int_0^1 A^2 \,dx,\\
A>0,\, A_x (0,t)= A_x(1, t)=0,
\end{array}
\right.
where 1<p<+\infty,\,
\frac{2q}{p-1} >s+1,\, s\geq 0, and \tau >0.
It is known that a nontrivial monotone steady-state solution exists if and only if
\ep < \frac{\sqrt{p-1}}{\pi}.
In this paper, we show that for any \ep < \frac{\sqrt{p-1}}{\pi}, and
p=2 or p=3, there exists a unique \tau_c>0 such that for
\tau\tau_c it is linearly unstable. (This result is optimal.)
The transversality of this Hopf bifurcation is proven.
Other cases for the exponents as well as extensions to higher
dimensions are also considered. Our proof makes use of functional analysis and the properties of Weierstrass functions and elliptic integrals
Canard-like phenomena in piecewise-smooth Van der Pol systems
We show that a nonlinear, piecewise-smooth, planar dynamical system can
exhibit canard phenomena. Canard solutions and explosion in nonlinear,
piecewise-smooth systems can be qualitatively more similar to the phenomena in
smooth systems than piecewise-linear systems, since the nonlinearity allows for
canards to transition from small cycles to canards ``with heads." The canards
are born of a bifurcation that occurs as the slow-nullcline coincides with the
splitting manifold. However, there are conditions under which this bifurcation
leads to a phenomenon called super-explosion, the instantaneous transition from
a globally attracting periodic orbit to relaxations oscillations. Also, we
demonstrate that the bifurcation---whether leading to canards or
super-explosion---can be subcritical.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
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