Classification and information structure of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner: methodology for analyzing the registered data of Vila Vella, historic center of Tossa de Mar

This paper presents a methodology for an architectural survey, based on the Terrestrial Laser Scanning technology TLS, not as a simple measurement and representation work, but with the purpose understanding the projects being studied, starting from the analysis, as a process of distinction and separation of the parts of a whole, in order to know their principles or elements. As a case study we start from the Vila Vella recording, conducted by the City’s Virtual Modeling Laboratory in 2008, being taken up from the start, in relation to the registration, georeferencing, filtering and handling. Aimed at a later stage of decomposition and composition of data, in terms of floor plan and facades, using semiautomatic classification techniques, for the detection of vegetation as well as the relationship of the planes of the surfaces, leading to reorganize the information from 3D data to 2D and 2.5D, considering information management, as well as the characteristics of the case study presented, in the development of methods for the construction and exploitation of new databases, to be exploited by the Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing.Peer Reviewe

Classification and information structure of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner: methodology for analyzing the registered data of Vila Vella, historic center of Tossa de Mar

This paper presents a methodology for an architectural survey, based on the Terrestrial Laser Scanning technology TLS, not as a simple measurement and representation work, but with the purpose understanding the projects being studied, starting from the analysis, as a process of distinction and separation of the parts of a whole, in order to know their principles or elements. As a case study we start from the Vila Vella recording, conducted by the City’s Virtual Modeling Laboratory in 2008, being taken up from the start, in relation to the registration, georeferencing, filtering and handling. Aimed at a later stage of decomposition and composition of data, in terms of floor plan and facades, using semiautomatic classification techniques, for the detection of vegetation as well as the relationship of the planes of the surfaces, leading to reorganize the information from 3D data to 2D and 2.5D, considering information management, as well as the characteristics of the case study presented, in the development of methods for the construction and exploitation of new databases, to be exploited by the Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing.Peer Reviewe

Towards the automatic 3D parametrization of non-planar surfaces from point clouds in HBIM applications

Producción Científica3D laser scanning and photogrammetric 3D reconstruction generate point clouds from which the geometry of BIM models can be created. However, a few methods do this automatically for concrete architectural elements, but in no case for the entirety of heritage assets. A novel procedure for the automatic recognition and parametrization of non-planar surfaces of heritage immovable assets is presented using point clouds as raw input data. The methodology is able to detect the most relevant architectural features in a point cloud and their interdependences through the analysis of the intersections of related elements. The non-planar surfaces detected, mainly cylinders, are studied in relation to the neighbouring planar surfaces present in the cloud so that the boundaries of both the planar and the non-planar surfaces are accurately defined. The procedure is applied to the emblematic Castle of Torrelobatón, located in Valladolid (Spain) to allow the cataloguing of required elements, as illustrative example of the European defensive architecture from the Middle age to the Renaissance period. Results and conclusions are reported to evaluate the performance of this approach

Between images and built form: Automating the recognition of standardised building components using deep learning

Building on the richness of recent contributions in the field, this paper presents a state-of-the-art CNN analysis method for automatingthe recognition of standardised building components in modern heritage buildings. At the turn of the twentieth century manufacturedbuilding components became widely advertised for specification by architects. Consequently, a form of standardisation across varioustypologies began to take place. During this era of rapid economic and industrialised growth, many forms of public building wereerected. This paper seeks to demonstrate a method for informing the recognition of such elements using deep learning to recognise'families' of elements across a range of buildings in order to retrieve and recognise their technical specifications from the contemporarytrade literature. The method is illustrated through the case of Carnegie Public Libraries in the UK, which provides a unique butubiquitous platform from which to explore the potential for the automated recognition of manufactured standard architecturalcomponents. The aim of enhancing this knowledge base is to use the degree to which these were standardised originally as a means toinform and so support their ongoing care but also that of many other contemporary buildings. Although these libraries are numerous,they are maintained at a local level and as such, their shared challenges for maintenance remain unknown to one another. Additionally,this paper presents a methodology to indirectly retrieve useful indicators and semantics, relating to emerging HBIM families, byapplying deep learning to a varied range of architectural imagery

Geobim for digital building permit process: Learning from a case study in Rotterdam

Among the digitalization processes which are being raised in Europe and in the world, the building permit process is seen as one of the priorities by municipalities, governmental institutions and standardization organizations. However, in current practice, the building permit issuing as well as the integration of geoinformation with BIM (GeoBIM) suffers from a number of complex sub-issues. These issues still remain and prevent the development of successful methodologies. In this paper, the building permit use case is explored within a project in close collaboration with the municipality of Rotterdam. A very specific case study in Rotterdam was selected as a starting point, which allowed us to develop the needed methodology for the implementation of an effective tool. In this paper we highlight the interpretation and formalization of regulation for building height, overhang and tower ratio. While these rules are specific to a zoning plan in Rotterdam, we believe that the methodology and encountered issues in formalizing the rules, applying the rules on delivered models and integrating various data sources (BIM and GIS specifically) are general to most building codes

Real-World Normal Map Capture for Nearly Flat Reflective Surfaces

Although specular objects have gained interest in recent years, virtually no approaches exist for markerless reconstruction of reflective scenes in the wild. In this work, we present a practical approach to capturing normal maps in real-world scenes using video only. We focus on nearly planar surfaces such as windows, facades from glass or metal, or frames, screens and other indoor objects and show how normal maps of these can be obtained without the use of an artificial calibration object. Rather, we track the reflections of real-world straight lines, while moving with a hand-held or vehicle-mounted camera in front of the object. In contrast to error-prone local edge tracking, we obtain the reflections by a robust, global segmentation technique of an ortho-rectified 3D video cube that also naturally allows efficient user interaction. Then, at each point of the reflective surface, the resulting 2D-curve to 3D-line correspondence provides a novel quadratic constraint on the local surface normal. This allows to globally solve for the shape by integrability and smoothness constraints and easily supports the usage of multiple lines. We demonstrate the technique on several objects and facades

Towards 4D Virtual City Reconstruction From Lidar Point Cloud Sequences

In this paper we propose a joint approach on virtual city reconstruction and dynamic scene analysis based on point cloud sequences of a single car-mounted Rotating Multi-Beam (RMB) Lidar sensor. The aim of the addressed work is to create 4D spatio-temporal models of large dynamic urban scenes containing various moving and static objects. Standalone RMB Lidar devices have been frequently applied in robot navigation tasks and proved to be efficient in moving object detection and recognition. However, they have not been widely exploited yet for geometric approximation of ground surfaces and building facades due to the sparseness and inhomogeneous density of the individual point cloud scans. In our approach we propose an automatic registration method of the consecutive scans without any additional sensor information such as IMU, and introduce a process for simultaneously extracting reconstructed surfaces, motion information and objects from the registered dense point cloud completed with point time stamp information

Reconocimiento de patrones de diseño de casas nativas en la provincia de Mazandaran con enfoque climático

In Forming residential house in Khazar’s shore, climatic condition plays a basic role because in them had used of natural energy and environmental condition for heating, cooling and air conditioning.With studying, recognition and analyses of principles and patterns of native architecture can find out the compatibility of them with the climatic condition. With appearing modern architecture and destroying construction identity, patternology is one of the important issues that wants to find the practical methods for accessing to identity maker elements and patterns of past and using of them in now a day modern architecture. Traditional residential texture as the fundamental core of cities and so elements and architecture construction in them undoubtedly are worthy heritage for studying and analyzing and presenting proper patterns of native architecture.  In this study first with an analyzing- descriptive approach have an overview and then the skeletal factors affecting texture and traditional residential constructions of Mazandaran province patternology are identified. Study method in this method is analyzing-descriptive and used of fieldwork for fundamental recognition and identifying for sample structures that are under studying. Finally, due to the obtained results, principles of native architecture and comparison of available criteria, native house designing patterns will present.Las condiciones climáticas juegan un papel clave en la formación de casas residenciales en la costa del Caspio porque utilizan energía natural y condiciones ambientales para la calefacción, refrigeración y aire acondicionado. Al estudiar, reconocer y analizar los principios y patrones de la arquitectura indígena, podemos descubrir su compatibilidad con las condiciones climáticas. Con el advenimiento de la arquitectura moderna y la destrucción de la identidad estructural, el modelado es uno de los temas importantes que quiere encontrar formas prácticas de lograr los elementos y patrones de identidad del pasado y utilizarlos en la arquitectura moderna. El tejido residencial tradicional como núcleo básico de las ciudades y por tanto los elementos y la construcción de la arquitectura en ellas es sin duda un patrimonio digno para el estudio y análisis y presentación de patrones adecuados de la arquitectura indígena. En este estudio, primero con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico, una visión general y luego se identifican los factores esqueléticos que afectan la textura y las construcciones residenciales tradicionales de la provincia de Mazandaran. Método de estudio En este método, el análisis descriptivo y el uso del trabajo de campo para identificar los conceptos básicos e identificar las estructuras muestrales en estudio. Finalmente, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se presentan los principios de la arquitectura indígena y la comparación de los criterios existentes, los patrones de diseño de las casas indígenas

Reconocimiento de patrones de diseño de casas nativas en la provincia de Mazandaran con enfoque climático

Las condiciones climáticas juegan un papel clave en la formación de casas residenciales en la costa del Caspio porque utilizan energía natural y condiciones ambientales para la calefacción, refrigeración y aire acondicionado. Al estudiar, reconocer y analizar los principios y patrones de la arquitectura indígena, podemos descubrir su compatibilidad con las condiciones climáticas. Con el advenimiento de la arquitectura moderna y la destrucción de la identidad estructural, el modelado es uno de los temas importantes que quiere encontrar formas prácticas de lograr los elementos y patrones de identidad del pasado y utilizarlos en la arquitectura moderna. El tejido residencial tradicional como núcleo básico de las ciudades y por tanto los elementos y la construcción de la arquitectura en ellas es sin duda un patrimonio digno para el estudio y análisis y presentación de patrones adecuados de la arquitectura indígena. En este estudio, primero con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico, una visión general y luego se identifican los factores esqueléticos que afectan la textura y las construcciones residenciales tradicionales de la provincia de Mazandaran. Método de estudio En este método, el análisis descriptivo y el uso del trabajo de campo para identificar los conceptos básicos e identificar las estructuras muestrales en estudio. Finalmente, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se presentan los principios de la arquitectura indígena y la comparación de los criterios existentes, los patrones de diseño de las casas indígenas

Reconocimiento de patrones de diseño de casas nativas en la provincia de Mazandaran con enfoque climático

In Forming residential house in Khazar’s shore, climatic condition plays a basic role because in them had used of natural energy and environmental condition for heating, cooling and air conditioning.With studying, recognition and analyses of principles and patterns of native architecture can find out the compatibility of them with the climatic condition. With appearing modern architecture and destroying construction identity, patternology is one of the important issues that wants to find the practical methods for accessing to identity maker elements and patterns of past and using of them in now a day modern architecture. Traditional residential texture as the fundamental core of cities and so elements and architecture construction in them undoubtedly are worthy heritage for studying and analyzing and presenting proper patterns of native architecture.  In this study first with an analyzing- descriptive approach have an overview and then the skeletal factors affecting texture and traditional residential constructions of Mazandaran province patternology are identified. Study method in this method is analyzing-descriptive and used of fieldwork for fundamental recognition and identifying for sample structures that are under studying. Finally, due to the obtained results, principles of native architecture and comparison of available criteria, native house designing patterns will present.Las condiciones climáticas juegan un papel clave en la formación de casas residenciales en la costa del Caspio porque utilizan energía natural y condiciones ambientales para la calefacción, refrigeración y aire acondicionado. Al estudiar, reconocer y analizar los principios y patrones de la arquitectura indígena, podemos descubrir su compatibilidad con las condiciones climáticas. Con el advenimiento de la arquitectura moderna y la destrucción de la identidad estructural, el modelado es uno de los temas importantes que quiere encontrar formas prácticas de lograr los elementos y patrones de identidad del pasado y utilizarlos en la arquitectura moderna. El tejido residencial tradicional como núcleo básico de las ciudades y por tanto los elementos y la construcción de la arquitectura en ellas es sin duda un patrimonio digno para el estudio y análisis y presentación de patrones adecuados de la arquitectura indígena. En este estudio, primero con un enfoque descriptivo-analítico, una visión general y luego se identifican los factores esqueléticos que afectan la textura y las construcciones residenciales tradicionales de la provincia de Mazandaran. Método de estudio En este método, el análisis descriptivo y el uso del trabajo de campo para identificar los conceptos básicos e identificar las estructuras muestrales en estudio. Finalmente, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se presentan los principios de la arquitectura indígena y la comparación de los criterios existentes, los patrones de diseño de las casas indígenas