"Is It Not Our Land?" an Ethnohistory of the Susquehanna-ohio Indian Alliance, 1701-1754

Histor

Sociologists and the Vietnam War: a Historical Document Analysis (Commodification, Post-Industrial).

Textbooks are important representative statements of certified and legitimated knowledge within an academic discipline, and the manner in which introductory sociology textbooks assess society reflect the power and sophistication of theories in discerning social patterns and structures. That the pivotal historical event of the Vietnam War and its implications for contemporary American social institutions was virtually omitted in our sample of one hundred-twenty textbooks raises critical issues for sociology. Content analysis of Vietnam War era textbooks (1954-1975) revealed 75% of the sample, divided among four major research orienting paradigms extant in sociology, ignored mention of the war and only the conflict-oriented texts afforded analysis of the American structural dynamics connected with Vietnam. Apart from these texts, the rest of the sample assumed an intentional or unintentional functional perspective regarding the Vietnam War and corresponding structurally induced domestic and foreign violence endemic to America\u27s military-industrial complex. This paradigmatic bias toward macrolevel phenomena is traceable to historical, social, cultural and institutional factors in sociology\u27s emergence and development in the Academy. Marketing considerations may further impede the textbook representation of opposing viewpoints of the consensual and shared-goal value embodied in the sampled texts. Too, since academic sociology is institutionally aligned with a welfare-warfare state philosophy, and is institutionally enjoined to train students for jobs in post-industrial society, its classical discovery process is commodified, resulting in an unbalanced presentation of American society to introductory students and to future professional sociologists. Such dominant textbook images, values and ideas about American institutions impede creative insight and comprehension of elemental domains of society that warrant wide professional review

Respectable Folly

Originally published in 1975. The French Revolution generated a wave of popular piety and religious excitement in both France and England, where millenarians—prophets of the millennium—attempted to interpret the Revolution as the fulfillment of the predictions of Daniel and St. John the Divine. This study discusses the millenarian ideal in the context of the intellectual and religious attitudes of the time. Rejecting interpretations of millenarianism that chalk it up to class struggle or mass hysteria, Garrett stresses the interaction between politics and religion, viewing the phenomenon as the interpretation, by a varied assortment of individuals, of coincident political events in eschatological terms. Faced with a change as significant as the French Revolution, people found in the prophetic books of the Bible an understanding of what was happening to them. If the Revolution was God's will, if its development had been foretold, then surely the final outcome would be beneficial, at least for the faithful. Political events became eschatological events, and dangers and misfortunes became simply the chastisements that a fallen world must undergo before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ can redeem it. Although some of the beliefs may now seem bizarre, Garrett shows that, at the time, they attracted many followers for whom these ideas were both reasonable and respectable. Focusing on the careers of three millenarians—Suzette Labrousse, Catherine Théot, and Richard Brothers—Garrett tries to understand these prophets as persons rather than dismiss them as fanatics. Their prominence resulted from their success in transmitting a new political consciousness through familiar religious imagery. While the Revolution gave urgency and tangible reality to millenarian convictions, Labrousse, Théot, and others were convinced, well before the Revolution, that they were the bearers of divine revelations and thus welcomed the Revolution as confirmation of their own missions

To rend and teare the bodies of men: Theology and the body in demonic possession; France, England, and Puritan America, 1550-1700

During the Reformation, Protestants attempted to recast their theology in opposition to the Roman Catholic system. They succeeded in most areas. There was, however, one area of theology where this was not true: demonology and spiritual possession. Incidents of demonic possession rose during the second quarter of the sixteenth century, reached a crescendo by the first quarter of the seventeenth century, and except for a flurry or two, died out near the beginning of the eighteenth century. This dissertation examines the published materials relating to the physical phenomena of demonic possession in France, England, and Puritan America from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in three categories: theology, law and medicine. By concentrating on the corporeal aspects of the phenomenon, I have delineated aspects of the problem which were most important to each profession, outlined differences between the professions in discernment of the spirits and the remedies prescribed, and offered explanations for the dissolution of the interest in demonic possession as a diagnosis. In searching for answers to the rise of demonic possession, both Catholics and Reformers resorted to shared sources: the Bible, Church Fathers, Classical authors, and scholastics. Therefore, the demonology remained constant for both sides. It was not whether one was Roman Catholic or Reformed but whether one adhered to the philosophical system outlined by Plato or the one by Aristotle. Puritan thought was dictated by the scholastic education at Cambridge University and by a lack of a reformed angelology to counterbalance the Summa Theologica of Aquinas. Thinkers who diagnosed behavior as demonic and sanctioned witchcraft persecution were usually Aristotelian in thought. Neoplatonic thinkers searched for other origins. This has implications for the study of Protestant and Puritan theology. The Salem events, for instance, happened the way they did not so much because of sociological or political problems, but because anomalous human behavior was interpreted in an Aristotelian manner. Finally, this work is an attempt to offer a broader insight into the intellectual history of the early modern period through a study of the use of the human body to explain theological assumptions

Clothing the saints and furnishing Heaven : a Puritan legacy in the New World

The thesis deals with the concepts of Millenarianism and the witnessing of Faith through costume, textiles and related arts. The responses of five religious sects, Amish, Shaker, Puritan, Quakers and Mennonites, are examined. This text falls into two discrete sections. Chapter One details the historic background of the sects. Subsequent chapters outline the Millennial impulse of the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries and resulting emigration to the New World. These chapters detail Utopian social models and a discussion of textiles and clothing as indicators of history and human experience. Chapter Three is an overview of religious iconography in this area of American art, touching on themes and the role in society of both the art and the artist. It discusses allegory and symbolism in the visual arts. The second half of the thesis focuses on the costume and textiles of each group. Particular consideration is given to the use of iconography, symbolism and allegory in their visual creations. Internal doctrinal differences are examined such as interpretations of the Biblical injuction to be 'plain', and the central role that the concept of being 'not conformed to the World' plays in the social/aesthetic/religious development of the sects. Apparent theological contradictions are highlighted and addressed. Pressures on each sect to adapt to the cultural norm that have resulted in change and disintegration are detailed

Relationships amongst science, ethics and polis in pre-modern times

The emergence of the Modern Age is depicted as a replacement of a long standing political philosophy by a distinctly new one. Foundational meanings are attributed to key terms Science, Ethics and Polis, nuance in these terms is traced against those attributed meanings, and the integrating impact of that nuance on relationships amongst key terms is interpreted as changing political philosophy. Speculative questioning reflection is expressed about the nature of the next Polis