Internet of things based real-time coronavirus 2019 disease patient health monitoring system

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to many infected worldwide and has become a global crisis. COVID-19 manifests in the form of shortness of breath, coughing and fever. More people are getting infected and healthcare systems worldwide are overwhelmed as healthcare workers become exhausted and infected. Thus, remote monitoring for COVID-19 patients is required. An internet of things (IoT) based real-time health monitoring system for COVID-19 patients was proposed. It features monitoring of five physiological parameters, namely electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature. These vitals are processed by the main controller and transmitted to the cloud for storage. Healthcare professionals can read real-time patient vitals on the web-based dashboard which is equipped with an alert service. The proposed system was able to transmit and display all parameters in real-time accurately without any packet loss or transmission errors. The accuracy of body temperature readings, RR, SpO2 and HR, is up to 99.7%, 100%, 97.97% and 98.34%, respectively. Alerts were successfully sent when the parameters reached unsafe levels. With the proposed system, healthcare professionals can remotely monitor COVID-19 patients with greater ease, lessen their exposure to the pathogen, and improve patient monitoring

The effect of COVID-19 on the home behaviours of people affected by dementia

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the behaviour of most of the world's population, particularly affecting the elderly, including people living with dementia (PLwD). Here we use remote home monitoring technology deployed into 31 homes of PLwD living in the UK to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on behaviour within the home, including social isolation. The home activity was monitored continuously using unobtrusive sensors for 498 days from 1 December 2019 to 12 April 2021. This period included six distinct pandemic phases with differing public health measures, including three periods of home 'lockdown'. Linear mixed-effects modelling is used to examine changes in the home activity of PLwD who lived alone or with others. An algorithm is developed to quantify time spent outside the home. Increased home activity is observed from very early in the pandemic, with a significant decrease in the time spent outside produced by the first lockdown. The study demonstrates the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on home behaviours in PLwD and shows how unobtrusive home monitoring can be used to track behaviours relevant to social isolation

Design and Implementation of a Smart, Interactive and Portable System for Monitoring of Human Vital Signs

Smart systems are characterized by their efficiency, high accuracy, and cost reduction. One of the important fields in which the smart system is used is health care, especially monitoring of human vital signs. In general, the conventional patient monitor is expensive, cannot be used for remote monitoring, and non-interactive. In many situations, it requires remote and portable monitoring for patients, such as in case of the area is outside the medical services, infected diseases (e.g., COVID-19, 20), and difficulties of a patient transferred. This paper proposes a smart, interactive, and portable monitor for vital human signs based on the internet of things (IoT). The proposed monitor is cheap and easy to use either directly by doctors and nurses or remotely by any person. The proposed system is designed using ESP32-microcontroller and vital-sign sensors. It measures three important vital signs, including heart rate, body temperature, and Electrocardiography (ECG), as well as the environment temperature of the patient. The measured signs can be monitored from anywhere in the world through a smartphone application in real-time. Furthermore, the doctor can send instructions and descriptions to the patients in real-time using the same phone application that is designed in this work.Smart systems are characterized by their efficiency, high accuracy, and cost reduction. One of the important fields in which the smart system is used is health care, especially monitoring of human vital signs. In general, the conventional patient monitor is expensive, cannot be used for remote monitoring, and non-interactive. In many situations, it requires remote and portable monitoring for patients, such as in case of the area is outside the medical services, infected diseases (e.g., COVID-19, 20), and difficulties of a patient transferred. This paper proposes a smart, interactive, and portable monitor for vital human signs based on the internet of things (IoT). The proposed monitor is cheap and easy to use either directly by doctors and nurses or remotely by any person. The proposed system is designed using ESP32-microcontroller and vital-sign sensors. It measures three important vital signs, including heart rate, body temperature, and Electrocardiography (ECG), as well as the environment temperature of the patient. The measured signs can be monitored from anywhere in the world through a smartphone application in real-time. Furthermore, the doctor can send instructions and descriptions to the patients in real-time using the same phone application that is designed in this work

Internet of things based real-time coronavirus 2019 disease patient health monitoring system

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to many infected worldwide and has become a global crisis. COVID-19 manifests in the form of shortness of breath, coughing and fever. More people are getting infected and healthcare systems worldwide are overwhelmed as healthcare workers become exhausted and infected. Thus, remote monitoring for COVID-19 patients is required. An internet of things (IoT) based real-time health monitoring system for COVID-19 patients was proposed. It features monitoring of five physiological parameters, namely electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature. These vitals are processed by the main controller and transmitted to the cloud for storage. Healthcare professionals can read real-time patient vitals on the web-based dashboard which is equipped with an alert service. The proposed system was able to transmit and display all parameters in real-time accurately without any packet loss or transmission errors. The accuracy of body temperature readings, RR, SpO2 and HR, is up to 99.7%, 100%, 97.97% and 98.34%, respectively. Alerts were successfully sent when the parameters reached unsafe levels. With the proposed system, healthcare professionals can remotely monitor COVID-19 patients with greater ease, lessen their exposure to the pathogen, and improve patient monitoring

COVIDApp as an innovative strategy for the management and follow-up of COVID-19 cases in long-term care facilities in Catalonia : Implementation study

This work was supported by the Lluita contra la Sida Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented worldwide public health crisis that requires new management approaches. COVIDApp is a mobile app that was adapted for the management of institutionalized individuals in long-term care facilities. Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the implementation of this innovative tool for the management of long-term care facility residents as a high-risk population, specifically for early identification and self-isolation of suspected cases, remote monitoring of mild cases, and real-time monitoring of the progression of the infection. Methods: COVIDApp was implemented in 196 care centers in collaboration with 64 primary care teams. The following parameters of COVID-19 were reported daily: signs/symptoms; diagnosis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; absence of symptoms for ≥14 days; total deaths; and number of health care workers isolated with suspected COVID-19. The number of at-risk centers was also described. Results: Data were recorded from 10,347 institutionalized individuals and up to 4000 health care workers between April 1 and 30, 2020. A rapid increase in suspected cases was seen until day 6 but decreased during the last two weeks (from 1084 to 282 cases). The number of confirmed cases increased from 419 (day 6) to 1293 (day 22) and remained stable during the last week. Of the 10,347 institutionalized individuals, 5,090 (49,2%) remained asymptomatic for ≥14 days. A total of 854/10,347 deaths (8.3%) were reported; 383 of these deaths (44.8%) were suspected/confirmed cases. The number of isolated health care workers remained high over the 30 days, while the number of suspected cases decreased during the last 2 weeks. The number of high-risk long-term care facilities decreased from 19/196 (9.5%) to 3/196 (1.5%). Conclusions: COVIDApp can help clinicians rapidly detect and remotely monitor suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 among institutionalized individuals, thus limiting the risk of spreading the virus. The platform shows the progression of infection in real time and can aid in designing new monitoring strategies

TELECONSULTING IBU HAMIL BERBASIS APLIKASI MOBILE UNTUK PENCEGAHAN COVID 19

The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all groups, including groups such as pregnant women. It is not only the issue of transmission that is the direct impact of Covid-19. However, there are also indirect implications that are of less concern at this time, namely regarding access to health services for women during pregnancy and childbirth. Restrictions on access to health services are directly recommended for pregnant women during this pandemic. This is done because pregnant women are a vulnerable group who can contract Covid-19. Restrictions on the mobility of pregnant women during this pandemic can actually be a misperception. Where pregnancy checks are not a must to do, even though it can involve the safety of pregnant women and the children they are carrying. In addition, the impact of social distancing and lockdown policies can be an obstacle to the use of health services. In this case, pregnant women also need to spend additional money as a condition for getting services during this pandemic, which includes rapid examinations which are a requirement to get services at health facilities. If a solution is not formulated, this problem will explode again in the next epidemic. Based on these problems, we need media that can assist pregnant women in conducting consultations and remote monitoring to help maintain during their pregnancy, so we propose a research proposal "Teleconsulting for Pregnant Women Based on Mobile Applications for Covid 19 Prevention" where the media will assist in the consultation process. and monitoring pregnant women without having to do face-to-face. The methods used in this research are Requirements Gathering, Quick Design, Prototype Development, Prototype Testing, Prototype Improvement, and Prototype Results. With the resulting system, it is hoped that pregnant women can conduct pregnancy consultations remotely, thereby reducing the risk of spreading Covid19

TELEMEDICINE AND HEALTH POLICY CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO COVID-19 PANDEMICS IN LATVIA

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Objective: Remote consultations are quickly emerging to give more access to real-time, high-quality, efficient, and cost-effective healthcare in the current COVID-19 pandemic.Objective is to investigate the changing experiences of remote consulting for patients in Latvia and plan effective health policies, to provide a full analysis of the policy for telemedicine applications and solutions based on the current conditions.; Design and Method: Materials and approaches include an examination of normative documents as well as a variety of informational sources. The information offered is mostly based on national strategy papers, official reports, and scientefic publications on Tele-medicine implementation.; Results: Telemedicine's range will continue to expand, connecting patients and providers internationally as providers look to expand globally. This will not only help improve the long-term policies about health but may also provide patients with rare diseases alternative avenues to seek highly specialized care. Telemedicine strategy must react faster than ever during the COVID-19 epidemic. Latvia has reacted to Covid pandemics and have noticable implemented new possibilities to provide new approaches provided by telemedicine: providing remote consutlations to patients in different sectors, using E-referrals that were implemented but not sufficiently used before, providing more possibilites to provide remote services also for consiliums, physician-physiscan online consultations. New ICT tools were used for patient remote monitoring. The normative regulation, stategical decisions and changes in long-term policy documents haven't been changed, so there are limitations to provide the telemedice expansion or stable use after the emengency situation ends. Health policies about telemedicine have another key role with to pursuing that.; Conclusions: Telemedicine is fast expanding, demand for this service is rising. Although not a replacement for face-to-face consultations, this study illustrates that remote consulting can be an acceptable adjunct to traditional face-to-face consultations. More research is required to identify overall safety and applicability. Digital Health Strategy in Latvia is still on developing stage. Changes or legislation to clarify Telemedicine are still in the process. It is important to provide a good environment for Telemedicine to expand, setting strategies and visions on how those new approaches will be regulating normatively and administratively. (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)publishersversionPeer reviewe

Issue in Remote Assessment of Lung Disease and Impact on Physical and Mental Health (RALPMH): Protocol for Prospective Observational Study

Background: Chronic Lung disorders like COPD and IPF are characterised by exacerbations which are a significant problem: unpleasant for patients, and sometimes severe enough to cause hospital admission (and therefore NHS pressures) and death. Reducing the impact of exacerbations is very important. Moreover, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the vulnerable populations with these disorders are at high risk and hence their routine care cannot be done properly. Remote monitoring offers a low cost and safe solution of gaining visibility into the health of people in their daily life. Thus, remote monitoring of patients in their daily lives using mobile and wearable devices could be useful especially in high vulnerability groups. A scenario we consider here is to monitor patients and detect disease exacerbation and progression and investigate the opportunity of detecting exacerbations in real-time with a future goal of real-time intervention. Objective: The primary objective is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of remote monitoring using wearable and mobile phones in patients with pulmonary diseases. The aims will be evaluated over these areas: Participant acceptability, drop-out rates and interpretation of data, Detection of clinically important events such as exacerbations and disease progression, Quantification of symptoms (physical and mental health), Impact of disease on mood and wellbeing/QoL and The trajectory-tracking of main outcome variables, symptom fluctuations and order. The secondary objective of this study is to provide power calculations for a larger longitudinal follow-up study. Methods: Participants will be recruited from 2 NHS sites in 3 different cohorts - COPD, IPF and Post hospitalised Covid. A total of 60 participants will be recruited, 20 in each cohort. Data collection will be done remotely using the RADAR-Base mHealth platform for different devices - Garmin wearable devices, smart spirometers, mobile app questionnaires, surveys and finger pulse oximeters. Passive data collected includes wearable derived continuous heart rate, SpO2, respiration rate, activity, and sleep. Active data collected includes disease-specific PROMs, mental health questionnaires and symptoms tracking to track disease trajectory in addition to speech sampling, spirometry and finger Pulse Oximetry. Analyses are intended to assess the feasibility of RADAR-Base for lung disorder remote monitoring (include quality of data, a cross-section of passive and active data, data completeness, the usability of the system, acceptability of the system). Where adequate data is collected, we will attempt to explore disease trajectory, patient stratification and identification of acute clinically interesting events such as exacerbations. A key part of this study is understanding the potential of real-time data collection, here we will simulate an intervention using the Exacerbation Rating Scale (ERS) to acquire responses at-time-of-event to assess the performance of a model for exacerbation identification from passive data collected. Results: RALPMH study provides a unique opportunity to assess the use of remote monitoring in the study of lung disorders. The study is set to be started in mid-May 2021. The data collection apparatus, questionnaires and wearable integrations have been set up and tested by clinical teams. While waiting for ethics approval, real-time detection models are currently being constructed. Conclusions: RALPMH will provide a reference infrastructure for the use of wearable data for monitoring lung diseases. Specifically information regarding the feasibility and acceptability of remote monitoring and the potential of real-time remote data collection and analysis in the context of chronic lung disorders. Moreover, it provides a unique standpoint to look into the specifics of novel coronavirus without burdensome interventions. It will help plan and inform decisions in any future studies that make use of remote monitoring in the area of Respiratory health. Clinical Trial: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN1627560

TELEMEDICINE: REVISITING THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE DURING COVID PANDEMIC

Telemedicine is the utilization of electronic facts to correspond expertise for sustaining healthcare when physical distance part the users. Within the same time frame, patient-related data can be simultaneously get collected for large number of people using remote monitoring. However, there is always a disadvantage if any issue arises due to software and hardware. Thus, computer-based patient monitoring can be problematic at sometimes if we exclusively depend on computer system. There should always be a balance between computer dependency and human intelligence use. Each and every one’s life difference can be made by maintaining the balance between the two. Here, in this review article, we discussed the historical perspectives, telemedicine system concepts, telemedicine centers infrastructure, role in diverse spheres, types of telemedicine technology, applications in public health, current initiatives, and finally the success and popularity of telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic