Improving sensor network robustness with multi-channel convergecast

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Rapid Convergecast on Commodity Hardware: Performance Limits and Optimal Policies

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CoReDac: Collision-Free Command-Response Data Collection

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Energy Efficient and Reliable ARQ Scheme (ER-ACK) for Mission Critical M2M/IoT Services

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the main infrastructure for machine to machine (M2M) and Internet of thing (IoT). Since various sophisticated M2M/IoT services have their own quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, reliable data transmission in WSNs is becoming more important. However, WSNs have strict constraints on resources due to the crowded wireless frequency, which results in high collision probability. Therefore a more efficient data delivering scheme that minimizes both the transmission delay and energy consumption is required. This paper proposes energy efficient and reliable data transmission ARQ scheme, called energy efficient and reliable ACK (ER-ACK), to minimize transmission delay and energy consumption at the same time. The proposed scheme has three aspects of advantages compared to the legacy ARQ schemes such as ACK, NACK and implicit-ACK (I-ACK). It consumes smaller energy than ACK, has smaller transmission delay than NACK, and prevents the duplicated retransmission problem of I-ACK. In addition, resource considered reliability (RCR) is suggested to quantify the improvement of the proposed scheme, and mathematical analysis of the transmission delay and energy consumption are also presented. The simulation results show that the ER-ACK scheme achieves high RCR by significantly reducing transmission delay and energy consumption

D-SAR: A Distributed Scheduling Algorithm for Real-time, Closed-Loop Control in Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

Current wireless standards and protocols for industrial applications such as WirelessHART and ISA100.11a typically use centralized network management techniques for communication scheduling and route establishment. However, large-scale centralized systems can have several drawbacks. They have difficulty in coping with disturbances or changes within the network in real-time. Large-scale centralized systems can also have highly variable latencies thus making them unsuitable for closed-loop control applications. To address these problems, this paper describes D-SAR, a distributed resource reservation algorithm which would allow source nodes to meet the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of the application in real-time, when carrying out peer-to-peer communication. The presented solution uses concepts derived from relevant networking-related domains such as circuit switching and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks and applies them to wireless sensor and actuator networks

Wireless industrial monitoring and control networks: the journey so far and the road ahead

While traditional wired communication technologies have played a crucial role in industrial monitoring and control networks over the past few decades, they are increasingly proving to be inadequate to meet the highly dynamic and stringent demands of today’s industrial applications, primarily due to the very rigid nature of wired infrastructures. Wireless technology, however, through its increased pervasiveness, has the potential to revolutionize the industry, not only by mitigating the problems faced by wired solutions, but also by introducing a completely new class of applications. While present day wireless technologies made some preliminary inroads in the monitoring domain, they still have severe limitations especially when real-time, reliable distributed control operations are concerned. This article provides the reader with an overview of existing wireless technologies commonly used in the monitoring and control industry. It highlights the pros and cons of each technology and assesses the degree to which each technology is able to meet the stringent demands of industrial monitoring and control networks. Additionally, it summarizes mechanisms proposed by academia, especially serving critical applications by addressing the real-time and reliability requirements of industrial process automation. The article also describes certain key research problems from the physical layer communication for sensor networks and the wireless networking perspective that have yet to be addressed to allow the successful use of wireless technologies in industrial monitoring and control networks

Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges Ahead

The aim of this paper is to analyze the different Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) transport protocols byidentifying various experimental parameters in order to undertake a comparative evaluation. To build the groundwork, we first discuss the generic design for a transport protocol based on three key concepts; congestion control, reliability support and priority support. The basis of this design was developed by assessing several aspects of numerous transport protocols. However they all using different set of parameters and settings and hence it is difficult to benchmark one against the other. In this paper, we discuss the simulation settings like packet size, number of exploited sensors and their distribution in the field, buffer size, coverage area and power levels

Wireless Sensor Network transport protocol: A critical review

The transport protocols for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) play vital role in achieving the high performance together with longevity of the network. The researchers are continuously contributing in developing new transport layer protocols based on different principles and architectures enabling different combinations of technical features. The uniqueness of each new protocol more or less lies in these functional features, which can be commonly classified based on their proficiencies in fulfilling congestion control, reliability support, and prioritization. The performance of these protocols has been evaluated using dissimilar set of experimental/simulation parameters, thus there is no well defined benchmark for experimental/simulation settings. The researchers working in this area have to compare the performance of the new protocol with the existing protocols to prove that new protocol is better. However, one of the major challenges faced by the researchers is investigating the performance of all the existing protocols, which have been tested in different simulation environments. This leads the significance of having a well-defined benchmark for the experimental/simulation settings. If the future researchers simulate their protocols according to a standard set of simulation/experimental settings, the performance of those protocols can be directly compared with each other just using the published simulation results.This article offers a twofold contribution to support researchers working in the area of WSN transport protocol design. First, we extensively review the technical features of existing transport protocols and suggest a generic framework for a WSN transport protocol, which offers a strong groundwork for the new researchers to identify the open research issues. Second we analyse the experimental settings, focused application areas and the addressed performance criteria of existing protocols; thus suggest a benchmark of experimental/simulation settings for evaluating prospective transport protocols

Practical Network Coding in Sensor Networks: Quo Vadis?

Abstract. Network coding is a novel concept for improving network ca-pacity. This additional capacity may be used to increase throughput or reliability. Also in wireless networks, network coding has been proposed as a method for improving communication. We present our experience from two studies of applying network coding in realistic wireless sen-sor networks scenarios. As we show, network coding is not as useful in practical deployments as earlier theoretical work suggested. We discuss limitations and future opportunities for network coding in sensor net-works. 1 Network Coding in Wireless Sensor Networks Network Coding was introduced by Ahlswede et al. [1], proving that it can in-crease multicast capacity. Since then, it has been investigated in several different networked scenarios which demand different traffic characteristics. Most previous research has focused on theoretical aspects of applying network coding to sensor networks. There are, however, also more practical examples of applying networ

Wireless Sensor Network Transport Protocol - A State of the Art

In this article, we present a survey of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) existing Transport Protocols. Wehave evaluated the design concepts of different protocols based on congestion control, reliability support and source traffic priority support. Then we draw the concluding remarks, while highlighting up-and-coming research challenges for WSN transport protocols, which should be addressed further in prospective designs