58,006 research outputs found
A Hybrid Global Minimization Scheme for Accurate Source Localization in Sensor Networks
We consider the localization problem of multiple wideband sources in a
multi-path environment by coherently taking into account the attenuation
characteristics and the time delays in the reception of the signal. Our
proposed method leaves the space for unavailability of an accurate signal
attenuation model in the environment by considering the model as an unknown
function with reasonable prior assumptions about its functional space. Such
approach is capable of enhancing the localization performance compared to only
utilizing the signal attenuation information or the time delays. In this paper,
the localization problem is modeled as a cost function in terms of the source
locations, attenuation model parameters and the multi-path parameters. To
globally perform the minimization, we propose a hybrid algorithm combining the
differential evolution algorithm with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.
Besides the proposed combination of optimization schemes, supporting the
technical details such as closed forms of cost function sensitivity matrices
are provided. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is examined in
several localization scenarios, taking into account the noise in the
environment, the multi-path phenomenon and considering the sensors not being
synchronized
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The influences of environmental conditions on source localisation using a single vertical array and their exploitation through ground effect inversion
The performance of microphone arrays outdoors is influenced by the environmental conditions. Numerical simulations indicate that, while horizontal arrays are hardly affected, direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with vertical arrays becomes biased in presence of ground reflections and sound speed gradients. Turbulence leads to a huge variability in the estimates by reducing the ground effect. Ground effect can be exploited by combining classical source localization with an appropriate propagation model (ground effect inversion). Not only does this allow the source elevation and range to be determined with a single vertical array but also it allows separation of sources which can no longer be distinguished by far field localization methods. Furthermore, simulations provide detail of the achievable spatial resolution depending on frequency range, array size and localization algorithm and show a clear advantage of broadband processing. Outdoor measurements with one or two sources confirm the results of the numerical simulations
Tactile Mapping and Localization from High-Resolution Tactile Imprints
This work studies the problem of shape reconstruction and object localization
using a vision-based tactile sensor, GelSlim. The main contributions are the
recovery of local shapes from contact, an approach to reconstruct the tactile
shape of objects from tactile imprints, and an accurate method for object
localization of previously reconstructed objects. The algorithms can be applied
to a large variety of 3D objects and provide accurate tactile feedback for
in-hand manipulation. Results show that by exploiting the dense tactile
information we can reconstruct the shape of objects with high accuracy and do
on-line object identification and localization, opening the door to reactive
manipulation guided by tactile sensing. We provide videos and supplemental
information in the project's website
http://web.mit.edu/mcube/research/tactile_localization.html.Comment: ICRA 2019, 7 pages, 7 figures. Website:
http://web.mit.edu/mcube/research/tactile_localization.html Video:
https://youtu.be/uMkspjmDbq
Where Does the Density Localize? Convergent Behavior for Global Hybrids, Range Separation, and DFT+U
Approximate density functional theory (DFT) suffers from many-electron self-
interaction error, otherwise known as delocalization error, that may be
diagnosed and then corrected through elimination of the deviation from exact
piecewise linear behavior between integer electron numbers. Although paths to
correction of energetic delocalization error are well- established, the impact
of these corrections on the electron density is less well-studied. Here, we
compare the effect on density delocalization of DFT+U, global hybrid tuning,
and range- separated hybrid tuning on a diverse test set of 32 transition metal
complexes and observe the three methods to have qualitatively equivalent
effects on the ground state density. Regardless of valence orbital diffuseness
(i.e., from 2p to 5p), ligand electronegativity (i.e., from Al to O), basis set
(i.e., plane wave versus localized basis set), metal (i.e., Ti, Fe, Ni) and
spin state, or tuning method, we consistently observe substantial charge loss
at the metal and gain at ligand atoms (ca. 0.3-0.5 e or more). This charge loss
at the metal is preferentially from the minority spin, leading to increasing
magnetic moment as well. Using accurate wavefunction theory references, we
observe that a minimum error in partial charges and magnetic moments occur at
higher tuning parameters than typically employed to eliminate energetic
delocalization error. These observations motivate the need to develop
multi-faceted approximate-DFT error correction approaches that separately treat
density delocalization and energetic errors in order to recover both correct
density and magnetization properties.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figure
Estimation of the gravitational wave polarizations from a non template search
Gravitational wave astronomy is just beginning, after the recent success of
the four direct detections of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, the first
observation from a binary neutron star inspiral and with the expectation of
many more events to come. Given the possibility to detect waves from not
perfectly modeled astrophysical processes, it is fundamental to be ready to
calculate the polarization waveforms in the case of searches using non-template
algorithms. In such case, the waveform polarizations are the only quantities
that contain direct information about the generating process. We present the
performance of a new valuable tool to estimate the inverse solution of
gravitational wave transient signals, starting from the analysis of the signal
properties of a non-template algorithm that is open to a wider class of
gravitational signals not covered by template algorithms. We highlight the
contributions to the wave polarization associated with the detector response,
the sky localization and the polarization angle of the source. In this paper we
present the performances of such method and its implications by using two main
classes of transient signals, resembling the limiting case for most simple and
complicated morphologies. Performances are encouraging, for the tested
waveforms: the correlation between the original and the reconstructed waveforms
spans from better than 80% for simple morphologies to better than 50% for
complicated ones. For a not-template search this results can be considered
satisfactory to reconstruct the astrophysical progenitor
Localization of short duration gravitational-wave transients with the early advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo,
advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, will begin collecting
science data in 2015. With first detections expected to follow, it is important
to quantify how well generic gravitational-wave transients can be localized on
the sky. This is crucial for correctly identifying electromagnetic counterparts
as well as understanding gravitational-wave physics and source populations. We
present a study of sky localization capabilities for two search and parameter
estimation algorithms: \emph{coherent WaveBurst}, a constrained likelihood
algorithm operating in close to real-time, and \emph{LALInferenceBurst}, a
Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation algorithm developed to recover
generic transient signals with latency of a few hours. Furthermore, we focus on
the first few years of the advanced detector era, when we expect to only have
two (2015) and later three (2016) operational detectors, all below design
sensitivity. These detector configurations can produce significantly different
sky localizations, which we quantify in detail. We observe a clear improvement
in localization of the average detected signal when progressing from
two-detector to three-detector networks, as expected. Although localization
depends on the waveform morphology, approximately 50% of detected signals would
be imaged after observing 100-200 deg in 2015 and 60-110 deg in 2016,
although knowledge of the waveform can reduce this to as little as 22 deg.
This is the first comprehensive study on sky localization capabilities for
generic transients of the early network of advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors,
including the early LIGO-only two-detector configuration.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
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