Functional simulations of power electronics components in series-hybrid machinery for the needs of OEM

This paper proposes method for rapid control prototyping of the series-hybrid transmission system. The rapid control prototyping needs simulation submodels from all system components in order to develop supervisory control software. The same simulation models can also be used to optimize the drive train. The target framework for the rapid control prototyping method is the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), where the objective is to build devices from subcontractor's components. The machinery industry, as a target group, uses high power ratings for the creation of motion, which leads to high voltage and current values used in the system. Therefore, prototyping is started with careful simulations. This paper also seeks to create a general idea about the structure of the series-hybrid power transmission and assists the start of the process for designing the supervisory control.reviewe

VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING OF PEBB BASED POWER ELECTRONICS SYSTEM FOR GROUND VEHICLES

Power electronics are heavily involved in power and energy systems in plenty of applications nowadays. The increase of demand brings more challenges into simulations for development. Considering the complexity of the systems and high frequency operational conditions, this paper presents comprehensive research on modeling, simulating, and validation on ground vehicle propulsion system applications. To reduce the computational burden, the Power Electronics Building Blocks concept is utilized to simplify the structure of modeling under different conversion scenarios in ground vehicle systems. In addition, the Average and Switching versions models are included. To speedup the simulation, the engagement of advanced computing technique in simulations are introduced to realize faster-than-real-time simulations. By the comparison between widely used slower-than-real-time simulations in academy and faster-than-real-time simulation with advanced computational technology, the improvements are presented. Other than engaging advanced technique, this paper proposed an advanced model method different from the Average and Switch method but the combination with the advantages of accuracy and fast simulation time. Furthermore, to verify all the modeling and simulation results proposed, a hardware design is presented, and the results validation are provided at the end

Real-Time Implementation of qZSC for MVDC to Microgrids Link

Nowadays, power systems require new solutions to integrate renewable energies. In this paper, microgrids linked to MVDC are proposed through quasi-impedance-source converters to improve system reliability. Several prototypes are implemented using real-time platforms to analyze the system behavior, but the real-time implementation of the shoot-through state of the qZSC requires a very low time-step and sample time, which is not easy to achieve. The results obtained with these prototypes are included. Finally, a satisfactory solution is presented, implementing the power system in Typhoon HIL-402, the qZSC control in dSPACE MicroLabBox, and generating the gate signals in the FPGA included in the MicroLabBox platform. © 2022, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved

Hybrid fuel cell-supercapacitor system: modeling and energy management using Proteus

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a promising solution for achieving sustainable transportation and reducing carbon emissions. To keep pace with technological advancements in the vehicular industry, this paper proposes the development of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and an energy management strategy (EMS) for EVs, implemented using Proteus Spice Ver 8. The HESS consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary source and a supercapacitor (SC) as the secondary source. The EMS, integrated into an electronic board based on the STM32, utilizes a low-pass filter algorithm to distribute energy between the sources. The accuracy of the proposed PEMFC and SC models is validated by comparing Proteus simulation results with experimental tests conducted on the Bahia didactic bench and Maxwell SC bench, respectively. To optimize energy efficiency, simulations of the HESS system involve adjusting the hybridization rate through changes in the cutoff frequency. The analysis compares the state-of-charge (SOC) of the SC and the voltage efficiency of the fuel cell (FC), across different frequencies to optimize overall system performance. The results highlight that the chosen strategy satisfies the energy demand while preserving the FC’s dynamic performance and optimizing its utilization to the maximum

FPGAs in Industrial Control Applications

The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their contribution to industrial control applications. Authors start by addressing various research fields which can exploit the advantages of FPGAs. The features of these devices are then presented, followed by their corresponding design tools. To illustrate the benefits of using FPGAs in the case of complex control applications, a sensorless motor controller has been treated. This controller is based on the Extended Kalman Filter. Its development has been made according to a dedicated design methodology, which is also discussed. The use of FPGAs to implement artificial intelligence-based industrial controllers is then briefly reviewed. The final section presents two short case studies of Neural Network control systems designs targeting FPGAs

FPGA design methodology for industrial control systems—a review

This paper reviews the state of the art of fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic

Development of a digital twin for real-time simulation of a combustion engine-based power plant with battery storage and grid coupling

Coordinated control of combustion engine-based power plants with battery storage is the next big thing for optimising renewable energy. Digital twins can enable such sophisticated control but currently are too simplistic for the required insight. This study explores the feasibility of a fully physics-based combustion engine model in real-time co-simulation with an electrical power plant model, including battery storage. A detailed, crank-angle resolved, one-dimensional model of a large-bore stationary engine is reduced to a fast-running model (FRM). This engine digital twin is coupled with a complete power plant control model, developed in Simulink. Real-time functions are tested on a dedicated rapid-prototyping system using a target computer. Measurement data from the corresponding power plant infrastructure provide validation for the digital twin. The model-in-the-loop simulations show real-time results from both the standalone combustion and electric submodels mostly within 5% of measured values. The model coupling for fully predictive simulation was tested on a desktop computer, showing expected functionality and validity within 4% and 8% of the respective measured generator and converter outputs. However, execution time of the FRM needs reducing when moving to final hardware-in-the-loop implementation of a complete power plant model.© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

A Fuzzy Logical-Based Variable Step Size P&O MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System

The research presents a high-performance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for Photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. The proposed MPPT technique was simulated and validated via constructed PV emulator and dSPACE based rapid control prototyping system. Test results show that the proposed algorithm has significantly improved the tracking efficiency of PV energy conversion systems. The constructed test platform also provides a fast implementation of control algorithms in a real-time environment. The advantage of implementing the test platform is to give industries easy implementation of various control strategies for PV converters without dependency on atmospheric conditions”

Overview of Control Algorithm Verification Methods in Power Electronics Systems

The paper presents the existing verification methods for control algorithms in power electronics systems, including the application of model checking techniques. In the industry, the most frequently used verification methods are simulations and experiments; however, they have to be performed manually and do not give a 100% confidence that the system will operate correctly in all situations. Here we show the recent advancements in verification and performance assessment of power electronics systems with the usage of formal methods. Symbolic model checking can be used to achieve a guarantee that the system satisfies user-defined requirements, while statistical model checking combines simulation and statistical methods to gain statistically valid results that predict the behavior with high confidence. Both methods can be applied automatically before physical realization of the power electronics systems, so that any errors, incorrect assumptions or unforeseen situations are detected as early as possible. An additional functionality of verification with the use of formal methods is to check the converter operation in terms of reliability in various system operating conditions. It is possible to verify the distribution and uniformity of occurrence in time of the number of transistor switching, transistor conduction times for various current levels, etc. The information obtained in this way can be used to optimize control algorithms in terms of reliability in power electronics. The article provides an overview of various verification methods with an emphasis on statistical model checking. The basic functionalities of the methods, their construction, and their properties are indicated