A holonic manufacturing architecture for line-less mobile assembly systems operations planning and control

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Florianópolis, 2022.O Line-Less Mobile Assembly Systems (LMAS) é um paradigma de fabricação que visa maximizar a resposta às tendências do mercado através de configurações adaptáveis de fábrica utilizando recursos de montagem móvel. Tais sistemas podem ser caracterizados como holonic manufacturing systems (HMS), cujas chamadas holonic control architecture (HCA) são recentemente retratadas como abordagens habilitadoras da Indústria 4.0 devido a suas relações de entidades temporárias (hierárquicas e/ou heterárquicas). Embora as estruturas de referência HCA como PROSA ou ADACOR/ADACOR² tenham sido muito discutidas na literatura, nenhuma delas pode ser aplicada diretamente ao contexto LMAS. Assim, esta dissertação visa responder à pergunta \"Como uma arquitetura de produção e sistema de controle LMAS precisa ser projetada?\" apresentando os modelos de projeto de arquitetura desenvolvidos de acordo com as etapas da metodologia para desenvolvimento de sistemas holônicos multi-agentes ANEMONA. A fase de análise da ANEMONA resulta em uma especificação do caso de uso, requisitos, objetivos do sistema, simplificações e suposições. A fase de projeto resulta nos modelos de organização, interação e agentes, seguido de uma breve análise de sua cobertura comportamental. O resultado da fase de implementação é um protótipo (realizado com o Robot Operation System) que implementa os modelos ANEMONA e uma ontologia LMAS, que reutiliza elementos de ontologias de referência do domínio de manufatura. A fim de testar o protótipo, um algoritmo para geração de dados para teste baseado na complexidade dos produtos e na flexibilidade do chão de fábrica é apresentado. A validação qualitativa dos modelos HCA é baseada em como o HCA proposto atende a critérios específicos para avaliar sistemas HCA. A validação é complementada por uma análise quantitativa considerando o comportamento dos modelos implementados durante a execução normal e a execução interrompida (e.g. equipamento defeituoso) em um ambiente simulado. A validação da execução normal concentra-se no desvio de tempo entre as agendas planejadas e executadas, o que provou ser em média irrelevante dentro do caso simulado considerando a ordem de magnitude das operações típicas demandadas. Posteriormente, durante a execução do caso interrompido, o sistema é testado sob a simulação de uma falha, onde duas estratégias são aplicadas, LOCAL\_FIX e REORGANIZATION, e seu resultado é comparado para decidir qual é a opção apropriada quando o objetivo é reduzir o tempo total de execução. Finalmente, é apresentada uma análise sobre a cobertura desta dissertação culminando em diretrizes que podem ser vistas como uma resposta possível (entre muitas outras) para a questão de pesquisa apresentada. Além disso, são apresentados pontos fortes e fracos dos modelos desenvolvidos, e possíveis melhorias e idéias para futuras contribuições para a implementação de sistemas de controle holônico para LMAS.Abstract: The Line-Less Mobile Assembly Systems (LMAS) is a manufacturing paradigm aiming to maximize responsiveness to market trends (product-individualization and ever-shortening product lifecycles) by adaptive factory configurations utilizing mobile assembly resources. Such responsive systems can be characterized as holonic manufacturing systems (HMS), whose so-called holonic control architectures (HCA) are recently portrayed as Industry 4.0-enabling approaches due to their mixed-hierarchical and -heterarchical temporary entity relationships. They are particularly suitable for distributed and flexible systems as the Line-Less Mobile Assembly or Matrix-Production, as they meet reconfigurability capabilities. Though HCA reference structures as PROSA or ADACOR/ADACOR² have been heavily discussed in the literature, neither can directly be applied to the LMAS context. Methodologies such as ANEMONA provide guidelines and best practices for the development of holonic multi-agent systems. Accordingly, this dissertation aims to answer the question \"How does an LMAS production and control system architecture need to be designed?\" presenting the architecture design models developed according to the steps of the ANEMONA methodology. The ANEMONA analysis phase results in a use case specification, requirements, system goals, simplifications, and assumptions. The design phase results in an LMAS architecture design consisting of the organization, interaction, and agent models followed by a brief analysis of its behavioral coverage. The implementation phase result is an LMAS ontology, which reuses elements from the widespread manufacturing domain ontologies MAnufacturing's Semantics Ontology (MASON) and Manufacturing Resource Capability Ontology (MaRCO) enriched with essential holonic concepts. The architecture approach and ontology are implemented using the Robot Operating System (ROS) robotic framework. In order to create test data sets validation, an algorithm for test generation based on the complexity of products and the shopfloor flexibility is presented considering a maximum number of operations per work station and the maximum number of simultaneous stations. The validation phase presents a two-folded validation: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative validation of the HCA models is based on how the proposed HCA attends specific criteria for evaluating HCA systems (e.g., modularity, integrability, diagnosability, fault tolerance, distributability, developer training requirements). The validation is complemented by a quantitative analysis considering the behavior of the implemented models during the normal execution and disrupted execution (e.g.; defective equipment) in a simulated environment (in the form of a software prototype). The normal execution validation focuses on the time drift between the planned and executed schedules, which has proved to be irrelevant within the simulated case considering the order of magnitude of the typical demanded operations. Subsequently, during the disrupted case execution, the system is tested under the simulation of a failure, where two strategies are applied, LOCAL\_FIX and REORGANIZATION, and their outcome is compared to decide which one is the appropriate option when the goal is to reduce the overall execution time. Ultimately, it is presented an analysis about the coverage of this dissertation culminating into guidelines that can be seen as one possible answer (among many others) for the presented research question. Furthermore, strong and weak points of the developed models are presented, and possible improvements and ideas for future contributions towards the implementation of holonic control systems for LMAS

Développement de techniques de planification multi-agent basées sur la modélisation des processus et l'analyse des risques : le cas des dispositifs d'intervention face aux crises environnementales et humanitaires

Notre société actuelle cherche de plus en plus à assurer une sécurité constante à ses habitants, tant pour leur vie, leur santé, leurs biens matériels que pour le maintien des infrastructures communes. La gestion de crise a pour objectif de limiter l’impact d’un évènement redouté avéré et de rétablir les conditions correspondant à une situation nominale. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la gestion des secours dans les crises telles que les attentats terroristes, les séismes, etc. Les plans d’intervention sont disponibles dans un format textuel définissant les acteurs impliqués et leurs rôles. Afin de fournir une vue globale de la collaboration entre les services de secours, nous avons établi des modèles distinguant les ensembles des tâches : décisionnel, opérationnel et informationnel. Ces modèles ont été construits à partir du standard BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation). Sur la base de cette représentation, une analyse dysfonctionnelle a été effectuée à partir d’une analyse AMDEC (Analyse les Modes de Défaillance, leurs Effets et leur Criticité) dans l’optique d’identifier pour mieux anticiper les évènements susceptibles de perturber le plan d’intervention. La suite du travail s’inscrit dans le domaine de planification sous incertitudes. Les plans d’intervention qui existent sont destinés à garantir la mobilisation des ressources et l’organisation opérationnelle des secours. Dans ce domaine, il est également important de distinguer la phase de préparation en amont des plans d’interventions, qui va tâcher d’anticiper la plupart des situations possibles, de l’exécution des plans qui devront pouvoir s’adapter aux imprévus de la situation réelle, et envisager donc des modes dégradés. Nous concentrons nos efforts sur des approches de type proactive, réactive et progressive qui semblent pouvoir bien s’adapter à ce contexte. La première prend en compte les incertitudes dès la phase de construction hors ligne. Dans la seconde approche, un plan prédictif, construit hors ligne sans tenir compte des incertitudes, sera complété par différents algorithmes réactifs exécutés en ligne pour corriger des incohérences dans le plan initial induisant une replanification. Dans la troisième approche le plan est généré à court terme, ce qui permet de planifier et d’exécuter le plan en ligne.Généralement, en planification le nombre des actions nécessaires afin d’atteindre l’objectif est inconnu. Ainsi qu’en ordonnancement, nous savons exactement le nombre de tâche à exécuter. Dans notre projet, nous sommes entre les deux car nous pouvons avoir une idée globale de la taille du plan et nous ne savons pas au départ qu’est-ce que nous allons exécuter. Chaque acteur de plan d’intervention a une bibliothèque des plans types. Nous utilisons un algorithme d’insertion de plans afin de choisir parmi les plans types ceux qui peuvent servir à atteindre l’objectif. Le système multi-agents est un outil d’aide à la décision qui nous permet de simuler notre scénario dans les deux aspects semi-centralisé et décentralisé afin de comparer les comportements des agents en leur donnant un niveau d’autonomie.Dans cette thèse, nous visons à tester des stratégies distribuées pour générer et exécuter des plans d’urgence dans un scénario d’attaque terroriste. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un système de planification multi-agent dynamique qui se concentre sur la phase de réponse dans un plan desauvetage où la réaction doit être rapide et efficace autant que possible afin de minimiser les pertes humaines

Multi-Agent Systems

A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. Multi-agent systems can be used to solve problems which are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or monolithic system to solve. Agent systems are open and extensible systems that allow for the deployment of autonomous and proactive software components. Multi-agent systems have been brought up and used in several application domains

Distance support in-service engineering for the high energy laser

The U.S. Navy anticipates moving to a shipboard high-energy laser program of record in the fiscal year 2018 and achieving an initial operational capability by 2020. The design of a distance support capability within the high-energy laser system was expected to assist the Navy in reaching this goal. This capstone project explored the current Navy architecture for distance support and applied system engineering methodologies to develop a conceptual distance support framework with application to the high-energy laser system. A model and simulation of distance support functions were developed and used to analyze the feasibility in terms of performance, cost, and risk. Results of this capstone study showed that the implementation of distance support for the high-energy laser system is feasible and would reduce the total ownership cost over the life of the program. Furthermore, the capstone shows that moving toward the team’s recommended distance support framework will address current gaps in the Navy distance support architecture and will provide a methodology tailored to modern enterprise naval systems.http://archive.org/details/distancesupporti1094545248Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Graph-based reasoning in collaborative knowledge management for industrial maintenance

Capitalization and sharing of lessons learned play an essential role in managing the activities of industrial systems. This is particularly the case for the maintenance management, especially for distributed systems often associated with collaborative decision-making systems. Our contribution focuses on the formalization of the expert knowledge required for maintenance actors that will easily engage support tools to accomplish their missions in collaborative frameworks. To do this, we use the conceptual graphs formalism with their reasoning operations for the comparison and integration of several conceptual graph rules corresponding to different viewpoint of experts. The proposed approach is applied to a case study focusing on the maintenance management of a rotary machinery system

Rule-based Monitoring Framework for Business Process Compliance

Business processes compliance monitoring can be viewed as a task of detecting and reacting to the compliance of running business processes with compliance rules, which are the semantic constraints originated from norms, standards, and laws, etc. Normally, compliance rules not only refer to normal process perspectives, like control ow, data ow, and time, but also perspectives of data aggregation as well as their mixtures. Such characteristics as well as potentially high number of concurrently running process instances, post challenges for processes compliance monitoring from the aspects of specification and monitoring efficiency. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a compliance monitoring framework (bpCMon), including an event-based compliance language (ECL) and event reaction system (ERS), wherein ECL is a formal language enabling specifying compliance rules of multi-perspective, and ERS is a powerful rule-based system enriched with events indexing structure, and fully supports the monitoring for compliance rules in ECL. Experiments on a real life datasets indicate the applicability of bpCMon, and the comparisons with three related works over benchmarks demonstrate the efficiency of bpCMon

Bridging the gap between textual and formal business process representations

Tesi en modalitat de compendi de publicacionsIn the era of digital transformation, an increasing number of organizations are start ing to think in terms of business processes. Processes are at the very heart of each business, and must be understood and carried out by a wide range of actors, from both technical and non-technical backgrounds alike. When embracing digital transformation practices, there is a need for all involved parties to be aware of the underlying business processes in an organization. However, the representational complexity and biases of the state-of-the-art modeling notations pose a challenge in understandability. On the other hand, plain language representations, accessible by nature and easily understood by everyone, are often frowned upon by technical specialists due to their ambiguity. The aim of this thesis is precisely to bridge this gap: Between the world of the techni cal, formal languages and the world of simpler, accessible natural languages. Structured as an article compendium, in this thesis we present four main contributions to address specific problems in the intersection between the fields of natural language processing and business process management.A l’era de la transformació digital, cada vegada més organitzacions comencen a pensar en termes de processos de negoci. Els processos són el nucli principal de tota empresa i, com a tals, han de ser fàcilment comprensibles per un ampli ventall de rols, tant perfils tècnics com no-tècnics. Quan s’adopta la transformació digital, és necessari que totes les parts involucrades estiguin ben informades sobre els protocols implantats com a part del procés de digitalització. Tot i això, la complexitat i biaixos de representació dels llenguatges de modelització que actualment conformen l’estat de l’art sovint en dificulten la seva com prensió. D’altra banda, les representacions basades en documentació usant llenguatge natural, accessibles per naturalesa i fàcilment comprensibles per tothom, moltes vegades són vistes com un problema pels perfils més tècnics a causa de la presència d’ambigüitats en els textos. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és precisament el de superar aquesta distància: La distància entre el món dels llenguatges tècnics i formals amb el dels llenguatges naturals, més accessibles i senzills. Amb una estructura de compendi d’articles, en aquesta tesi presentem quatre grans línies de recerca per adreçar problemes específics en aquesta intersecció entre les tecnologies d’anàlisi de llenguatge natural i la gestió dels processos de negoci.Postprint (published version