The 3G standard setting strategy and indigenous innovation policy in China is TD-SCDMA a flagship?

In the time of “network economy”, industries and the public have stressed several “battles for dominance” between two or more rival technologies, often involving well-known firms operating in highly visible industries. In this paper, we are going to focus on the Chinese self-developed standard TD-SCDMA to perceive the implication and target of the nation’s policy and strategy. The motivation of the research starts from the interesting fact we observed: TD-SCDMA is named as the Chinese made standard, however the Chinese hold core patent technology is still about 7%, while most of the rest part is still taken by other foreign companies. The “faultage” between the small share reality and a self made standard sweet dream implies a well plotted strategy. In order to understand it, we firstly raise the question of why the Chinese government postpones the 3G decision again and again. Then we go further to probe why the standard-setting of TD-SCDMA has aroused wide attention as a strategic tool to fulfill “indigenous innovation”, and finally becomes part of national science and technology policy to increase international competitiveness? We are going to use economics theories to understand the essence of the creation of TD-SCDMA, and its relation to China’s interests.3G, standard, innovation, China

3G migration in Pakistan

The telecommunication industry in Pakistan has come a long way since the country\u27s independence in 1947. The initial era could be fairly termed as the PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited) monopoly, for it was the sole provider of all telecommunication services across the country. It was not until four decades later that the region embarked into the new world of wireless communication, hence ending the decades old PTCL monopoly. By the end of the late 1990\u27s, government support and international investment in the region opened new doors to innovation and better quality, low cost, healthy competition. Wireless licenses for the private sector in the telecommunication industry triggered a promising chain of events that resulted in a drastic change in the telecommunication infrastructure and service profile. The newly introduced wireless (GSM) technology received enormous support from all stakeholders (consumers, regulatory body, and market) and caused a vital boost in Pakistan\u27s economy. Numerous tangential elements had triggered this vital move in the history of telecommunications in Pakistan. Entrepreneurs intended to test the idea of global joint ventures in the East and hence the idea of international business became a reality. The technology had proven to be a great success in the West, while Pakistan\u27s telecom consumer had lived under the shadow of PTCL dominance for decades and needed more flexibility. At last the world was moving from wired to wireless! Analysts termed this move as the beginning of a new era. The investors, telecommunication businesses, and Pakistani treasury prospered. It was a win-win situation for all involved. The learning curve was steep for both operators and consumers but certainly improved over time. In essence, the principle of deploying the right technology in the right market at the right time led to this remarkable success. The industry today stands on the brink of a similar crossroads via transition from second generation to something beyond. With the partial success of 3G in Europe and the USA, the government has announced the release of three 3G licenses by mid 2009. This decision is not yet fully supported by all but still initiated parallel efforts by the operators and the vendors to integrate this next move into their existing infrastructure

Performance Analysis of 3G Communication Network

In this project, third generation (3G) technologies research had been carried out to design and optimization conditions for 3G network. The 3G wireless mobile communication networks are growing at an ever faster rate, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. Some services such as e-mail, web browsing etc allow the transition of the network from circuit switched to packet switched operation, resulting in increased overall network performance. Higher reliability, better coverage and services, higher capacity, mobility management, and wireless multimedia are all parts of the network performance. Throughput and spectral efficiency are fundamental parameters in capacity planning for 3G cellular network deployments. This project investigates also the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) throughput and spectral efficiency performance of the standard Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMTS) system for different scenarios of user and different technologies. Power consumption comparison for different mobile technology is also discussed. The analysis can significantly help system engineers to obtain crucial performance characteristics of 3G network. At the end of the paper, coverage area of 3G from one of the mobile network in Malaysia is presented

Використання дронів в якості базових станцій стільникової наземної системи радіодоступу

Дана дипломна робота присвячена використанню дронів у якості базових станцій стільникової наземної системи радіодоступу. У даній роботі для сценарію низькорівневих аероплатформ проведено дослідження характеристик зони покриття DSCs, системних особливостей, пов'язаних з їх експлуатацією та управлінням. Визначено оптимальну висоту зависання дронів в DSCs, яка призводить до максимальної зони покриття і мінімальної необхідної потужності передачі для одного DSCs. Проведено дослідження щодо розв’язання задачі забезпечення максимального охоплення для певної географічної області для двох сценарієв: без перешкод і повна перешкода між DSC. Визначено вплив відстані між DSC на зону покриття і оптимальну відстань між DSC, що забезпечує максимальне покриття.This thesis is devoted to the development of using of drones as a base station of a cellular ground system. In this paper, considering the low altitude platform (LAP), the advancements and discuss the challenges associated with their operation and management. The optimal DSC altitude which leads to a maximum ground coverage and minimum required transmit power for a single DSC is derived. A study was conducted to solve the problem of ensuring maximum coverage for a specific geographical area for two scenarios: interference free and full interference between DSCs. The impact of the distance between DSCs on the coverage area is studied and the optimal distance between DSCs resulting in maximum coverage is derived

Redes de telecomunicações móveis em Portugal: análise retrospectiva

Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaPortugal é um dos países da União Europeia (UE) com maior taxa de penetração do Serviço Telefónico Móvel (STM) o que o torna num dos países mais interessantes para estudos relacionados com redes e serviços M´oveis. Neste contexto os estudos de mercado para determinar a taxa de penetração de um novo serviço / tecnologia tornam-se decisivos para as empresas uma vez que podem implicar custos elevados por vezes muito difíceis de rentabilizar. Apesar de já existir algum software que permite fazer modelação do comportamento de vários operadores de telecomunicações em determinados cenários, esses modelos têm em consideração padrões de comportamento teóricos e podem não estar inteiramente adaptados à realidade de cada mercado. Este trabalho procura melhorar esses padrões de comportamento fazendo uma análise retrospectiva ao mercado do STM desde a sua introdução em Portugal, em 1989, e assim fornecer dados mais precisos às ferramentas de modelação.Portugal is one of the European Union (EU) countries with the highest penetration rate of Mobile Telecommunications Service (MTS) and that fact makes it one of the most interesting countries for conducting studies related to mobile networks and services. In this context, doing market research to determine the penetration rate of a particular new service / technology becomes crucial for companies, since it may involve high costs sometimes very difficult to monetize. Although there is already some software that models the behavior of several telecom operators in certain scenarios, these models take into account patterns of behavior based only on theory which may not be fully adapted to each market reality. This work seeks to improve those patterns of behavior by a making a retrospective market analysis of the MTS, since its introduction in Portugal in 1989 thus providing more accurate data for modeling tools

A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals

Fourth generation (4G) communications will support many capabilities while providing universal, high speed access. One potential enabler for these capabilities is software defined radio (SDR). When controlled by cognitive radio (CR) principles, the required waveform diversity is achieved via a synergistic union called CR-based SDR. Research is rapidly progressing in SDR hardware and software venues, but current CR-based SDR research lacks the theoretical foundation and analytic framework to permit efficient implementation. This limitation is addressed here by introducing a general framework for analyzing, characterizing, and implementing spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals within CR-based SDR architectures. Given orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a 4G candidate signal, OFDM-based signals are collectively classified as SMSE since modulation and encoding are spectrally applied. The proposed framework provides analytic commonality and unification of SMSE signals. Applicability is first shown for candidate 4G signals, and resultant analytic expressions agree with published results. Implementability is then demonstrated in multiple coexistence scenarios via modeling and simulation to reinforce practical utility

The mobile Internet report

Key ponts Material wealth creation / destruction should surpass earlier computing cycles. The mobile Internet cycle, the 5th cycle in 50 years, is just starting. Winners in each cycle often create more market capitalization than in the last. New winners emerge, some incumbents survive – or thrive – while many past winners falter. The mobile Internet is ramping faster than desktop Internet did, and we believe more users may connect to the Internet via mobile devices than desktop PCs within 5 years. Five IP-based products / services are growing / converging and providing the underpinnings for dramatic growth in mobile Internet usage – 3G adoption + social networking + video + VoIP + impressive mobile devices. Apple + Facebook platforms serving to raise the bar for how users connect / communicate – their respective ramps in user and developer engagement may be unprecedented. Decade-plus Internet usage / monetization ramps for mobile Internet in Japan plus desktop Internet in developed markets provide roadmaps for global ramp and monetization. Massive mobile data growth is driving transitions for carriers and equipment providers. Emerging markets have material potential for mobile Internet user growth. Low penetration of fixed-line telephone and already vibrant mobile value-added services mean that for many EM users and SMEs, the Internet will be mobile

A study of mobile VoIP performance in wireless broadband networks

Voice service is to date still the killer mobile service and the main source for operator revenue for years to come. Additionally, voice service will evolve from circuit switched technologies towards packet based Voice over IP (VoIP). However, using VoIP over wireless networks different from 3GPP cellular technologies makes it also a disruptive technology in the traditional telecommunication sector. The focus of this dissertation is on determining mobile VoIP performance in different wireless broadband systems with current state of the art networks, as well as the potential disruption to cellular operators when mobile VoIP is deployed over different access networks. The research method is based on an empirical model. The model and experiments are well documented and based on industry standards for voice quality evaluation. The evaluation provides results from both experiments in a controlled laboratory setup as well as from live scenarios. The research scope is first, evaluate each network technology independently; second, investigate vertical handover mobility cases; third, determine other aspects directly affecting end user experience (e.g., call setup delay and battery lifetime). The main contribution of this work is a systematic examination of mobile VoIP performance and end user experience. The research results point out the main challenges for achieving call toll quality, and how derive the required changes and technological performance roadmap for improved VoIP service. That is, investigate how the performance and usability of mobile VoIP can eventually be improved to be a suitable substitute for circuit switched voice. In addition, we evaluate the potential disruption to cellular operators that mobile VoIP brings when deployed over other access networks. This research extends the available knowledge from simulations and provides an insight into actual end user experience, as well as the challenges of using embedded clients in handheld devices. In addition, we find several issues that are not visible or accounted for in simulations in regard to network parameters, required retransmissions and decreased battery lifetime. The conclusion is that although the network performance of several wireless networks is good enough for near toll quality voice in static scenarios, there are still a number of problems which make it currently unfeasible to use as a primary voice service. Moreover, under mobility scenarios performance is degraded. Finally, there are other issues apart from network performance such as energy consumption, hardware limitations and lack of supporting business models (e.g., for WiFi mesh) that further limit the possibility of rolling out mobile VoIP services

Support of real-time services in recent 3G mobile networks

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na současnou třetí generaci mobilních sítí. První část popisuje standardizační vývoj 3G a mapuje postupný rozvoj 3G sítí v České republice z hlediska komerčně spuštěných technologií a přidělených frekvenčních pásem pro jednotlivé operátory působících na českém trhu. V dalších podkapitolách v první části jsou stručně přiblíženy technologie UMTS a CDMA 2000. Podkapitola CDMA 2000 stručně popisuje architekturu a fyzickou vrstvu této sítě a charakterizuje základní prvky čtyř revizí u vývojové větve CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO. Podkapitola UMTS se především zaměřuje na porovnání fyzických vrstev dvou různých přístupových technologií, a to TD-CDMA a W-CDMA. Pro zajištění lepších podmínek mobilního připojení pro provozování služeb reálného času byly implementovány nové prvky do stávajícího systému UMTS. Tyto prvky zvyšující přenosovou rychlost a snižující zpoždění jsou popsány v kapitole Technologie HSPA. Tato kapitola vybírá nejdůležitější z nich a popisuje jaké změny (řízení, architektura) musely být ve stávající UMTS architektuře provedeny. První kapitola je uzavřena technologií WiMAX. Podkapitola stručně porovnává technologii WiMAX se současnými nejperspektivnějšími buňkovými systémy a přináší kvalitativní parametry připojení této technologie. Na českém trhu jsou komerčně spuštěny tři různé technologie 3G: UMTS-FDD, UMTS-TDD a CDMA 2000. Druhá kapitola stručně srovnává 3G pokrytí všech tří českých operátorů: Telefónica O2, T-Mobile a U:fon, a po té prezentuje výsledky kvalitativních parametrů mobilních připojení příslušných 3G technologií. Testy prováděné pomocí simulačního softwaru IxChariot byly zaměřeny na proměření a porovnání parametrů propustnost, zpoždění, jitter, ztrátovost, MLR a DF. Na základě proměření těchto parametrů byly stanoveny předpoklady pro provozování VoIP a videohovorů u jednotlivých operátorů, které byly prakticky ověřeny. V poslední kapitole je zpracována laboratorní úloha, která má seznámit studenty s technologií UMTS-TDD komerčně provozovanou operátorem T-Mobile a za pomocí běžně dostupných nástrojů proměřit všechny kvalitativní parametry této technologie.This Master’s thesis is focused on the recent 3G mobile networks. The first chapter describes an evolution of standardization 3G and surveys a gradual development of 3G networks in Czech Republic from a point of view of commercially launched technologies and assigned frequency spectrums for single mobile operators. UMTS and CDMA 2000 are briefly approached in next subchapters. The subchapter CDMA 2000 is briefly concentrated on architecture and a physical layer of this technology and characterizes main features of four revises of developmental branch CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO. The subchapter UMTS is especially focused on a comparison of air interfaces TD-CDMA and W-CDMA. New features were implemented to the recent system UMTS for a better support of real-time services. These features increasing a throughput and decreasing a delay are described in a chapter Technology HSPA. This chapter chooses the most important features and describes changes (in a control and architecture) which had to be implemented. First chapter is finished by technology WiMAX. The most recent perspective cell systems are compared with WiMAX in this subchapter and qualitative parameters of WiMAX are shown there. The three different 3G technologies (UMTS-FDD, UMTS-TDD and CDMA 2000) are lunched in Czech Republic. The second chapter briefly compares coverage of three czech mobile operators (Telefónica O2, T-Mobile and U:fon) and then presents results of qualitative parameters of used 3G technologies. The simulation conducted by software IxChariot were focused on to gauge parameters like throughput, delay, jitter, lost data, MLR and DF. The conditions for providing real-time services were specified based on simulations that were practically checked. The lab composed in last chapter should bring closer to students technology UMTS-TDD launched by T-Mobile. The students will measure the qualitative parameters of this technology with the assistance of commonly available tools.