The Use of Linear Programming Problem To Minimize Fish Feeds

This research, application of linear programming problem on cost minimization on fish feeds was aimed to minimizenbsp the cost of production of fish feeds. The data used was collected using both primary and secondary data. Linear programming problem was used to analyzed the data and the optimum solution was obtained at 5th iterations with fingerlings feeds to be 8/9 of tons and growers feeds to be 10/9nbsp tons andnbsp the minimum cost of producing the tones of fingerlings and growers is N498, 675.60. We then recommend that any fish farmer who really wants to embark on efficient and effective fish production should use linear programming problem to determine the minimums cost of production. In other to maximizes their profits

The Use of Linear Programming Problem To Minimize Fish Feeds

This research, application of linear programming problem on cost minimization on fish feeds was aimed to minimizenbsp the cost of production of fish feeds. The data used was collected using both primary and secondary data. Linear programming problem was used to analyzed the data and the optimum solution was obtained at 5th iterations with fingerlings feeds to be 8/9 of tons and growers feeds to be 10/9nbsp tons andnbsp the minimum cost of producing the tones of fingerlings and growers is N498, 675.60. We then recommend that any fish farmer who really wants to embark on efficient and effective fish production should use linear programming problem to determine the minimums cost of production. In other to maximizes their profits

Linear programming technique in fish feed formulation

Nutrition plays a vital role in improving animal productivity. Good deal of work has been done in India on nutritional requirements of livestock and poultry. But studies on fish nutrition especially on the marine species are comparatively of recent origin. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has been undertaking experimental work to estimate the digestibility coefficients of different feed stuffs and the nutritional requirements of selected fin and shell fishes. Experiments are also conducted to test the efficiency of different feed mixtures and to study their economics. In this paper a versatile tool called 'linear programming technique' has been discussed in relation to fish feed formulation

Linear programming can help identify practical solutions to improve the nutritional quality of food aid.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the nutritional quality of food aid delivered by food banks in France and to identify practical modifications to improve it. DESIGN: National-level data were collected for all food aid distributed by French food banks in 2004, and its nutrient content per 2000 kcal was estimated and compared with French recommendations for adults. Starting with the actual donation and allowing new foods into the food aid donation, linear programming was used to identify the minimum changes required in the actual donation to achieve the French recommendations. RESULTS: French food-bank-delivered food aid does not achieve the French recommendations for dietary fibre, ascorbic acid, vitamin D, folate, magnesium, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and the percentage of energy from saturated fatty acids. Linear programming analysis showed that these recommendations are achievable if more fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish were collected and less cheese, refined cereals and foods rich in fat, sugar and/or salt. In addition, new foods not previously collected are needed, particularly nuts, wholemeal bread and rapeseed oil. These changes increased the total edible weight (42%) and economic value (55%) of the food aid donation, with one-third of its edible weight coming from fruits and vegetables, one-third from staples, one-quarter from dairy products and approximately a tenth from meat/fish/eggs. CONCLUSIONS: Important changes in the types and amounts of food collected will improve the nutritional quality of food-bank-delivered food aid in France. Such changes are recommended to improve the diets of deprived French populations

Assessing the Sensitivity of Different Life Stages for Sexual Disruption in Roach (Rutilus rutilus) Exposed to Effluents from Wastewater Treatment Works

Surveys of U.K. rivers have shown a high incidence of sexual disruption in populations of wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) living downstream from wastewater treatment works (WwTW), and the degree of intersex (gonads containing both male and female structural characteristics) has been correlated with the concentration of effluent in those rivers. In this study, we investigated feminized responses to two estrogenic WwTWs in roach exposed for periods during life stages of germ cell division (early life and the postspawning period). Roach were exposed as embryos from fertilization up to 300 days posthatch (dph; to include the period of gonadal sex differentiation) or as postspawning adult males, and including fish that had received previous estrogen exposure, for either 60 or 120 days when the annual event of germ cell proliferation occurs. Both effluents induced vitellogenin synthesis in both life stages studied, and the magnitude of the vitellogenic responses paralleled the effluent content of steroid estrogens. Feminization of the reproductive ducts occurred in male fish in a concentration-dependent manner when the exposure occurred during early life, but we found no effects on the reproductive ducts in adult males. Depuration studies (maintenance of fish in clean water after exposure to WwTW effluent) confirmed that the feminization of the reproductive duct was permanent. We found no evidence of ovotestis development in fish that had no previous estrogen exposure for any of the treatments. In wild adult roach that had previously received exposure to estrogen and were intersex, the degree of intersex increased during the study period, but this was not related to the immediate effluent exposure, suggesting a previously determined programming of ovotestis formation

Ample evidence for fish sentience and pain

The majority of commentaries are supportive of our position on the scepticism that muddies the waters surrounding fish pain and sentience. There is substantial empirical evidence for pain in fish. Animals’ experience of pain cannot be compared to artificial intelligence (AI) because AI can only mimic responses to nociceptive input on the basis of human observations and programming. Accepting that fish are sentient would not be detrimental to the industries reliant on fish. A more proactive discussion between scientists and stakeholders is needed to improve fish welfare for the benefit of all

Faustmann in the Sea: Optimal Rotation in Aquaculture

In this article an extended version of the well-known Faustmann model is developed for solving the rotation problem in fish farming. Two particularly important aspects of the problem are emphasized: First, the possibilities for cycles in relative price relationships and second, restrictions in release time for certain species. An illustration of the model based on assumptions from salmon farming shows that the inclusion of these two features has major influences on rotation time, and hence harvest weight.Aquaculture, optimal rotation, dynamic programming, relative prices., Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Q22,

THE COST OF MEETING EQUITY: OPPORTUNITY COST OF IRRIGATION IN THE FISH-SUNDAYS SCHEME OF SOUTH AFRICA

In this paper the incremental values of water are calculated for irrigators in the Fish-Sundays Scheme of South Africa's Eastern Cape province. The socio-political pressure for redistribution of agricultural resources provided the imperative for this study. The model of the Fish-Sundays Scheme reflects a survey of 50 000ha of fodder and citrus production. It explicitly models the water demand on sixteen typical farms, for five irrigation technologies, six crops and four livestock activities. The existing allocation generates an average value of R0.0423/m3/year, which increases to R0.0681/m3/year if farmer-to-farmer trading is allowed given existing infrastructure. Unrestricted trade raises the average value to R0.0719/m3/year. The marginal cost of additional water in the source basin is R0.05/m3/year for the first 315 million m3 and R1.27/m3/year to extend capacity beyond that.water value, irrigation, linear programming, South Africa, Eastern Cape, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q15, Q12,

Possible dietary effects of insect-based diets across zebrafish (Danio rerio) generations: A multidisciplinary study on the larval phase

7noInsects represent a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, insect-based diets have often highlighted controversial results in different fish species, especially when high inclusion levels were used. Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional programming through parental feeding may allow the production of fish better adapted to use sub-optimal aquafeed ingredients. To date, this approach has never been explored on insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were used to investigate the effects of programming via broodstock nutrition on F1 zebrafish larvae development. The responses of offspring were assayed through biometric, gas chromatographic, histological, and molecular analyses. The results evidenced that the same BSF-based diets provided to adults were able to affect F1 zebrafish larvae fatty acid composition without impairing growth performances, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut health. Groups challenged with higher BSF inclusion with respect to fish meal (50%, 75% and 100%) showed a significant downregulation of stress response markers and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines gene expression. The present study evidences that nutritional programming through parental feeding may make it possible to extend the fish meal substitution level with BSF prepupae meal in the diet up to almost 100% without incurring the well-known negative side effects of BSF-based diets.openopenZarantoniello M.; Randazzo B.; Cardinaletti G.; Truzzi C.; Chemello G.; Riolo P.; Olivotto I.Zarantoniello, M.; Randazzo, B.; Cardinaletti, G.; Truzzi, C.; Chemello, G.; Riolo, P.; Olivotto, I