Wideband and UWB antennas for wireless applications. A comprehensive review

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems

Design of UWB microstrip patch antenna with variable band notched characteristics

Recently lower frequency band 4.5−5.5 GHz is proposed by the ASEAN countries for 5G cellular application and therefore, it is essential of designing an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for the particular band-notched characteristics. In this article, a compact tuning fork shape ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with a variable band-notched characteristic has been proposed for 5G cellular application. The UWB antenna has been achieved by using a tuning fork shape with a simple partial ground plane. A pair of ring shape slits (RSS) on the ground plane has been added to achieve the band-notched characteristic. The proposed antenna has achieved a large −10 dB bandwidth of 7.8 GHz (2.9−11 GHz) and the VSWR value is less than 2 for the entire bandwidth excepted for notched frequency bands of lower 5G bands (4.5−5.5 GHz). Moreover, the antenna has a peak radiation efficiency of more than 87% for UWB and less than 27% for the notched frequency band. The notched-band is shifted with the change in the position of RSS’s within the vertical axis and thus, the variable band-notched characteristics have been achieved. Besides, the proposed antenna is compact with the dimension of 45×34 mm2 that makes it suitable for the lower band of 5G application

Compact Planar Ultrawideband Antennas with Continuously Tunable, Independent Band-Notched Filters

© 2016 IEEE. A compact planar ultrawideband antenna with continuously tunable, independent band notches for cognitive radio applications is presented. The antenna is fabricated using a copper-cladded substrate. A radiating patch with an inverted rectangular T-slot is etched on the top side of the substrate. A straight rectangular strip with a complete gap is embedded into the T-slot. By placing a single varactor diode across this gap, a frequency-agile band-notch function below 5 GHz is realized. On the bottom side of the substrate, a U-shaped parasitic element having an interdigitated-structure is placed beneath the radiating patch. The second narrow band notch is created by inserting a second varactor diode into the gap on one leg of the parasitic element. It has a frequency-agile performance above 5 GHz. The presence of the interdigitated structure suppresses higher order resonant modes and enhances the tunability of the notched bandwidth. Because these antenna structures naturally block dc, a very small number of lumped elements are required. The experimental results, which are in good agreement with their simulated values, demonstrate that both band notches can be independently controlled and the entire frequency-agile fractional bandwidth is as high as 74.5%, demonstrating a very wide notched frequency-agile coverage

A Review: Circuit Theory of Microstrip Antennas for Dual-, Multi-, and Ultra-Widebands

In this chapter, a review has been presented on dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband (UWB). This review has been classified according to antenna feeding and loading of antennas using slots and notch and coplanar structure. Thereafter a comparison of dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband antenna has been presented. The basic geometry of patch antenna has been present along with its equivalent circuit diagram. It has been observed that patch antenna geometry for ultra-wideband is difficult to achieve with normal structure. Ultra-wideband antennas are achieved with two or more techniques; mostly UWB antennas are achieved from coplaner structures

A novel compact fractal UWB antenna with triple reconfigurable notch reject bands applications

A compact, circular UWB fractal antenna with triple reconfigurable notch rejection bands is proposed. It rejects the crowded frequency bands WiMAX, WLAN and X band interferences produced in UWB communication systems. The proposed fractal structure consists of a basic circular patch with circular fractal iterations. By employing this new structure of fractals, the overall size of antenna is reduced 53% to 21 × 25 mm, in comparison with traditional circular monopole antenna. The implemented antenna operates at 3.1–10 GHz. Re-configurability is realized by designing slots and split ring resonators in desired frequencies with the attached PIN diodes. WLAN band rejection was realized by creating a pair of optimized L-shaped slots in the ground plane. By etching a split ring resonator and a U-shaped slot, X and WiMAX bands were also rejected. Furthermore, by attaching diodes to aforementioned slots and designating the diodes on/off, different bands can be included or rejected. In time domain, the antenna properties are evaluated by a figure of merit called fidelity factor. Finally, the antenna properties are measured in anechoic chamber and the results agrees with simulation findings

UWB Technology

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology has attracted increasing interest and there is a growing demand for UWB for several applications and scenarios. The unlicensed use of the UWB spectrum has been regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) since the early 2000s. The main concern in designing UWB circuits is to consider the assigned bandwidth and the low power permitted for transmission. This makes UWB circuit design a challenging mission in today's community. Various circuit designs and system implementations are published in this book to give the reader a glimpse of the state-of-the-art examples in this field. The book starts at the circuit level design of major UWB elements such as filters, antennas, and amplifiers; and ends with the complete system implementation using such modules

Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Tunable Dual Band Notched Characteristics for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

The present work shows a planar compact ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with controllable dualband-notch frequencies at 3.3 GHz for WiMAX and 5 GHz for WLAN. In the proposed antenna, the lower notchband (at a frequency of 3.3 GHz) is made by cutting a thin horizontal strip on top of the radiating patch. The uppernotch band (at a frequency of 5 GHz) is made by putting two narrow parasitic strips in the shape of an “I” oneither side of the radiating patch. The incorporation of three varactor diodes between the radiating patch and three metallic strips provides the flexibility of adjusting the notch frequencies. The notch band tunability between 3.15 GHz and 3.69 GHz and between 4.93 GHz and 5.59 GHz, respectively, is achieved by changing the bias voltageof the varactor diode between 0 V and 30 V. The gain and efficiency characteristics of the designed antenna alsoexhibit band rejection at the respective notch frequencies. The design principle is validated by fabricating andmeasuring a prototype of the proposed dual-band, notched UWB antenna. For three different bias voltages of thevaractor, the simulated and experimental findings are in reasonable agreement. The proposed works demonstratebetter-notch characteristics as compared with other reported works over the UWB rang

A novel SWB antenna with triple band-notches based on elliptical slot and rectangular split ring resonators

In this paper, a wideband antenna was designed for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed antenna was fed with a rectangular tapered microstrip feed line, which operated over a SWB frequency range (1.42 GHz to 50 GHz). The antenna was implemented at a compact size with electrical dimensions of 0.16 ¿ × 0.27 ¿ × 0.0047 ¿ mm3, where ¿ was with respect to the lowest resonance frequency. The proposed antenna prototype was fabricated on a F4B substrate, which had a permittivity of 2.65 and 1 mm thickness. The SWB antenna exhibited an impedance bandwidth of 189% and a bandwidth ratio of 35.2:1. Additionally, the proposed antenna design exhibited three band notch characteristics that were necessary to eradicate interference from WLAN, WiMAX, and X bands in the SWB range. One notch was achieved by etching an elliptical split ring resonator (ESRR) in the radiator and the other two notches were achieved by placing rectangular split ring resonators close to the signal line. The first notch was tuned by incorporating a varactor diode into the ESRR. The prototype was experimentally validated with, with notch and without notch characteristics for SWB applications. The experimental results showed good agreement with simulated results.Postprint (published version

Hexagonal Printed Monopole Antenna with Triple Stop Bands for UWB Application

Inherently UWB (Ultra Wideband) communication systems comes with interference problem with some if the existing narrowband communication systems. These bands are stopped with the help of band-stop filter in order to reduce electromagnetic interference However, the complexity and limitations are increased due to these filters, hence this solution is turned down in those applications where design complications and complexity is of concern. Introducing various slots of specific shapes and exact dimensions however, have solved this issue for the researchers around the world. This paper presents a hexagonal PMA (Printed Monopole Antenna) with triple stop bands. The antenna is used for UWB application. The antenna is stopped the WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and ITU (International Telecommunication Union) bands. The antenna dimensions are 30x28x16 mm3. FR4 is used between ground and radiating patch with relative permittivity of 4.4. The VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is less than 2 between 3-11 GHz except WiMAX (3.1-3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.1-5.8 GHz) and the ITU frequency band (7.95-8.4 GHz). The antenna is design in CST software

A compact UWB monopole antenna with penta band notched characteristics

A modified rectangular monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with penta notched frequency bands is presented. An inverted U shaped and slanted U-shaped on the radiating patch are inserted to achieve WiMAX and ARN bands rejection respectively, two mirrored summation Σ-shaped and four mirrored 5-shaped slots are inserted on the partial ground to achieve WLAN and X-band bands rejection respectively, finally rectangular shaped slot with partially open on the feed is inserted to achieve ITU-8 band rejection. The proposed antenna which was simulated has a compact size 30×35×1.6 m3. It is operated with impedance bandwidth 2.8-10.6 GHz at |S11| < −10 dB, that supported UWB bandwidth with filtering the five narrowbands that avoid the possible interference with them. The simulated resonant frequency for notched filters received 3.55, 4.55, 5.53, 7.45, 8.16 GHZ, for WiMAX, ARN, WLAN, X-Band, ITU-8 respectively. The proposed antenna is suitable for wireless communication such as mobile communication and internet of everything (IoE). Throughout this paper, CST-EM software package was used for the design implementation. Surface current distributions for all notched filters were investigated and shown that it is concentrated around the feeding point and the inserted notched slots proving that there is no radiation to the space due to maximum stored electromagnetic energy around each investigated notch slot, proving that the slots play a role of a quarter wavelength transformer which generates for each notched band, maximum gain, and radiation pattern are also investigated