Equivalence at Law (and Society): Social Status in Korea, Race in America

Professor Lee\u27s Article uses a comparison between the evolving role of social status in Korean society and that of race in the United States to explore Korean society and its legal system. Tracing the historical origins of status consciousness from the Confucianism of the Chosun dynasty to its vestiges in contemporary Korean society, Professor Lee notes several important parallels between social status in Korea and race in the United States. Emphasizing that there remain significant differences between the ways each functions in relation to law, Professor Lee argues that considering the two in equivalence is nonetheless analytically useful in both framing questions and proposing solutions. Finally, he points out the advantages to be gained from applying U.S. critical race theory methodology in a Korean social status context

Green marketing

У навчальному посібнику системно розглядаються теоретичні та практичні аспекти впровадження концепції зеленого маркетингу в практику діяльності підприємств. Посібник рекомендується для роботи викладачів і студентів економічних спеціальностей у вузах, для студентів бізнес-шкіл, керівників підприємств, працівників відділів маркетингу та екологічних підрозділів, а також для інших фахівців, чия діяльність пов'язана з зеленим маркетингом.В учебном пособии системно рассматриваются теоретические и практические аспекты внедрения концепции зеленого маркетинга в практику деятельности предприятий. Пособие предназначается для преподавателей и студентов экономических специальностей в вузах, для студентов бизнес-школ, руководителей предприятий, работников отделов маркетинга и экологических подразделений, а также для других специалистов, чья деятельность связана с зеленым маркетингом.The teaching manual systematically covers theoretical and practical aspects of introduction of green marketing concept in practice of activity of the enterprises. Recommended for teachers and students of economic majors at higher education establishments as well as for students of business schools, heads of the enterprises and employees of marketing and environmental divisions, for other experts whose activity deals with green marketing

MySpace or OurSpace: a Cross-Cultural Empirical Analysis of MySpace Comments

The goal of the current study was to compare users from two distinct cultures to examine the extent to which they communicate differently through MySpace comments and to see how such differences might relate to their cultural background and biological sex. For this purpose, Hofstede\u27s theories of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity and Ting-Toomey\u27s face negotiation theory were used as frameworks. Content analysis was performed on 150 Hungarian and 150 American randomly selected MySpace comments. One-way ANOVAs and crosstabulations showed some significant differences and similarities between Hungarian and American MySpace comments. Real-life cultural differences and sex-linked differences were found to be reflected in the comments. Thus, this study found mixed evidence for the existence of a global MySpace culture that includes both global linguistic features and reflects upon elements from users\u27 own traditional cultur

Английский язык

Пособие предназначено для студентов специальности 1-25 01 03 «Мировая экономика» и слушателей системы повышения квалификации и переподготовки специальности 1-21 06 74 «Современный иностранный язык (экономическая деятельность)», соответствует учебной программе учреждений высшего образования по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык (1-й)». В пособии предусмотрены задания по усвоению экономических терминов, совершенствованию навыков чтения, перевода и понимания литературы по специальности

Phonetic symbolism for size, shape, and motion

This thesis examines phonetic symbolism, the meaningful use of individual speech sounds to convey and infer size, shape, and motion. Chapter 1 presents a summary of the literature. Though there is evidence suggesting that phonetic symbolism exists and is pervasive, the literature presents several research opportunities. In nine experiments and one pre-test (total N = 357 participants), we use graded stimuli throughout, which is uncommon in the previous research. This use of non-dichotomous stimuli allows for the hypotheses that have arisen from a gestural model of language evolution and the Frequency Code to be more fully investigated. In the first set of experiments (Chapter 2), we demonstrate that phonetic marking for size is graded, i.e., it does not mark just very large and very small objects. In Chapter 3, the focus is on marking for size and shape, and their possible interactions. We show that marking for size and for shape are not as in line with each other as previous works might suggest. Marking for movement is the topic of Chapter 4, which includes moving stimuli, not just implied motion. We find that trait permanence is at play with the naming for motion tasks, with marking only occurring when naming the motion itself. Finally, a concluding chapter summarizes and further expounds on the results of the thesis, and how those results relate to the hypotheses suggested by gestural models and frequency code. The conclusion also includes a section of current and future research directions

Memory for story-like material

A series of experiments was performed using the free recall of short story-like passages and a variety of analytic techniques to investigate two aspects of the mental representation of text: the nature of the encoding, and the structural relations among information in memory. The verbatim component of recall was the most variable across several factors, declined fastest after a moderate interval but was unresponsive to the recall accuracy demanded by instructions. It seemed to represent the most accurate information rather than any specifically verbatim encoding, Qualitative analysis demonstrated that verbatim recall was strongly determined by lexical and contextual constraints. Substitutions tended to be higher frequency words, supporting semantic decomposition and the loss of finer components of meaning. The mental representation appeared to consist of information on a number of levels of detail and accuracy, with no evidence for discrete propositions. The literature indicates two alternative approaches to structural factors in discourse comprehension. 'Text-led' theories employ structures peculiar to text and stress causal relations as organising factors. 'Knowledge-led' theories base organisation on the structure of corresponding information in semantic memory and predict that thematic relations, whether causal or not, will dominate memory. Evidence from clause recall contingencies and simple cluster analyses supported the 'knowledge-led' position. The differential behaviour of 'narrative' and 'nodal', apparently organised around verbs (activities) and nouns (actors or objects) respectively, was also consistent with knowledge-led processing. The implications of the results for selective processing during comprehension, and for the role of working memory were discussed. An attempt was also made to identify possible semantic memory structures which might be responsible for organising the episodic representation of information derived from text. Though still sketchy, the present framework is consistent with several recent lines of research and provides direction for future investigation

EFL in Korea: The teaching and learning of English as a foreign language in the context of South Korean culture

The objective of the present research is to explore the present state of EFL (English as a foreign language) in Korean culture which is assumed to be different from that of English speaking countries, and to investigate learners' attitudes toward needs and motivation for the English language. Since it seems to be recognised that language and culture are inseparable, EFL in the Korean cultural context might reflect its own typical aspects. Chapter 1 deals with problems in EFL in Korea, and the relationship between foreign language acquisition and cultural background. The meaning of culture and its importance in a foreign language learning and teaching is elaborated. Chapter 2 reflects the characteristics of Korean culture, with an account of her history, education system and national policy of EFL. Current implementation of English language teaching at Korean universities, with its developmental history, is presented with evidences obtained from previous research. Chapter 3 reviews the theoretical literature on needs, attitudes, interest, anxiety and motivation in foreign/second language learning, since they are recognised as central to foreign language acquisition. Research studies on these variables are introduced, compared with each other and critically discussed. In Chapter 4, research questions and hypotheses are drawn, based on the theoretical framework reviewed in Chapter 3. The research design (sampling, methods of and procedures for data-collection) is elaborated. Chapter 5 begins with a description of data-interpretation methods employed in the study. Data obtained from these instruments were statistically analysed through a computer programme `SPSS'. The findings of the research are presented, followed by a discussion of the results. In Chapter 6, more detailed profiles of analysis than those given in Chapter 5 are presented. Particularly, item-by-item comparison is made between the college students' and graduates' questionnaires. Chapter 7, as a closing chapter of the present research, reviews the foregoing chapters and derives conclusions, suggesting implications for further research. Key implications arising from the research are: priority for teaching EFL from intercultural perspectives, and (so far as learners are concerned) to tolerating the new approaches to teaching that are required

"Cause" and affect : evaluative and emotive parameters of meaning among the periphrastic causative verb in English

This dissertation investigates the so-called periphrastic causative verbs in English – verbs such as cause, make, have, force, and let – and distinguishes them with respect to their selectional behavior and inferential properties. I suggest that these verbs are primarily differentiated in terms of the evaluative and affective dispositions of participants in the speech act and the caused eventuality. The empirical basis for this claim incorporates corpora as well as experimental elicitation and judgment tasks. Based on these findings, it is proposed that the selection of periphrastic causative verb in the expression of a directive causative event is governed by the evaluative stance of the patient of the causative verb. I argue that the English verb cause in particular is less general than has previously been assumed, that it has at least two different senses, and that its primary sense is restricted to cases of negative speaker sentiment.Linguistic