MEASURING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: THE SHIFT-SHARE APPROACH

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

A Model of Religious Moral Approach for Peatland Ecosystem Restoration in Indonesia

Efforts to conserve peatlands and prevent forest fires are inseparable from human awareness and behavior. This study aims to find a model for a religious, moral approach by the clerics in supporting the implementation of peatland restoration. The study was carried out in designated Muslim locations with trained clerics. The farmers surveyed also have experienced by the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) programs: i.e., physical support, such as a canal dam program and demonstration plot of agriculture without burning (PLTB). The methods used combine quantitative surveys with a Likert scale to explore attitudes, subjective norms, perception, intention, and their impact on behavior. The results obtained show that the community religious leaders can be an important trigger in encouraging the movement. In the model, visible subjective norm (SN) variables contribute directly to intention by 23%. Perceived behavior control (PBC) directly has a positive and significant effect on intention 53% (p-value). This means the individual, in making a decision and intention to participate, is a factor that has a broad impact on the community and gives a positive value of 53% (good enough) on the intention. The individuals' decisions to participate in peatland conservation are prompted by perception of having a wide impact on the community

An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive–compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration

Abstract Neuroimaging has played an important part in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive?compulsive disorder (OCD). At the same time, neuroimaging studies of OCD have had notable limitations, including reliance on relatively small samples. International collaborative efforts to increase statistical power by combining samples from across sites have been bolstered by the ENIGMA consortium; this provides specific technical expertise for conducting multi-site analyses, as well as access to a collaborative community of neuroimaging scientists. In this article, we outline the background to, development of, and initial findings from ENIGMA's OCD working group, which currently consists of 47 samples from 34 institutes in 15 countries on 5 continents, with a total sample of 2,323 OCD patients and 2,325 healthy controls. Initial work has focused on studies of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, structural connectivity, and brain lateralization in children, adolescents and adults with OCD, also including the study on the commonalities and distinctions across different neurodevelopment disorders. Additional work is ongoing, employing machine learning techniques. Findings to date have contributed to the development of neurobiological models of OCD, have provided an important model of global scientific collaboration, and have had a number of clinical implications. Importantly, our work has shed new light on questions about whether structural and functional alterations found in OCD reflect neurodevelopmental changes, effects of the disease process, or medication impacts. We conclude with a summary of ongoing work by ENIGMA-OCD, and a consideration of future directions for neuroimaging research on OCD within and beyond ENIGMA

Iterative Dichotomiser Three (Id3) Algorithm For Classification Community of Productive and Non-Productive

One way to tackle poverty is to provide information about productive and non-productive communities in each rural. This is very beneficial for the government, especially in each rural regarding the classification of community data. This research aims to classify productive and non-productive people so that the government can prioritize assistance for people deemed necessary to be more creative in fulfilling their family's economy. The research method used is the Iterative Dichitomiser Three (ID3) algorithm to build a decision tree. The process in the decision tree is changing the shape of the data (table) into a tree (tree) and generating rules based on the highest Entropy and Gain values. The study's conclusion shows that this algorithm can be processed in a shorter time, with shorter decision rules and higher prediction accuracy, by displaying the highest gain value. The parameters used to consist of education, age, income, and employment status, which results in the following rule if higher education and high income, then the result is a productive society, whereas if high school education and low income, then the result is a non-productive society

Neuroimaging of structural pathology and connectomics in traumatic brain injury: Toward personalized outcome prediction.

Recent contributions to the body of knowledge on traumatic brain injury (TBI) favor the view that multimodal neuroimaging using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and fMRI, respectively) as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has excellent potential to identify novel biomarkers and predictors of TBI outcome. This is particularly the case when such methods are appropriately combined with volumetric/morphometric analysis of brain structures and with the exploration of TBI-related changes in brain network properties at the level of the connectome. In this context, our present review summarizes recent developments on the roles of these two techniques in the search for novel structural neuroimaging biomarkers that have TBI outcome prognostication value. The themes being explored cover notable trends in this area of research, including (1) the role of advanced MRI processing methods in the analysis of structural pathology, (2) the use of brain connectomics and network analysis to identify outcome biomarkers, and (3) the application of multivariate statistics to predict outcome using neuroimaging metrics. The goal of the review is to draw the community's attention to these recent advances on TBI outcome prediction methods and to encourage the development of new methodologies whereby structural neuroimaging can be used to identify biomarkers of TBI outcome

Paternalism, Civil Commitment and Illness Politics: Assessing the Current Debate and Outlining a Future Direction

The purpose of this article is to examine critically the role that both law and psychiatry have played in casting mentally ill persons as deviants, citizen / outsiders caught in a crossfire of illness politics. This examination will focus on those values protected and privileged by the medical and legal professions as reflected in confinement law and policy primarily during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The social, economic and political power these disciplines exercise in the lives of psychiatric citizens raises significant questions concerning the future of involuntary civil commitment both from a clinical and justice policy perspective. As such, these matters will be addressed as well. No attempt will be made here to detail the historical dimensions of abandonment in the care and treatment of the mentally ill. Similarly, assessing other environmental influences contributing to this phenomenon (e.g., urbanization, immigration, industrialization, transinstitutionalization) is beyond the scope of this article. While these factors are significant components in the development of civil commitment laws, they are decidedly more global in nature than the focus here

Paternalism, Civil Commitment and Illness Politics: Assessing the Current Debate and Outlining a Future Direction

The purpose of this article is to examine critically the role that both law and psychiatry have played in casting mentally ill persons as deviants, citizen / outsiders caught in a crossfire of illness politics. This examination will focus on those values protected and privileged by the medical and legal professions as reflected in confinement law and policy primarily during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The social, economic and political power these disciplines exercise in the lives of psychiatric citizens raises significant questions concerning the future of involuntary civil commitment both from a clinical and justice policy perspective. As such, these matters will be addressed as well. No attempt will be made here to detail the historical dimensions of abandonment in the care and treatment of the mentally ill. Similarly, assessing other environmental influences contributing to this phenomenon (e.g., urbanization, immigration, industrialization, transinstitutionalization) is beyond the scope of this article. While these factors are significant components in the development of civil commitment laws, they are decidedly more global in nature than the focus here

Students' Communicat on Science on Profiles on ESD (Education Sustainable Development)

Humans found four skills in the twenty-first century, one of which is communication abilities.  The purpose of this study is to gather data and analyze student communication profiles related to science communication abilities in the context of ESD (Education Sustainable Development). ESD is a critical component of education that students must understand. It is vital to be able to speak with ESD in order to comprehend ESD (Education Sustainable Development). Students with strong science communication abilities are able to argue and represent data using the ESD idea (Education Sustainable Development). a qualitative technique is used in this research. The participants in this study are students from Muhamadiyah University's FKIP IPA Study Program in Riau. This study will be evaluated using indicators of students' SCIENCE communication skills related to ESD (Education Sustainable Development), such as: 1) the ability to create graphs/tables related to ESD; 2) the ability to describe tables/pictures/diagrams in the form of verbal information related to ESD; 3) the ability to interpret related to ESD; and 4) the ability to draw conclusions related to ESD. The results of the scientific communication skills exam were studied descriptively and classified into three categories: 1) able to answer entirely and with logical explanations; 2) able to answer partially (without a logical explanation); and 3) no answer and no logical explanation. The findings revealed that science communication skills remained in the bad group, with science communication skills in each metric falling below 53%