22,747 research outputs found
Are we growing smart?: new vision for urban development in Asia and the Pacific
The present paper explores the implications of smart growth principles for Asia-Pacific urbanization, and discusses how to use such principles for development in this region over the coming decades. After the United States of America experienced urban pathology due to sprawl, the country implemented growth management policies, and later adopted smart growth policies. While Asian cities experience rapid growth and concentration, the principles of American urban planning can benefit future urban policy and public investment in the region. The paper also argues that smart growth policies can lead to more sustainable and equitable urban development by overcoming the current unplanned sprawl. The concept of smart growth emphasizes a sense of community, the preservation of natural resources and open space, support for existing communities, and predictability in decisions and plans.Smart growth, urban development, Asian cities, urban policy
A European lens upon adult and lifelong learning in Asia
In this article, we seek to assess the extent to which adult and lifelong learning policies and practices in Asia have distinctiveness by comparison to those found in western societies, through an analysis of inter-governmental, national and regional policies in the field. We also inform our study through the analysis of the work of organisations with an international remit with a specific focus on Asia and Europe. In one case, the AsiaâEurope Meeting Lifelong Learning (ASEM LLL) Hub has a specific function of bringing together researchers in Asia and Europe. In another, the PASCAL Observatory has had a particular focus on one aspect of lifelong learning, that of learning cities, with a concentration in its work on Asia and Europe. We focus on learning city development as a particular case of distinction in the field. We seek to identify the extent to which developments in the field in Asia have influenced and have been influenced by practices elsewhere in world, especially in Europe, and undertake our analysis using theories of societal learning/the learning society, learning communities and life-deep learning. We complement our analysis through assessment of material contained in three dominant journals in the field, the International Journal of Lifelong Education, the International Review of Education and Adult Education Quarterly, each edited in the west
A Site Value Tax for Ireland: Approach, Design and Implementation
Irelandâs Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the EU/IMF requires government to introduce a recurring annual property tax. While the MoU has not specified the precise form this new taxation measure will adopt, commitments in the National Recovery Plan 2011-2014 and Fine Gael/Labour Programme for Government have pointed towards the introduction of an annual Site Value Tax (SVT). Budget 2011 suggested that the yield from this tax source would grow from âŹ180m in 2012 to reach âŹ530m in 2014. Similarly the MoU commits government to raising additional taxation revenues of âŹ1.5bn in 2012 and âŹ1.1bn in 2013 with both to be partly funded by a property tax and increases to that tax. To date assessments of the feasibility of a SVT (by the Commission of Taxation and the Department of Finance) have pointed towards a series of practical difficulties associated with its introduction. This paper outlines a proposal to overcome these difficulties and to introduce a credible, fair and reliable annual SVT from January 2013. The paper uses the land registry database of the Property Registration Authority of Ireland (PRAI) to outline the structure and administration of a SVT.Taxation, Property, Fiscal Policy, Ireland
Business models for the operation of Mobility-as-a-Service solutions
Digitalization is reshaping the conventional transportation industry boundaries and it is
important to understand which disruptive opportunities emerge. In this study, it is explained an
alternative service than the current mobility offer, a concept named as Mobility-as-a-Service
(MaaS). It consists on transportation from A to B through a subscription plan in which the user
plans, books, manages and pays in one single platform, that integrates diverse mobility partners.
The empirical purpose of this research is to understand the distinct business models to
implement MaaS based on common characteristics of current MaaS projects, implemented in
different cities. To address the research problem, the following questions are asked: What are
different business models already on the market to operate MaaS? Is it possible to identify
different types? Which factors seems to influence the choice of a certain type?
In order to answer these research questions, I use a multiple case study methodology. First by
analyzing various scientific articles and MaaS projects presentations, specific to each city.
Secondly, by collecting empirical data through semi-structured interviews from Mobility-as-a-
Service Industry experts. My research determines that MaaS implementation is tailored to the
city and a combination of challenges influences its operation. It concludes that the most
influential factor for operating MaaS is the level of government support. This thesis finalizes
providing a checklist for MaaS implementation.A digitalização estå a reformular os limites do setor do transporte convencional e é importante
entender quais as oportunidades disruptivas que surgem com ela. Nesta dissertação, é
introduzida uma alternativa ao atual serviço de mobilidade, conceito denominado como
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). Consiste na mobilidade de A para B, através de um plano de
subscrição no qual o usuĂĄrio planeia, reserva, gere e paga numa Ășnica plataforma, que integra
diversos parceiros de mobilidade.
O objetivo empĂrico desta pesquisa Ă© entender os diferentes modelos de negĂłcios para
implementar MaaS, com base em caracterĂsticas comuns dos projetos atuais, implementados
em diferentes cidades. Para responder às questÔes de investigação, são colocadas as seguintes
perguntas: Quais sĂŁo os diferentes modelos de negĂłcios jĂĄ existentes no mercado para operar
MaaS? Ă possĂvel identificar diferentes tipos? Quais os fatores que parecem influenciar a
escolha e aptidĂŁo de um determinado tipo?
Para responder às questÔes anteriormente mencionadas, utilizei uma metodologia adequada
para estudar mĂșltiplos casos. Primeiro, analisando vĂĄrios artigos cientĂficos e apresentaçÔes de
projetos relativos a MaaS, especĂficos para cada cidade. Em segundo lugar, recolhendo dados
por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, feitas a especialistas do setor de Mobility-as-a-
Service. Através da minha pesquisa, determina-se que não só a implementação de MaaS é
personalizada a cada cidade, mas hå também diversos desafios que influenciam a sua
implementação. Conclui-se que o nĂvel de apoio do governo Ă© o fator mais influente para a
operação e implementação de MaaS numa cidade. Esta tese finaliza ao proporcionar uma
checklist para implementação de MaaS
Green Islandâs Smart Footprint
The purpose of this work is to introduce, examine and provide a contextual overview for Taiwanâs achievements in the IT sector and to outline a current context for future trends in Taiwanâs IT evolution. To achieve this goal, this work analyzes the forces in play involving IoTs, Big Analytics, Open Data, and Smart City initiativesâ and how these forces are merging in Taiwan today within a global arena. More specifically, this work examines both local and global industry partnerships, practices in sound governance, and current accomplishments in Smart City initiatives and how these forces will be a catalyzing force that embraces an emerging digital broadband environment and the market demands it brings.Research shows that Taiwan has effectively established an environment conducive for continual success in Smart City development and forging global collaborations in IT development that buoy cross-border fertilization in innovation and know-how. For these things to happen in Taiwan specific precursors must be firmly established. Taiwanâs building blocks in its IT sector are not exclusive to its OEM/ODM manufacturing and semiconductor know-how, but also extends to its ICT advancements, IT solutions and system service provider capacities, and a regulatory environment that has laid the foundations for the next epoch in its IT evolutionâ its burgeoning Smart City technologies, applications in digital services, and software development.The implications from this examination are far reaching. Taiwan is in a position to leverage its current accomplishments in IT development and open governance to capture and harness future IT trends in the globally-driven IT marketplace. Taiwanâs current regulatory environment and industry success will be a boon to accomplish next steps in its digital evolution and IT knowhow. Ongoing advancement in its âdigital inclusionâ strategies will be part of the mix in leveraging Taiwanâs success in Smart City development and utilization of IoTs, Big Analytics, embedded sensor technologies, and a rapid expansion in APP creation promoting digital services for urban landscapes. In summary, the crux of this work demonstrates how Taiwanâs IT sector is adapting and responding to new IT trends and developing innovative ways to cultivate global markets in IT development through both public and industry support mechanisms and Smart City initiatives
Flood Mitigation Approaches: Selected Cases Across Europe, Oceania and Asia
Flood is natural phenomenon that cannot be completely controlled by man. Flood is a global problem. Even urban areas which have good development planning and drainage systems are susceptible to floods. Flooding in urban area is usually associated with poor drainage system maintenance, failure to plan drainage system, area development is not planned properly, and climate change factors. Typically, engineering measures are meant to reduce severity of flood problems and they are quite costly. Goal of this paper is to assess the various mitigation approaches that have been used to mitigate floods across Europe, Oceania and Asia continents. Selected case studies involving the North Sea flood, as well as floods in the Netherlands, Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia were considered. Approaches that were highlighted include construction of dam, breakwater, canal, and pumping system. It has also been found that flood solution methods by way of source control is not so popular to be fully practiced. Hence, the sustainability of good development is actually a solution to problem of flooding, especially to mitigate flash floods that often occur in an urban areas
The Smart City as Time-Space Cartographer in COVID-19 Control: The South Korean Strategy and Democratic Control of Surveillance Technology
While the US, UK, France, Italy, and many other countries ended up implementing complete lockdown after tens of thousands of deaths from COVID-19, South Korea kept factories and offices running, flattened the curve, and maintained a low mortality rate. Extensive media coverage has focused on South Koreaâs testing capacity as the primary reason, but there has been little discussion of the vital role of the smart city. In this paper, we describe how smart city technologies form a crucial part of disease control in South Korea, explain the social conditions for the extensive use of smart city technology, and offer critical insights into contemporary discussions on the issue of smart cities and surveillance
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