Healthy lifestyle: relationship between mediterranean diet, body composition and physical fitness in 13 to 16-years old icelandic students

Childhood and adolescent obesity are currently among the greatest challenges for public health. Physical activity, physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), representing powerful indicators of healthy lifestyles, are shown as determinant factors in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of the present study has been to analyse the relationship between health-related physical fitness components, body composition, and adherence to MD in 387 Icelandic adolescents of 13–16-years old (54% boys). The ALPHA Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition. The KIDMED questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to MD among participants. Associations between variables were tested according to gender and age using linear regression models and analysis of variance. Participants with high/medium adherence to MD showed significantly higher endurance scores in both the boys and the girls. Gender differences were found. The boys in high/medium MD categories had significantly lower fat percentages and ran a 4 × 10 m sprint faster than the girls. The girls scored higher than the boys in endurance and speed-agility tests. It can be concluded that a high and medium adherence to MD is associated with high and very high endurance in both the girls and the boys

Movement economy in soccer: Current data and limitations

Soccer is an intermittent team-sport, where performance is determined by a myriad of psychological, technical, tactical, and physical factors. Among the physical factors, endurance appears to play a key role into counteracting the fatigue-related reduction in running performance observed during soccer matches. One physiological determinant of endurance is movement economy, which represents the aerobic energy cost to exercise at a given submaximal velocity. While the role of movement economy has been extensively examined in endurance athletes, it has received little attention in soccer players, but may be an important factor, given the prolonged demands of match play. For this reason, the current review discusses the nature, impact, and trainability of movement economy specific to soccer players. A summary of current knowledge and limitations of movement economy in soccer is provided, with an insight into future research directions, to make this important parameter more valuable when assessing and training soccer players’ running performance

Sestrins are evolutionarily conserved mediators of exercise benefits.

Exercise is among the most effective interventions for age-associated mobility decline and metabolic dysregulation. Although long-term endurance exercise promotes insulin sensitivity and expands respiratory capacity, genetic components and pathways mediating the metabolic benefits of exercise have remained elusive. Here, we show that Sestrins, a family of evolutionarily conserved exercise-inducible proteins, are critical mediators of exercise benefits. In both fly and mouse models, genetic ablation of Sestrins prevents organisms from acquiring metabolic benefits of exercise and improving their endurance through training. Conversely, Sestrin upregulation mimics both molecular and physiological effects of exercise, suggesting that it could be a major effector of exercise metabolism. Among the various targets modulated by Sestrin in response to exercise, AKT and PGC1α are critical for the Sestrin effects in extending endurance. These results indicate that Sestrin is a key integrating factor that drives the benefits of chronic exercise to metabolism and physical endurance

Fatigue evaluation in maintenance and assembly operations by digital human simulation

Virtual human techniques have been used a lot in industrial design in order to consider human factors and ergonomics as early as possible. The physical status (the physical capacity of virtual human) has been mostly treated as invariable in the current available human simulation tools, while indeed the physical capacity varies along time in an operation and the change of the physical capacity depends on the history of the work as well. Virtual Human Status is proposed in this paper in order to assess the difficulty of manual handling operations, especially from the physical perspective. The decrease of the physical capacity before and after an operation is used as an index to indicate the work difficulty. The reduction of physical strength is simulated in a theoretical approach on the basis of a fatigue model in which fatigue resistances of different muscle groups were regressed from 24 existing maximum endurance time (MET) models. A framework based on digital human modeling technique is established to realize the comparison of physical status. An assembly case in airplane assembly is simulated and analyzed under the framework. The endurance time and the decrease of the joint moment strengths are simulated. The experimental result in simulated operations under laboratory conditions confirms the feasibility of the theoretical approach

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Ketahanan Kardiorespirasi pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman

Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of the body's circulatory and respiratory system to meet the oxygen needs of the muscles as a source of energy production during sustained physical activity. One of the factors that influenced the level of cardiorespiratory endurance of a person was physical activity. Objective: To determined the relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance. Methods: It was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional study. Data were taken from primary data that were measured directly on 97 students of the Medical Study Program at Mulawarman University who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data collected included physical activity using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and cardiorespiratory endurance using Queen's College Step Test. The statistical analysis used was Spearman's correlation test with a significance value of p <0.05. Results: The statistical test showed that the relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance was p = 0.003 and r = 0.295. Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance, and the relationship's strength was weak.Keywords:  cardiorespiratory endurance, global physical activity questionnaire, physical activity, queen’s college step tes

Perbedaan Status Gizi dan Ketahanan Fisik Berdasarkan Tingkat Kerutinan Bermain Pump pada Remaja di Komunitas A Kota Semarang

Nutritional status is positively correlated to human physical quality. A good nutritional status will affect ones physical endurance. The goal of this research is to find out the difference of nutritional status and physical endurance based on regularity of playing pump toward teenagers in community A in Semarang city.This research can be classified as analytical research, using cross-sectional design. Data are collected using interview and anthropometric measurements. There 34 respondents as sample of this research. Sampling method used in this research is simple random sampling system. Data would be analyzed using independent t-test sampling.The result suggested that most of the respondents do not perform physical activities (playing pump) regularly (58,8%). Respondents with regular physical activity, all of which is as much as 100% in the category of normal nutritional status . Respondents with no regular physical activity was obtained by 95% had normal nutritional status. Respondents with regular physical activity gained 92.9% had physical endurance in the medium category, 7,1% of respondents in the category of less. Respondents who had no regular physical activity , 80 % of respondents have physical endurance medium category and 20% in the category of less physical endurance .There is a difference between those who perform phyiscal activities regularly compared to those who do not perform it regularly (p-value 0,043 < 0,05). There is also a difference in physical endurance between those who perform regular physical activities to those who do not perform it regularly(p-value 0,016 < 0,05). There are differences in nutritional status and physical endurance by level of regularity play pump in the community " A " Semarang.It is recommended for pumpers to regularly play pump in order to keep a good nutritional level and physical endurance

Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial: Design and rationale.

BACKGROUND: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a leading cause of hospitalization in older persons in the United States. Reduced physical function and frailty are major determinants of adverse outcomes in older patients with hospitalized ADHF. However, these are not addressed by current heart failure (HF) management strategies and there has been little study of exercise training in older, frail HF patients with recent ADHF. HYPOTHESIS: Targeting physical frailty with a multi-domain structured physical rehabilitation intervention will improve physical function and reduce adverse outcomes among older patients experiencing a HF hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN: REHAB-HF is a multi-center clinical trial in which 360 patients ≥60 years hospitalized with ADHF will be randomized either to a novel 12-week multi-domain physical rehabilitation intervention or to attention control. The goal of the intervention is to improve balance, mobility, strength and endurance utilizing reproducible, targeted exercises administered by a multi-disciplinary team with specific milestones for progression. The primary study aim is to assess the efficacy of the REHAB-HF intervention on physical function measured by total Short Physical Performance Battery score. The secondary outcome is 6-month all-cause rehospitalization. Additional outcome measures include quality of life and costs. CONCLUSIONS: REHAB-HF is the first randomized trial of a physical function intervention in older patients with hospitalized ADHF designed to determine if addressing deficits in balance, mobility, strength and endurance improves physical function and reduces rehospitalizations. It will address key evidence gaps concerning the role of physical rehabilitation in the care of older patients, those with ADHF, frailty, and multiple comorbidities

Effectiveness of a six-week high-intensity interval training programme on cardiometabolic markers in sedentary males

High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been proposed as an effective, time efficient strategy to elicit similar cardiometabolic health benefits as traditional moderate-intensity endurance training. This is an important consideration as "lack of time" is a common cited barrier to regular physical activity

Avoiding the Pheidippides effect : how theories contribute to endurance trail practice

Ultra endurance sport has shown a significant increase during the last couple of decades. This paper focuses on theories which explain the phenomenal efforts ultra endurance athletes face when running extreme distances. These ultra athletes have to endure physical pain and mental distress for long hours or even days before crossing the finishing line. This extreme running on technical terrain requires considerable physiological effort (Millet, Hoffman, & Morin, 2012). Freund et al. (2012), states that as a consequence of running such distances, runners will experience muscle soreness, cramps, ruptured muscle fibres that lead to myalgia and myofascial pain, compartment syndrome, inflammation of tendons and joint capsules, and fatigue fractures. And yet, none of them succumb to their injuries or exhaustion under normal conditions, as in the case of Pheidippides. Various theories argue that the body is a high functioning machine which depends on physical measures to determine its efficiency while others put the brain as central to endurance practice and argue that the brain is the ultimate regulator which is there to protect the body. The athlete can never be harmed as the brain is taking measures so that body systems are never in distress. The beating heart is protected and catastrophe cannot occur. This paper illustrates various diverse theories which posit different arguments regarding extreme running and how it is actually achievable, without the athlete perishing due to the effort.peer-reviewe