Exploring opportunities in TinyML

Internet of Things (IoT) has acquired useful and powerful advances thanks to the Machine Learning (ML) implementations. But the implementation of Machine Learning in IoT devices with data centers has some serious problems (data privacy, network bottleneck, etc). Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) arose in order to have an independent edge device executing the ML program without the necessity of any data center. But there is still the need for high performance computers to train the ML model. But, can this situation improve? This project goes through TinyML and two TinyML techniques capable to train the ML model on-device (what we call TinyML On-Device Learning or TinyODL): TinyML with Online-Learning (TinyOL) and Federated Learning (FL). We study both techniques in a theoretical analysis and try to develop one TinyODL app.Internet of Things (IoT) ha obtingut uns forts avantatges molt usables gràcies a les implementacions del Machine Learning (ML). Però la implementació del Machine Learning en dispositius IoT utilitzant centres de dades porta una sèrie de problemes a tenir en compte (privacitat de les dades, el coll d'ampolla de la xarxa, etc.). Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) va sorgir amb l'objectiu de tenir dispositious IoT independents executant el programa d'ML sense la necessitat d'un centre de dades. Però encara hi ha la necessitat de fer servir ordinadors d'alta potència per poder entrenar el model d'ML. Així i tot, es pot millorar aquesta situació? Aquest projecte estudia el TinyML i dues de les seves tècniques, del que anomenem TinyML On-Device Learning o TinyODL, capaces d'entrenar el model d'ML en el mateix dispositiu (on-device learning): TinyML with Online Learning (TinyOL) i Federated Learning (FL). S'estudien les dues tècniques des d'una anàlisi teòrica i provem de desenvolupar una aplicació TinyODL.Internet of Things (IoT) ha obtenido unas muy buenas y usables mejoras gracias a las implementaciones del Machine Learning (ML). Pero la implementación de Machine Learning en dispositivos IoT utilizando centros de datos conlleva una serie de problemas a tener en cuenta (privacidad de los datos, el cuello de botella de la red, etc.). Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) surgió con el objetivo de tener dispotivios IoT independientes ejecutando el programa de ML sin la necesidad de un centro de datos. Pero aún existe la necesidad de usar ordenadores de alta potencia para poder entrenar el modelo de ML. Aún así, se puede mejorar esta situación? Este proyecto estudia el TinyML y dos de sus técnicas, de lo que llamamos TinyML On-Device Learning o TinyODL, capaces de entrenar el model de ML en el mismo dispotivio (on-device learning): TinyML with Online Learning (TinyOL) y Federated Learning (FL). Se estudian las dos técnicas desde un anáisis teórico y probamos de desarrollar una aplicación TinyODL

8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance

Sabater Muñoz, B.; Urbaneja García, A.; Navarro Llopis, V. (2010). 8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11200Archivo delegad

Accessibility of Health Data Representations for Older Adults: Challenges and Opportunities for Design

Health data of consumer off-the-shelf wearable devices is often conveyed to users through visual data representations and analyses. However, this is not always accessible to people with disabilities or older people due to low vision, cognitive impairments or literacy issues. Due to trade-offs between aesthetics predominance or information overload, real-time user feedback may not be conveyed easily from sensor devices through visual cues like graphs and texts. These difficulties may hinder critical data understanding. Additional auditory and tactile feedback can also provide immediate and accessible cues from these wearable devices, but it is necessary to understand existing data representation limitations initially. To avoid higher cognitive and visual overload, auditory and haptic cues can be designed to complement, replace or reinforce visual cues. In this paper, we outline the challenges in existing data representation and the necessary evidence to enhance the accessibility of health information from personal sensing devices used to monitor health parameters such as blood pressure, sleep, activity, heart rate and more. By creating innovative and inclusive user feedback, users will likely want to engage and interact with new devices and their own data

The Light of Knowledge

Cowinner of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology’s Edward Sapir Book Prize Since the early 1990s hundreds of thousands of Tamil villagers in southern India have participated in literacy lessons and other events designed to transform them into active citizens with access to state power. These efforts are part of a movement known as the Arivoli Iyakkam (the Enlightenment Movement), one of the most successful mass literacy movements in recent history. This rich ethnographic account of highlights the paradoxes inherent in such movements that seek to emancipate people through literacy. “A work of linguistic anthropology that makes crucial contributions to the study of literacy and language ideologies. It is also a broadly ranging work of social theory that will be of interest to students and scholars of the postcolonial state and neoliberal governmentality in South Asia and beyond, and of activism and social movements more generally.”—Anthropological Quarterl

Geographic Citizen Science Design: No one left behind

Little did Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and other ‘gentlemen scientists’ know, when they were making their scientific discoveries, that some centuries later they would inspire a new field of scientific practice and innovation, called citizen science. The current growth and availability of citizen science projects and relevant applications to support citizen involvement is massive; every citizen has an opportunity to become a scientist and contribute to a scientific discipline, without having any professional qualifications. With geographic interfaces being the common approach to support collection, analysis and dissemination of data contributed by participants, ‘geographic citizen science’ is being approached from different angles. Geographic Citizen Science Design takes an anthropological and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) stance to provide the theoretical and methodological foundations to support the design, development and evaluation of citizen science projects and their user-friendly applications. Through a careful selection of case studies in the urban and non-urban contexts of the Global North and South, the chapters provide insights into the design and interaction barriers, as well as on the lessons learned from the engagement of a diverse set of participants; for example, literate and non-literate people with a range of technical skills, and with different cultural backgrounds. Looking at the field through the lenses of specific case studies, the book captures the current state of the art in research and development of geographic citizen science and provides critical insight to inform technological innovation and future research in this area

Enhancement of Power System Dynamic Performance by Coordinated Design of PSS and FACTS Damping Controllers

Due to environmental and economical constraints, it is difficult to build new power lines and to reinforce the existing ones. The continued growth in demand for electric power must therefore to a great extent be met by increased loading of available lines. A consequence of this is reduction of power system damping, leading to a risk of poorly damped power oscillations between generators. To suppress these oscillations and maintain power system dynamic performance, one of the conventional, economical and effective solutions is to install a power system stabilizer (PSS). However, in some cases PSS may not provide sufficient damping for the inter-area oscillations in a multi-machine power system. In this context, other possible solutions are needed to be exposed. With the evolution of power electronics, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers turn out to be possible solution to alleviate such critical situations by controlling the power flow over the AC transmission line and improving power oscillations damping. However, coordination of conventional PSS with FACTS controllers in aiding of power system oscillations damping is still an open problem. Therefore, it is essential to study the coordinated design of PSS with FACTS controllers in a multi-machine power system. This thesis gives an overview of the modelling and operation of power system with conventional PSS. It gives the introduction to emerging FACTS controllers with emphasis on the TCSC, SVC and STATCOM controllers. The basic modelling and operating principles of the controllers are explained in this thesis, along with the power oscillations damping (POD) stabilizers. The coordination design of PSS and FACTS damping controllers over a wide range of operating conditions is formulated as an optimization problem. The objective function of this optimization problem is framed using system eigen values and it is solved using AAPSO and IWO algorithms. The optimal control parameters of coordinated controllers are obtained at the end of these optimization algorithms. A comprehensive approach to the hybrid coordinated design of PSS with series and shunt FACTS damping controllers is proposed to enhance the overall system dynamic performance. The robustness and effectiveness of proposed hybrid coordinated designs are demonstrated through the eigen value analysis and time-domain simulations. The proposed hybrid designs provide robust dynamic performance under wide range in load condition and providing significant improvement in damping power system oscillations under severe disturbance. The developed hybrid coordinated designs are tested in different multimachine power systems using AAPSO and IWO algorithms. The IWO based hybrid designs and AAPSO based hybrid designs are more effective than other control designs. In addition to this, the proposed designs are implemented and validated in real-time using Opal-RT hardware simulator. The real-time simulations of different test power systems with different proposed designs are carried out for a severe fault disturbance. Finally, the proposed controller simulation results are validated with real-time results

Geographic Citizen Science Design

Little did Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and other ‘gentlemen scientists’ know, when they were making their scientific discoveries, that some centuries later they would inspire a new field of scientific practice and innovation, called citizen science. The current growth and availability of citizen science projects and relevant applications to support citizen involvement is massive; every citizen has an opportunity to become a scientist and contribute to a scientific discipline, without having any professional qualifications. With geographic interfaces being the common approach to support collection, analysis and dissemination of data contributed by participants, ‘geographic citizen science’ is being approached from different angles. Geographic Citizen Science Design takes an anthropological and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) stance to provide the theoretical and methodological foundations to support the design, development and evaluation of citizen science projects and their user-friendly applications. Through a careful selection of case studies in the urban and non-urban contexts of the Global North and South, the chapters provide insights into the design and interaction barriers, as well as on the lessons learned from the engagement of a diverse set of participants; for example, literate and non-literate people with a range of technical skills, and with different cultural backgrounds. Looking at the field through the lenses of specific case studies, the book captures the current state of the art in research and development of geographic citizen science and provides critical insight to inform technological innovation and future research in this area

Smartphone User Privacy Preserving through Crowdsourcing

In current Android architecture, users have to decide whether an app is safe to use or not. Expert users can make savvy decisions to avoid unnecessary private data breach. However, the majority of regular users are not technically capable or do not care to consider privacy implications to make safe decisions. To assist the technically incapable crowd, we propose a permission control framework based on crowdsourcing. At its core, our framework runs new apps under probation mode without granting their permission requests up-front. It provides recommendations on whether to accept or not the permission requests based on decisions from peer expert users. To seek expert users, we propose an expertise rating algorithm using a transitional Bayesian inference model. The recommendation is based on aggregated expert responses and their confidence level. As a complete framework design of the system, this thesis also includes a solution for Android app risks estimation based on behaviour analysis. To eliminate the negative impact from dishonest app owners, we also proposed a bot user detection to make it harder to utilize false recommendations through bot users to impact the overall recommendations. This work also covers a multi-view permission notification design to customize the app safety notification interface based on users\u27 need and an app recommendation method to suggest safe and usable alternative apps to users