30 research outputs found
Performance Evaluation of Low Complexity Massive MIMO Techniques for SC-FDE Schemes
Massive-MIMO technology has emerged as a means to achieve 5G's ambitious goals;
mainly to obtain higher capacities and excellent performances without requiring the use of more
spectrum. In this thesis, focused on the uplink direction, we make a study of performance of low
complexity equalization techniques as well as we also approach the impact of the non-linear elements
located on the receivers of a system of this type. For that purpose, we consider a multi-user
uplink scenario through the Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE)
scheme. This seems to be the most appropriate due to the low energy consumption that it implies,
as well as being less favorable to the detrimental effects of high envelope fluctuations, that is, by
have a low Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) comparing to other similar modulations, such
as the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Due to the greater number of antennas
and consequent implementation complexity, the equalization processes for Massive-
MIMO schemes are aspects that should be simplified, that is, they should avoid the inversion of
matrices, contrary to common 4G, with the Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error
(MMSE) techniques. To this end, we use low-complexity techniques, such as the Equal Gain
Combining (EGC) and the Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC). Since these algorithms are not
sufficiently capable of removing the entire Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-User Interference
(IUI), we combine them with iterative techniques, namely with the Iterative Block with
Decision Feedback Equalizer (IB-DFE) to completely remove the residual ISI and IUI. We also
take into account the hardware used in the receivers, since the effects of non-linear distortion can
impact negatively the performance of the system. It is expected a strong performance degradation
associated to the high quantization noise levels when implementing low-resolution Analog to
Digital Converters (ADCs). However, despite these elements with these configurations become
harmful to the performance of the majority of the systems, they are considered a desirable solution
for Massive-MIMO scenarios, because they make their implementation cheaper and more energy
efficient. In this way, we made a study of the impact in the performance by the low-resolution
ADCs. In this thesis we suggest that it is possible to bypass these negative effects by implementing
a number of receiving antennas far superior to the number of transmitting antennas
Reduced complexity detection in MIMO systems with SC-FDE modulations and iterative DFE receivers
This paper considers a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system with P transmitting
and R receiving antennas and different overall noise characteristics on the different receiver antennas
(e.g., due to nonlinear effects at the receiver side). Each communication link employs a Single-Carrier
with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) modulation scheme, and the receiver is based on
robust iterative frequency-domain multi-user detectors based on the Iterative Block Decision Feedback
Equalization (IB-DFE) concept. We present low complexity efficient receivers that can employ low
resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and require the inversion of matrices with reduced
dimension when the number of receive antennas is larger than the number of independent data
streams. The advantages of the proposed techniques are particularly high for highly unbalanced
MIMO systems, such as in the uplink of Base Station (BS) cooperation systems that aim for
Single-Frequency Network (SFN) operation or massive MIMO systems with much more antennas at
the receiver side.publishe
High Performance Single Carrier Schemes for Massive MIMO Systems
As the demands for faster and cheaper telecommunication systems continue to grow,
so to do the demands for more efficient and secure systems. There have been several
solutions proposed, with the most commonly accepted ones employing Massive Multiple
Input, Multiple Output (mMIMO), featuring large arrays of antennas. The downside of
these systems lies mainly in the need for computationally heavy channel equalization
algorithms and the high hardware requirements, namely due to the need of many Power
Amplifiers (PAs), Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters
(DACs). This work analyses receivers that can handle these downsides, beginning with the
low complexity equalization receivers Maximal-Ratio Detector (MRD) and Equal-Gain
Detector (EGD), that can lower the equalization’s computation time. Then a Singular
Value Decomposition (SVD) receiver is studied, with a proposed interleaving scheme to
allow for equal performance on all streams, combined with a scheme for estimating and
cancelling the non-linear distortion to reduce the impact of cheaper and more powerefficient
PAs. These receivers are then improved with the introduction of an error correcting
convolutional code. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the SVD receiver can be appealing
as a solution for Physical Layer Security (PLS) in mMIMO systems
Review of Recent Trends
This work was partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Regional Operational Programme of Centre (CENTRO 2020) of the Portugal 2020 framework, through projects SOCA (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000010) and ORCIP (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022141). Fernando P. Guiomar acknowledges a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID100010434), code LCF/BQ/PR20/11770015. Houda Harkat acknowledges the financial support of the Programmatic Financing of the CTS R&D Unit (UIDP/00066/2020).MIMO-OFDM is a key technology and a strong candidate for 5G telecommunication systems. In the literature, there is no convenient survey study that rounds up all the necessary points to be investigated concerning such systems. The current deeper review paper inspects and interprets the state of the art and addresses several research axes related to MIMO-OFDM systems. Two topics have received special attention: MIMO waveforms and MIMO-OFDM channel estimation. The existing MIMO hardware and software innovations, in addition to the MIMO-OFDM equalization techniques, are discussed concisely. In the literature, only a few authors have discussed the MIMO channel estimation and modeling problems for a variety of MIMO systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been until now no review paper specifically discussing the recent works concerning channel estimation and the equalization process for MIMO-OFDM systems. Hence, the current work focuses on analyzing the recently used algorithms in the field, which could be a rich reference for researchers. Moreover, some research perspectives are identified.publishersversionpublishe
Precoded generalized spatial modulation for downlink MIMO transmissions in beyond 5G networks
The design of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes capable of achieving both
high spectral and energy efficiency constitutes a challenge for next-generation wireless networks.
MIMO schemes based on generalized spatial modulations (GSM) have been widely considered as a powerful technique to achieve that purpose. In this paper, a multi-user (MU) GSM MIMO system is proposed, which relies on the transmission of precoded symbols from a base station to multiple receivers. The precoder’s design is focused on the removal of the interference between users and allows the application of single-user GSM detection at the receivers, which is accomplished using a low-complexity iterative algorithm. Link level and system level simulations of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) comprising several radio remote units (RRUs) were run in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. Simulation results show that the proposed GSM MU-MIMO approach can exploit efficiently a large number of antennas deployed at the transmitter.
Moreover, it can also provide large gains when compared to conventional MU-MIMO schemes with identical spectral efficiencies. In fact, regarding the simulated C-RAN scenario with perfect channel estimation, system level results showed potential gains of up to 155% and 139% in throughput and coverage, respectively, compared to traditional cellular networks. The introduction of imperfect channel estimation reduces the throughput gain to 125%.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications
The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to an ever-increasing network load. Over the past decade, optical fiber communication technology has increased per fiber data rate from 10 Tb/s to exceeding 10 Pb/s. The major explosion came after the maturity of coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing (DSP). DSP has played a critical role in accommodating channel impairments mitigation, enabling advanced modulation formats for spectral efficiency transmission and realizing flexible bandwidth. This book aims to explore novel, advanced DSP techniques to enable multi-Tb/s/channel optical transmission to address pressing bandwidth and power-efficiency demands. It provides state-of-the-art advances and future perspectives of DSP as well