Interference aware resource allocation model for D2D under cellular network

Device-to-Device communication (D2D) has emerged as an efficient communication model in future generation cellular network for offloading cellular traffic and enhance overall network performance. D2D communication aid in attaining better spectrum utilization, lower delay, and less energy consumption, which can well adapt to meet demand of higher transmission rate, larger network capacity. Further, enhances spectral efficiency by reutilizing resource. However, it may result in severe cross-tier interference and co-tier interference. Therefore, efficient interference modelling design are required to address performance degradation caused by the interferences. The existing model has focused on addressing interference considering D2D association operating on same cell with the cellular association. As a result, it incurs interference to the cellular user located in the same cell. However, practically D2D association in overlapping area will reutilize spectrum of multiple neighboring cells. As a result, it incurs interference in multiple cells. For overcoming research challenges, this work presented Interference Aware Resource Allocation (IARA) model for D2D under cellular network as a game theory model. This work consider a resource allocation game where base station as a contender for catering D2D resource needs under different assumptions. Experiment are conducted to evaluate performance of IARA. The outcome shows IARA attained significant performance improvement over state-of-art models in terms of sum rate (utility), successful packet transmission, revenue, and delay

Review on Radio Resource Allocation Optimization in LTE/LTE-Advanced using Game Theory

Recently, there has been a growing trend toward ap-plying game theory (GT) to various engineering fields in order to solve optimization problems with different competing entities/con-tributors/players. Researches in the fourth generation (4G) wireless network field also exploited this advanced theory to overcome long term evolution (LTE) challenges such as resource allocation, which is one of the most important research topics. In fact, an efficient de-sign of resource allocation schemes is the key to higher performance. However, the standard does not specify the optimization approach to execute the radio resource management and therefore it was left open for studies. This paper presents a survey of the existing game theory based solution for 4G-LTE radio resource allocation problem and its optimization

Recent Advances in Cellular D2D Communications

Device-to-device (D2D) communications have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in recent years. It is a promising technique for offloading local traffic from cellular base stations by allowing local devices, in physical proximity, to communicate directly with each other. Furthermore, through relaying, D2D is also a promising approach to enhancing service coverage at cell edges or in black spots. However, there are many challenges to realizing the full benefits of D2D. For one, minimizing the interference between legacy cellular and D2D users operating in underlay mode is still an active research issue. With the 5th generation (5G) communication systems expected to be the main data carrier for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm, the potential role of D2D and its scalability to support massive IoT devices and their machine-centric (as opposed to human-centric) communications need to be investigated. New challenges have also arisen from new enabling technologies for D2D communications, such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and blockchain technologies, which call for new solutions to be proposed. This edited book presents a collection of ten chapters, including one review and nine original research works on addressing many of the aforementioned challenges and beyond

Game Theory for Multi-Access Edge Computing:Survey, Use Cases, and Future Trends

Game theory (GT) has been used with significant success to formulate, and either design or optimize, the operation of many representative communications and networking scenarios. The games in these scenarios involve, as usual, diverse players with conflicting goals. This paper primarily surveys the literature that has applied theoretical games to wireless networks, emphasizing use cases of upcoming multiaccess edge computing (MEC). MEC is relatively new and offers cloud services at the network periphery, aiming to reduce service latency backhaul load, and enhance relevant operational aspects such as quality of experience or security. Our presentation of GT is focused on the major challenges imposed by MEC services over the wireless resources. The survey is divided into classical and evolutionary games. Then, our discussion proceeds to more specific aspects which have a considerable impact on the game's usefulness, namely, rational versus evolving strategies, cooperation among players, available game information, the way the game is played (single turn, repeated), the game's model evaluation, and how the model results can be applied for both optimizing resource-constrained resources and balancing diverse tradeoffs in real edge networking scenarios. Finally, we reflect on lessons learned, highlighting future trends and research directions for applying theoretical model games in upcoming MEC services, considering both network design issues and usage scenarios

Survey on the state-of-the-art in device-to-device communication: A resource allocation perspective

Device to Device (D2D) communication takes advantage of the proximity between the communicating devices in order to achieve efficient resource utilization, improved throughput and energy efficiency, simultaneous serviceability and reduced latency. One of the main characteristics of D2D communication is reuse of the frequency resource in order to improve spectral efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, frequency reuse introduces significantly high interference levels thus necessitating efficient resource allocation algorithms that can enable simultaneous communication sessions through effective channel and/or power allocation. This survey paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the state-of-the-art resource allocation algorithms in D2D communication underlaying cellular networks. The surveyed algorithms are evaluated based on heterogeneous parameters which constitute the elementary features of a resource allocation algorithm in D2D paradigm. Additionally, in order to familiarize the readers with the basic design of the surveyed resource allocation algorithms, brief description of the mode of operation of each algorithm is presented. The surveyed algorithms are divided into four categories based on their technical doctrine i.e., conventional optimization based, Non-Orthogonal-MultipleAccess (NOMA) based, game theory based and machine learning based techniques. Towards the end, several open challenges are remarked as the future research directions in resource allocation for D2D communication

Radio resource management techniques for QoS provision in 5G networks

Premi extraordinari doctorat UPC curs 2017-2018. Àmbit d’Enginyeria de les TICAs numerous mobile applications and over-the-top (OTT) services emerge and mobile Internet connectivity becomes ubiquitous, the provision of high quality of service (QoS) is more challenging for mobile network operators (MNOs). Research efforts focus on the development of innovative resource management techniques and have introduced the long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) communication standard. Novel business models make the growth of network capacity sustainable by enabling MNOs to combine their resources. The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks will involve technologies and business stakeholders with different capabilities and demands that may affect the QoS provision, requiring efficient radio resource sharing. The need for higher network capacity has introduced novel technologies that improve resource allocation efficiency. Direct connectivity among user equipment terminals (UEs) circumventing the LTE-A infrastructure alleviates the network overload. Part of mobile traffic is offloaded to outband device-to-device (D2D) connections (in unlicensed spectrum) enabling data exchange between UEs directly or via UEs-relays. Still, MNOs need additional spectrum resources and infrastructure. The inter-operator network sharing concept has emerged motivating the adoption of virtualization that enables network slicing, i.e., dynamic separation of resources in virtual slices (VSs). VSs are managed in isolation by different tenants using software defined networking and encompass core and radio access network resources allocated periodically to UEs. When UEs access OTT applications, flows with different QoS demands and priorities determined by OTT service providers (OSPs) are generated. OSPs’ policies should be considered in VS allocation. The coexisting technologies, business models and stakeholders require sophisticated radio resource management (RRM) techniques. To that end, RRM is performed in a complex ecosystem. When D2D communication involves data concurrently downloaded by the mobile network, QoS may be affected by LTE-A network parameters (resource scheduling policy, downlink channel conditions). It is also affected by the relay selection, as UEs may not be willing to help unknown UE pairs and UEs’ social ties in mobile applications may influence willingness for D2D cooperation. Thus, effective medium access control (MAC) mechanisms should coordinate D2D transmissions employing advanced techniques, e.g., network coding (NC). When UEs access OTT applications, OSPs’ policies are not considered by MNOs in RRM and OSPs cannot apply flow prioritization. Network neutrality issues also arise when OSPs claim resources from MNOs aiming to minimize grade of service (GoS). OSPs’ intervention may delay flows’ accommodation due to the time required for OSP-MNO interaction and the time the flows spent waiting for resources. This thesis proposes novel solutions to the RRM issues of outband D2D communication and VS allocation for OSPs in 5G networks. We present a cooperative D2D MAC protocol that leverages the opportunities for NC in D2D communication under the influence of LTE-A network parameters and its throughput performance analysis. The protocol improves D2D throughput and energy efficiency, especially for UEs with better downlink channel conditions. We next introduce social awareness in D2D MAC design and present a social-aware cooperative D2D MAC protocol that employs UEs’ social ties to promote the use of friendly relays reducing the total energy consumption. Motivated by the lack of approaches for OSP-oriented RRM, we present a novel flow prioritization algorithm based on matching theory that applies OSPs’ policies respecting the network neutrality and the analysis of its GoS and delay performance. The algorithm maintains low overhead and delay without affecting fairness among OSPs. Our techniques highlight the QoS improvement induced by the joint consideration of different technologies and business stakeholders in RRM design.A medida que varias aplicaciones móviles y servicios over-the-top (OTT) surgen y el Internet móvil se vuelve ubicua, la prestación de alta calidad de servicio (QoS) es desafiante para los operadores de red móvil (MNOs). Los estudios de investigación se enfocan en técnicas innovadoras para la gestión de recursos de red y han resultado en la especificación del estándar de comunicación long term evolution advanced (LTE-A). Modelos comerciales nuevos hacen que el crecimiento de la capacidad de red sea sostenible al permitir que MNOs combinen sus recursos. La quinta generación (5G) de redes móviles implicará tecnologías y partes comerciales interesadas con varias habilidades y demandas que pueden afectar la provisión de QoS y demandan la gestión eficaz de recursos de radio. La necesidad de capacidad de red más alta ha introducido tecnologías que hacen más eficiente la asignación de recursos. La conectividad directa entre terminales de equipos de usuarios (UEs) eludiendo la infraestructura LTE-A alivia la sobrecarga de red. Parte del tráfico es dirigido a conexiones de dispositivo a dispositivo (D2D) outband permitiendo la comunicación de UEs directamente o con relés. Los MNOs necesitan nuevos recursos de espectro e infraestructura. El intercambio de recursos entre MNOs ha surgido motivando la adopción de virtualización que realiza la segmentación de red i.e., la separación dinámica de recursos en trozos virtuales (VSs). Los VSs son administrados de forma aislada por inquilinos diferentes con software defined networking y abarcan recursos de red core y radio access asignadas periódicamente a UEs. Cuando UEs usan aplicaciones OTT, flujos de aplicación con demandas y prioridades definidas por proveedores de servicios OTT (OSPs) se generan. Las políticas de OSPs deben ser integradas en la asignación de VSs. La coexistencia de varias tecnologías y partes comerciales demanda técnicas sofisticadas de gestión de recursos radio (RRM). Con ese fin, la RRM se realiza en un ecosistema complejo. Si la comunicación D2D involucra datos descargados simultáneamente por la red móvil, los parámetros de red LTE-A (política de scheduling de recursos, condiciones de canal downlink) afectan el QoS. La selección de relés afecta el rendimiento porque los UEs no desean siempre ayudar a UEs desconocidos. Las relaciones sociales de los UEs en aplicaciones móviles pueden determinar la voluntad para la comunicación cooperativa D2D. Por lo tanto, mecanismos de control de acceso al medio (MAC) deben coordinar las transmisiones D2D con técnicas avanzadas ej., codificación de red. Si los UEs usan servicios OTT, las políticas de OSPs no son consideradas en RRM y los OSPs no emplean flujos prioritarios. Problemas de neutralidad de red surgen cuando los OSPs reclaman recursos de MNOs para minimizar el grado de servicio (GoS). La intervención de OSPs puede causar retraso en el servicio de flujos debido a la interacción OSP-MNO y el tiempo requerido para que los flujos reciban recursos. Esta tesis presenta soluciones nuevas para los problemas RRM de comunicación D2D outband y asignación de VSs a OSPs en redes 5G. Proponemos un protocolo D2D MAC cooperativo que explota las oportunidades de NC bajo la influencia de parámetros de red LTE-A y su análisis de rendimiento. El protocolo mejora el rendimiento y la eficiencia energética especialmente para UEs con mejores condiciones de canal downlink. Introducimos la conciencia social en el D2D MAC y proponemos un protocolo que utiliza relaciones sociales de UEs para elegir relés-amigos y reduce el consumo de energía. Dada la falta de técnicas que aborden el problema RRM de OSPs presentamos un algoritmo que aplique políticas de OSPs y respete la neutralidad usando la teoría de matching, y su análisis de GoS y retraso. El algoritmo induce bajo coste y retraso sin afectar la imparcialidad entre OSPs. Estas técnicas demuestran la mejora de QoS gracias a la consideración de tecnologas y partes comerciales diferentes en RRM.Award-winningPostprint (published version

A comprehensive survey on radio resource management in 5G HetNets: current solutions, future trends and open issues

The 5G network technologies are intended to accommodate innovative services with a large influx of data traffic with lower energy consumption and increased quality of service and user quality of experience levels. In order to meet 5G expectations, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have been introduced. They involve deployment of additional low power nodes within the coverage area of conventional high power nodes and their placement closer to user underlay HetNets. Due to the increased density of small-cell networks and radio access technologies, radio resource management (RRM) for potential 5G HetNets has emerged as a critical avenue. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing spectrum utilization, load balancing, and network energy efficiency. In this paper, we summarize the key challenges i.e., cross-tier interference, co-tier interference, and user association-resource-power allocation (UA-RA-PA) emerging in 5G HetNets and highlight their significance. In addition, we present a comprehensive survey of RRM schemes based on interference management (IM), UA-RA-PA and combined approaches (UA-RA-PA + IM). We introduce a taxonomy for individual (IM, UA-RA-PA) and combined approaches as a framework for systematically studying the existing schemes. These schemes are also qualitatively analyzed and compared to each other. Finally, challenges and opportunities for RRM in 5G are outlined, and design guidelines along with possible solutions for advanced mechanisms are presented

Clustering algorithm for D2D communication in next generation cellular networks : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Next generation cellular networks will support many complex services for smartphones, vehicles, and other devices. To accommodate such services, cellular networks need to go beyond the capabilities of their previous generations. Device-to-Device communication (D2D) is a key technology that can help fulfil some of the requirements of future networks. The telecommunication industry expects a significant increase in the density of mobile devices which puts more pressure on centralized schemes and poses risk in terms of outages, poor spectral efficiencies, and low data rates. Recent studies have shown that a large part of the cellular traffic pertains to sharing popular contents. This highlights the need for decentralized and distributive approaches to managing multimedia traffic. Content-sharing via D2D clustered networks has emerged as a popular approach for alleviating the burden on the cellular network. Different studies have established that D2D communication in clusters can improve spectral and energy efficiency, achieve low latency while increasing the capacity of the network. To achieve effective content-sharing among users, appropriate clustering strategies are required. Therefore, the aim is to design and compare clustering approaches for D2D communication targeting content-sharing applications. Currently, most of researched and implemented clustering schemes are centralized or predominantly dependent on Evolved Node B (eNB). This thesis proposes a distributed architecture that supports clustering approaches to incorporate multimedia traffic. A content-sharing network is presented where some D2D User Equipment (DUE) function as content distributors for nearby devices. Two promising techniques are utilized, namely, Content-Centric Networking and Network Virtualization, to propose a distributed architecture, that supports efficient content delivery. We propose to use clustering at the user level for content-distribution. A weighted multi-factor clustering algorithm is proposed for grouping the DUEs sharing a common interest. Various performance parameters such as energy consumption, area spectral efficiency, and throughput have been considered for evaluating the proposed algorithm. The effect of number of clusters on the performance parameters is also discussed. The proposed algorithm has been further modified to allow for a trade-off between fairness and other performance parameters. A comprehensive simulation study is presented that demonstrates that the proposed clustering algorithm is more flexible and outperforms several well-known and state-of-the-art algorithms. The clustering process is subsequently evaluated from an individual user’s perspective for further performance improvement. We believe that some users, sharing common interests, are better off with the eNB rather than being in the clusters. We utilize machine learning algorithms namely, Deep Neural Network, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, to identify the users that are better served by the eNB and form clusters for the rest of the users. This proposed user segregation scheme can be used in conjunction with most clustering algorithms including the proposed multi-factor scheme. A comprehensive simulation study demonstrates that with such novel user segregation, the performance of individual users, as well as the whole network, can be significantly improved for throughput, energy consumption, and fairness

Delay and energy efficiency optimizations in smart grid neighbourhood area networks

Smart grids play a significant role in addressing climate change and growing energy demand. The role of smart grids includes reducing greenhouse gas emission reduction by providing alternative energy resources to the traditional grid. Smart grids exploit renewable energy resources into the power grid and provide effective two-way communications between smart grid domains for efficient grid control. The smart grid communication plays a pivotal role in coordinating energy generation, energy transmission, and energy distribution. Cellular technology with long term evolution (LTE)-based standards has been a preference for smart grid communication networks. However, integrating the cellular technology and the smart grid communication network puts forth a significant challenge for the LTE because LTE was initially invented for human centric broadband purpose. Delay and energy efficiency are two critical parameters in smart grid communication networks. Some data in smart grids are real-time delay-sensitive data which is crucial in ensuring stability of the grid. On the other hand, when abnormal events occur, most communication devices in smart grids are powered by local energy sources with limited power supply, therefore energy-efficient communications are required. This thesis studies energy-efficient and delay-optimization schemes in smart grid communication networks to make the grid more efficient and reliable. A joint power control and mode selection in device-to-device communications underlying cellular networks is proposed for energy management in the Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Managements system. Moreover, a joint resource allocation and power control in heterogeneous cellular networks is proposed for phasor measurement units to achieve efficient grid control. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes