Enhanced earthing performance by improved design and grounding material properties

An enhance ground electrode (E.G.E.) is a portable grounding system that acts as an additional grounding system, designed for zero potential reference points. The E.G.E could eliminate the increasing of resistance in grounding conductor as it placed next to the electrical equipment, hence the grounding conductor is shortened. A prototype of E.G.E was developed in size measuring 19.5 em x 19.5 em x 11.5 em and filled with selected grounding material, attached with a grounding electrode. Meanwhile, the grounding electrode was reviewed in terms of thermal conductivity electrode material, variation of soil resistivity with the electrode's depth, and effect on the number of grounding rods to ground resistance. The design ofthe electrode was selected based on heat dispersion that was simulated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) package. The four selected grounding materials chosen based on its resistivity value and physical composition which is; kaolin, sand, bauxite and coal. These materials were investigated using the morphology test, element composition test and correlation between water content and material resistivity test. Fabricated E.G.E was tested under lightning flashover conditions in a HV laboratory using an impulse test generator in order to validate its electrical performance and prolog life expectancy. Data obtained from laboratory tests indicated that bauxite is the best material for the proposed E.G.E system, compared to other materials by offering the lowest different percentage breakdown voltage comparable to native earth, which is around 1.27%. Besides that, bauxite gets 35% strikes during dry condition and 38% strikes during wet condition among three others material. It is hope this E.G.E sustaining a good performance as a grounding system

Optimal Piecewise-Linear Approximation of the Quadratic Chaotic Dynamics

This paper shows the influence of piecewise-linear approximation on the global dynamics associated with autonomous third-order dynamical systems with the quadratic vector fields. The novel method for optimal nonlinear function approximation preserving the system behavior is proposed and experimentally verified. This approach is based on the calculation of the state attractor metric dimension inside a stochastic optimization routine. The approximated systems are compared to the original by means of the numerical integration. Real electronic circuits representing individual dynamical systems are derived using classical as well as integrator-based synthesis and verified by time-domain analysis in Orcad Pspice simulator. The universality of the proposed method is briefly discussed, especially from the viewpoint of the higher-order dynamical systems. Future topics and perspectives are also provide

Modular OrCAD simulation approach in teaching power electronics

In this paper the authors present a new technique which can be used in simulating multi power electronic circuits at the same time in a very accurate way without the worries of the circuit analysis being diverted during the simulation. In this technique each circuits is simulated alone and the output current/voltage waveform(s) of this circuit is presented as a 'wave-form' generator. Then the final multi circuit design will be a collection of these 'wave-form' generators. This technique can be used in teaching power electronics system design for undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels and can also be used in the industry. A UPS system is used as an example in demonstrating this technique but this approach could equally be applicable to other multi circuit design configurations

Symbolization of the electric diagram of the marketed solar panels in the Orcad- Pspice environment

In this paper, focuses on how to create a special library of some marketed solar panels in the Orcad-Pspice environment using the design features provided by the founder, we established and implanted in Orcad-Pspice the electric scheme of the solar panels according to their architecture. This makes it possible to model the operation of each panel when it is closed on a resistive load. Also, simulation is used to determine the electric characteristics of these panels according to temperature and solar irradiation.In this paper, focuses on how to create a special library of some marketed solar panels in the Orcad-Pspice environment using the design features provided by the founder, we established and implanted in Orcad-Pspice the electric scheme of the solar panels according to their architecture. This makes it possible to model the operation of each panel when it is closed on a resistive load. Also, simulation is used to determine the electric characteristics of these panels according to temperature and solar irradiation

ECG study in practical labs for biomedical engineering training

Non-invasive biomedical measurements are one of the most important technological contributions whitin the biomedical engineering field. On this paper, a dual laboratory session student oriented is designed to simulate and implement a cardial signal monitor. During the first session, ORCAD PSpice software is used to simulate the whole process. The students can acquire knowledge on the process by configuring and running both the instrumentation amplifier and a passive filter to improve the signal quality. The second session requires from the student basic laboratory skills to use a specific printed circuit board (PCB) to measure its very own cardiac potential. As a result, from this session, the student can visualize the ECG signal acquired directly on the laboratory oscilloscope

Temperature Simulation in OrCad

Práce se zabývá teplotními simulacemi v OrCAD PSpice, jež je doplněna ilustrativními příklady.This thesis deals with temperature simulation in OrCAD PSpice and their use in examples.430 - Katedra elektronikydobř

Constrained and unconstrained evolution of “ LCR” low-pass filters with oscillating length representation

The unconstrained evolution has already been applied in the past towards design of digital circuits, and extraordinary results have been obtained, including generation of circuits with smaller number of electronic components. In this paper both constrained and unconstrained evolutions, blended with oscillating length genotype sweeping strategy, are applied towards design of analogue “ LCR” circuits. The comparison of both evolutions is made and the promising results are obtained. The new algorithm has produced the best results in terms of quality of the circuits evolved and evolutionary resources required. It differs from previous ones by its simplicity and represents one of the first attempts to apply Evolutionary Strategy towards the analogue circuit design. The obtained results are compared in details with low-pass filters previously designed

Analysis and the Use of Special Blocks from OrCAD Libraries.

Import 22/07/2015Bakalářská práce se zabývá popisem knihovny Analog Behavioral model v programu OrCAD Pspice. V této knihovně se nachází dva typy prvků. Control systém parts a equivalent parts. Prvky z této knihovny jsou detailně rozebrány a popsány jejich vlastnosti a parametry. V další části práce jsou jednoduché příklady aplikací. Je popsán postup matematické analýzy stejnosměrného motoru za použití součástek z knihovny ABM. Tato simulace je následně porovnána se simulací v programu Matlab Simulink. Dále jsou zmíněny další možnosti simulace. V příloze je pak vytvořen Sylab popisující vytvoření PI regulátoru.This bachelor thesis is focused on description of Analog Behavioral model library in OrCAD Pspice programme. There are two types of components in the library. Control system and equivalents parts. The property and parameters of these parts are described and analysed minutely. The second part of the bachelor consists of simple examples of application. It describes mathematical model of DC motor with application of components from library ABM. This simulation is subsequently compared with simulation in Matlab Simulink programme. The other possibilities of simulation are also mentioned. Sylab describing formation of PI regulator is created and included in the enclosure.430 - Katedra elektronikyvýborn