Development and Testing of a New Transport Protocol Optimized for Multimedia Internet Transactions.

The TCP/IP protocol, which carries over 95% of data across the Internet, was first published in 1974 at a time when packet-switching was a new technology and computer communications were dominated by the virtual-circuit paradigm. Computer networking has changed dramatically in the past quarter-century, but the underpinnings of TCP have remained virtually unchanged. Many of TCP's most significant design assumptions are no longer valid in the modern Internet. As a result, TCP typically exhibits extremely poor performance including congestion, underutilization of bandwidth, and server overload. Despite these facts, and increasing evidence that TCP/IP is not suited to many of the application protocols it supports, only incremental improvements have been widely researched and no viable alternatives have come to prominence. This dissertation proposes a new transport protocol, the Multimedia Transaction Protocol (MTP), which has been created to meet the needs of modern applications operating in a modern network environment. This new protocol has been designed to handle transaction style client-server interactions across an unreliable, highly congested, packet-switched network. Experimental and simulation results show that MTP provides an order of magnitude improvement in throughput while contributing to network stability and greatly reducing latency. This work characterizes the modern transport environment, describes the design and implementation of MTP, and presents initial test results

Active Queue Management for Fair Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks

This paper investigates the interaction between end-to-end flow control and MAC-layer scheduling on wireless links. We consider a wireless network with multiple users receiving information from a common access point; each user suffers fading, and a scheduler allocates the channel based on channel quality,but subject to fairness and latency considerations. We show that the fairness property of the scheduler is compromised by the transport layer flow control of TCP New Reno. We provide a receiver-side control algorithm, CLAMP, that remedies this situation. CLAMP works at a receiver to control a TCP sender by setting the TCP receiver's advertised window limit, and this allows the scheduler to allocate bandwidth fairly between the users

Reducing Internet Latency : A Survey of Techniques and their Merit

Bob Briscoe, Anna Brunstrom, Andreas Petlund, David Hayes, David Ros, Ing-Jyh Tsang, Stein Gjessing, Gorry Fairhurst, Carsten Griwodz, Michael WelzlPeer reviewedPreprin

Transmission congestion management by optimal placement of FACTS devices

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University, 13/09/2010.This thesis describes the implementation of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices to develop a market-based approach to the problem of transmission congestion management in a Balancing Market. The causes, remedies and pricing methods of transmission congestion are briefly reviewed. Balancing Market exists in markets in which most of the trading is done via decentralized bilateral contracts. In these markets only final adjustments necessary to ensure secure system operation is carried out at a centralized Balancing Market. Each market player can participate in the Balancing Market by submitting offers and bids to increase and decrease its initially submitted active generation output. In this research a method is proposed to reduce costs associated with congestion re-dispatch in a Balancing Market by optimal placement of FACTS devices, and in particular Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter Transformers (TCPST). The proposed technique is applicable to both Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP). In the MILP a power system network is represented by a simplified DC power flow under a MILP structure and the Market participants' offers and bids are also represented by linear models. Results show that applications of FACTS devices can significantly reduce costs of congestion re-dispatch. The application of the method based on the MINLP creates a nonlinear and non-convex AC OPF problem that might be trapped in local sub-optima solutions. The reliability of the solution that determines the optimal placement of FACTS devices is an important issue and is carried out by investigation of alternative solvers. The behavior of the MINLP solvers is presented and finally the best solvers for this particular optimization problem are introduced. The application of DC OPF is very common in industry. The accuracy of the DC OPF results is investigated and a comparison between the DC and AC OPF is presented

Achieving High Throughput for Data Transfer over ATM Networks

File-transfer rates for ftp are often reported to be relatively slow, compared to the raw bandwidth available in emerging gigabit networks. While a major bottleneck is disk I/O, protocol issues impact performance as well. Ftp was developed and optimized for use over the TCP/IP protocol stack of the Internet. However, TCP has been shown to run inefficiently over ATM. In an effort to maximize network throughput, data-transfer protocols can be developed to run over UDP or directly over IP, rather than over TCP. If error-free transmission is required, techniques for achieving reliable transmission can be included as part of the transfer protocol. However, selected image-processing applications can tolerate a low level of errors in images that are transmitted over a network. In this paper we report on experimental work to develop a high-throughput protocol for unreliable data transfer over ATM networks. We attempt to maximize throughput by keeping the communications pipe full, but still keep packet loss under five percent. We use the Bay Area Gigabit Network Testbed as our experimental platform

Quality of experience driven control of interactive media stream parameters

In recent years, cloud computing has led to many new kinds of services. One of these popular services is cloud gaming, which provides the entire game experience to the users remotely from a server, but also other applications are provided in a similar manner. In this paper we focus on the option to render the application in the cloud, thereby delivering the graphical output of the application to the user as a video stream. In more general terms, an interactive media stream is set up over the network between the user's device and the cloud server. The main issue with this approach is situated at the network, that currently gives little guarantees on the quality of service in terms of parameters such as available bandwidth, latency or packet loss. However, for interactive media stream cases, the user is merely interested in the perceived quality, regardless of the underlaying network situation. In this paper, we present an adaptive control mechanism that optimizes the quality of experience for the use case of a race game, by trading off visual quality against frame rate in function of the available bandwidth. Practical experiments verify that QoE driven adaptation leads to improved user experience compared to systems solely taking network characteristics into account

Machine Learning Prediction Approach to Enhance Congestion Control in 5G IoT Environment

[EN] The 5G network is a next-generation wireless form of communication and the latest mobile technology. In practice, 5G utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) to work in high-tra_ c networks with multiple nodes/ sensors in an attempt to transmit their packets to a destination simultaneously, which is a characteristic of IoT applications. Due to this, 5G o_ ers vast bandwidth, low delay, and extremely high data transfer speed. Thus, 5G presents opportunities and motivations for utilizing next-generation protocols, especially the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). However, the congestion control mechanisms of the conventional SCTP negatively influence overall performance. Moreover, existing mechanisms contribute to reduce 5G and IoT performance. Thus, a new machine learning model based on a decision tree (DT) algorithm is proposed in this study to predict optimal enhancement of congestion control in the wireless sensors of 5G IoT networks. The model was implemented on a training dataset to determine the optimal parametric setting in a 5G environment. The dataset was used to train the machine learning model and enable the prediction of optimal alternatives that can enhance the performance of the congestion control approach. The DT approach can be used for other functions, especially prediction and classification. DT algorithms provide graphs that can be used by any user to understand the prediction approach. The DT C4.5 provided promising results, with more than 92% precision and recall.Najm, IA.; Hamoud, AK.; Lloret, J.; Bosch Roig, I. (2019). Machine Learning Prediction Approach to Enhance Congestion Control in 5G IoT Environment. Electronics. 8(6):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060607S12386Rahem, A. A. T., Ismail, M., Najm, I. A., & Balfaqih, M. (2017). Topology sense and graph-based TSG: efficient wireless ad hoc routing protocol for WANET. 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Optimization and Performance Analysis of High Speed Mobile Access Networks

The end-to-end performance evaluation of high speed broadband mobile access networks is the main focus of this work. Novel transport network adaptive flow control and enhanced congestion control algorithms are proposed, implemented, tested and validated using a comprehensive High speed packet Access (HSPA) system simulator. The simulation analysis confirms that the aforementioned algorithms are able to provide reliable and guaranteed services for both network operators and end users cost-effectively. Further, two novel analytical models one for congestion control and the other for the combined flow control and congestion control which are based on Markov chains are designed and developed to perform the aforementioned analysis efficiently compared to time consuming detailed system simulations. In addition, the effects of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) transport network (S1and X2 interfaces) on the end user performance are investigated and analysed by introducing a novel comprehensive MAC scheduling scheme and a novel transport service differentiation model