A general analytical model of adaptive wormhole routing in k-ary n-cubes

Several analytical models of fully adaptive routing have recently been proposed for k-ary n-cubes and hypercube networks under the uniform traffic pattern. Although,hypercube is a special case of k-ary n-cubes topology, the modeling approach for hypercube is more accurate than karyn-cubes due to its simpler structure. This paper proposes a general analytical model to predict message latency in wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes with fully adaptive routing that uses a similar modeling approach to hypercube. The analysis focuses Duato's fully adaptive routing algorithm [12], which is widely accepted as the most general algorithm for achieving adaptivity in wormhole-routed networks while allowing for an efficient router implementation. The proposed model is general enough that it can be used for hypercube and other fully adaptive routing algorithms

Analytical performance modelling of adaptive wormhole routing in the star interconnection network

The star graph was introduced as an attractive alternative to the well-known hypercube and its properties have been well studied in the past. Most of these studies have focused on topological properties and algorithmic aspects of this network. Although several analytical models have been proposed in the literature for different interconnection networks, none of them have dealt with star graphs. This paper proposes the first analytical model to predict message latency in wormhole-switched star interconnection networks with fully adaptive routing. The analysis focuses on a fully adaptive routing algorithm which has shown to be the most effective for star graphs. The results obtained from simulation experiments confirm that the proposed model exhibits a good accuracy under different operating conditions

The impacts of timing constraints on virtual channels multiplexing in interconnect networks

Interconnect networks employing wormhole-switching play a critical role in shared memory multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoC) designs, multicomputer systems and system area networks. Virtual channels greatly improve the performance of wormhole-switched networks because they reduce blocking by acting as "bypass" lanes for non-blocked messages. Capturing the effects of virtual channel multiplexing has always been a crucial issue for any analytical model proposed for wormhole-switched networks. Dally has developed a model to investigate the behaviour of this multiplexing which have been widely employed in the subsequent analytical models of most routing algorithms suggested in the literature. It is indispensable to modify Dally's model in order to evaluate the performance of channel multiplexing in more general networks where restrictions such as timing constraints of input arrivals and finite buffer size of queues are common. In this paper we consider timing constraints of input arrivals to investigate the virtual channel multiplexing problem inherent in most current networks. The analysis that we propose is completely general and therefore can be used with any interconnect networks employing virtual channels. The validity of the proposed equations has been verified through simulation experiments under different working conditions

Performance modeling of fault-tolerant circuit-switched communication networks

Circuit switching (CS) has been suggested as an efficient switching method for supporting simultaneous communications (such as data, voice, and images) across parallel systems due to its ability to preserve both communication performance and fault-tolerant demands in such systems. In this paper we present an efficient scheme to capture the mean message latency in 2D torus with CS in the presence of faulty components. We have also conducted extensive simulation experiments, the results of which are used to validate the analytical mode

A Queueing Characterization of Information Transmission over Block Fading Rayleigh Channels in the Low SNR

Unlike the AWGN (additive white gaussian noise) channel, fading channels suffer from random channel gains besides the additive Gaussian noise. As a result, the instantaneous channel capacity varies randomly along time, which makes it insufficient to characterize the transmission capability of a fading channel using data rate only. In this paper, the transmission capability of a buffer-aided block Rayleigh fading channel is examined by a constant rate input data stream, and reflected by several parameters such as the average queue length, stationary queue length distribution, packet delay and overflow probability. Both infinite-buffer model and finite-buffer model are considered. Taking advantage of the memoryless property of the service provided by the channel in each block in the the low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) regime, the information transmission over the channel is formulated as a \textit{discrete time discrete state} $D/G/1$ queueing problem. The obtained results show that block fading channels are unable to support a data rate close to their ergodic capacity, no matter how long the buffer is, even seen from the application layer. For the finite-buffer model, the overflow probability is derived with explicit expression, and is shown to decrease exponentially when buffer size is increased, even when the buffer size is very small.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures. More details on the proof of Theorem 1 and proposition 1 can be found in "Queueing analysis for block fading Rayleigh channels in the low SNR regime ", IEEE WCSP 2013.It has been published by IEEE Trans. on Veh. Technol. in Feb. 201

Analysis of a class of distributed queues with application

Recently we have developed a class of media access control algorithms for different types of Local Area Networks. A common feature of these LAN algorithms is that they represent various strategies by which the processors in the LAN can simulate the availability of a centralized packet transport facility, but whose service incorporates a particular type of change over time known as 'moving sever' overhead. First we describe the operation of moving server systems in general, for both First-Come - First-Served and Head-of-the-Line orders of service, together with an approach for their delay analysis in which we transform the moving server queueing system into a conventional queueing system having proportional waiting times. Then we describe how the various LAN algorithms may be obtained from the ideal moving server system, and how a significant component of their performance characteristics is determined by the performance characteristics of that ideal system. Finally, we evaluate the compatibility of such LAN algorithms with separable queueing network models of distributed systems by computing the interdeparture time distribution for M/M/1 in the presence of moving server overhead. Although it is not exponential, except in the limits of low server utilization or low overhead, the interdeparture time distribution is a weighted sum of exponential terms with a coefficient of variation not much smaller than unity. Thus, we conjecture that a service centre with moving server overhead could be used to represent one of these LAN algorithms in a product form queueing network model of a distributed system without introducing significant approximation errors

High speed all optical networks

An inherent problem of conventional point-to-point wide area network (WAN) architectures is that they cannot translate optical transmission bandwidth into comparable user available throughput due to the limiting electronic processing speed of the switching nodes. The first solution to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based WAN networks that overcomes this limitation is presented. The proposed Lightnet architecture takes into account the idiosyncrasies of WDM switching/transmission leading to an efficient and pragmatic solution. The Lightnet architecture trades the ample WDM bandwidth for a reduction in the number of processing stages and a simplification of each switching stage, leading to drastically increased effective network throughputs. The principle of the Lightnet architecture is the construction and use of virtual topology networks, embedded in the original network in the wavelength domain. For this construction Lightnets utilize the new concept of lightpaths which constitute the links of the virtual topology. Lightpaths are all-optical, multihop, paths in the network that allow data to be switched through intermediate nodes using high throughput passive optical switches. The use of the virtual topologies and the associated switching design introduce a number of new ideas, which are discussed in detail