Multi-phase thermal cavitation flow in rough conforming and partially conforming conjunctions

The main aim of this research was to investigate the mechanism of cavitation in conforming and partially conforming tribological conjunctions. The effect of cavitation on load carrying capacity and frictional performance of is also investigated. This is important with regards to fuel efficiency in internal combustion (IC) engines. Friction accounts for 15–20% of IC engine losses. The piston–cylinder system contributes to 40–50% of these, with the compression ring(s) being responsible for most of this. This is because the primary function of the ring is to seal the combustion chamber, thus small emerging gaps lead to increased friction. In fact, compression ring(s) expend 3–5% of engine input fuel energy. The share of frictional losses of engine bearings is approximately 20–25%. Traditionally, prediction of performance of tribological conjunctions has been studied using Reynolds equation. When the effect of cavitation is considered, various cavitation algorithms with associated boundary conditions for lubricant rupture and reformation are proposed. These include Elrod, and Elrod and Coyne algorithms, as well as boundary conditions such as Swift-Stieber, JFO and Prandtl-Hopkins. There are a number of assumptions embodied in these approaches, as well as the use of Reynolds equation itself. These approaches do not uphold the continuity of mass and momentum in multi-phase flow, in cavitation beyond the lubricant film rupture. A detailed methodology for multi-phase flow, comprising simultaneous solution of Navier-Stokes, energy and lubricant rheological state equations is developed. [Continues.

LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volum

Multicoloured Random Graphs: Constructions and Symmetry

This is a research monograph on constructions of and group actions on countable homogeneous graphs, concentrating particularly on the simple random graph and its edge-coloured variants. We study various aspects of the graphs, but the emphasis is on understanding those groups that are supported by these graphs together with links with other structures such as lattices, topologies and filters, rings and algebras, metric spaces, sets and models, Moufang loops and monoids. The large amount of background material included serves as an introduction to the theories that are used to produce the new results. The large number of references should help in making this a resource for anyone interested in beginning research in this or allied fields.Comment: Index added in v2. This is the first of 3 documents; the other 2 will appear in physic

International Congress of Mathematicians: 2022 July 6–14: Proceedings of the ICM 2022

Following the long and illustrious tradition of the International Congress of Mathematicians, these proceedings include contributions based on the invited talks that were presented at the Congress in 2022. Published with the support of the International Mathematical Union and edited by Dmitry Beliaev and Stanislav Smirnov, these seven volumes present the most important developments in all fields of mathematics and its applications in the past four years. In particular, they include laudations and presentations of the 2022 Fields Medal winners and of the other prestigious prizes awarded at the Congress. The proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians provide an authoritative documentation of contemporary research in all branches of mathematics, and are an indispensable part of every mathematical library

Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. They deal with foundational research with a clear significance for software science