PERBANDINGAN PEMROGRAMAN TERDISTRIBUSI REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL XML-RPC DENGAN REMOTE METHOD INVOCATION (RMI) STUDI KASUS OPERASI MATRIX PADA CITRA<br /> <br /> On The Comparison of Distributed Programming Using Remote Procedure Call XML-RPC and Remote Metho

ABSTRAKSI: Suatu program untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan yang kompleks akan lebih mudah diimplementasikan secara modular. Setiap modul dalam program tersebut dapat didesain untuk menangani suatu operasi tertentu. Gabungan fungsional modul-modul suatu program nantinya akan mampu melakukan penyelesaian problem dari suatu program secara utuh. Konsep modularitas pada program memiliki keuntungan lain bagi programmer. Salah satunya adalah untuk menerapkan pemrograman terdistribusi. Dalam pemrograman terdistribusi, modul-modul program tidak harus berada di satu mesin komputer. Modul-modul program dapat diletakkan di beberapa node komputer yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan. Untuk dapat berkomunikasi satu sama lain, modul-modul dalam program dapat menggunakan berbagai teknologi seperti socket, RMI(untuk Java) , CORBA, message oriented middleware atau pun Remote Procedure Call(RPC). Pada Tugas Akhir ini, pemrograman tedistribusi dibangun menggunakan teknologi Remote Procedure Call (RPC) dan Remote Method Invocation (RMI). Dari berbagai macam implementasi RPC, XML-RPC digunakan sebagai teknologi Remote Procedure Call-nya. Sedangkan implementasi RMI yang digunakan adalah Java-RMI. Hasil dari tugas akhir ini menunjukan bahwa secara umum Java-RMI memiliki waktu eksekusi yang lebih cepat dibanding program XML-RPC(baik Python ataupun Java). Sedangkan dalam implementasi XML RPC dengan Python dan Java, waktu eksekusi program dengan Java relatif lebih cepat daripada program dengan Python.Kata Kunci : Pemrograman terdistribusi (Distributed Programming), Remote Procedure Call(RPC), XML-RPC, Server, Client, Remote Method Invocation(RMI).ABSTRACT: To make a complex program, programmers usually divide the program into some modules in order to ease to be understood, to be solved, and to be built. Each of functionality of the program is usually represented by a module. The comprehensive work of the modules build a complete function of the program itself. Modularity concept of a program may give more than one advantages. One of them is that modularity concept enable programmers to build distributed programming. By using distributed programming, program&rsquo;s modules do not have to be in the same machine. These modules may be spread out in the computer nodes that are connected to the network. To enable them to communicate each other, a technology should be taken to bridge the connections among the modules. Technology such as socket, RMI (for Java), CORBA or Remote Procedure Call (RPC) may become the communication bridge among the modules. In this Final Assignment, a distributed programming is built using Remote Procedure Call and Remote Method Invocation. Among many implementations of RPC, this Final Assignment use XML-RPC as it Remote Procedure Calls. The RMI program is implemented using Java RMI. The result of the final assignment has shown that running distributed program under Java RMI is generally faster than distributed program under XML-RPC (on both Python and Java). However, XMLRPC with Java is relatively faster than Python.Keyword: distributed programming, Remote Procedure Call (RPC), XML-RPC, Server, Client, Remote Method Invocation(RMI)

Use of Java RMI on Mobile Devices for Peer to Peer Computing

In this paper, the use of Java RMI on mobile devices for peer-to-peer computing is presented. An overview of the commonly used distributed middleware systems are described by looking into remote procedure call (RPC) and object oriented middleware java remote method invocation (Java RMI). The differences between this middleware are equally detailed in this work. A review of some related literature was carried out and some of the features required for the proposed prototype were also extracted accordingly. This paper also provides an overview of peer-to-peer networking and some of the application areas linked to the platform implementation. Detailed design and implementation of the artifact for peer-to-peer network using Java 2 platform programming language were carried out. Finally, on the process of this research, three applications were developed and peered together to show that java RMI is a tool for peer-to-peer computing. Keywords: - Remote method invocation, Remote procedure call, Stub, Skeleton, Peer-to-Pee

Distributed C++ : Design and implementation

Distributed C++ is a learning tool developed to investigate distributed programming using the object paradigm. An extension is designed for C++, to enable the use of C++ in programming distributed applications. A user transparent interface is designed and implemented to create and manipulate remote objects on a network of workstations running the Unix operating system. The concept of remote classes is introduced and remote object invocation is implemented over a remote procedure call mechanism

Using a Cray Y-MP as an array processor for a RISC Workstation

As microprocessors increase in power, the economics of centralized computing has changed dramatically. At the beginning of the 1980's, mainframes and super computers were often considered to be cost-effective machines for scalar computing. Today, microprocessor-based RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) systems have displaced many uses of mainframes and supercomputers. Supercomputers are still cost competitive when processing jobs that require both large memory size and high memory bandwidth. One such application is array processing. Certain numerical operations are appropriate to use in a Remote Procedure Call (RPC)-based environment. Matrix multiplication is an example of an operation that can have a sufficient number of arithmetic operations to amortize the cost of an RPC call. An experiment which demonstrates that matrix multiplication can be executed remotely on a large system to speed the execution over that experienced on a workstation is described

Automatic Insertion of Performance Instrumentation for Distributed Applications

The Open Software Foundation's Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) is based on a remote procedure call (RPC) paradigm. This paradigm provides a convenient, simplifying method for building distributed applications, but the simplification often makes performance tuning more difficult by concealing network operations from the programmer. To help evaluate the performance of distributed applications, we modified the Interface Definition Language (IDL) compiler of DCE RPC to automatically insert performance instrumentation.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107934/1/citi-tr-95-4.pd

Distributed Concurrent Persistent Languages: An Experimental Design and Implementation

A universal persistent object store is a logical space of persistent objects whose localities span over machines reachable over networks. It provides a conceptual framework in which, on one hand, the distribution of data is transparent to application programmers and, on the other, store semantics of conventional languages is preserved. This means the manipulation of persistent objects on remote machines is both syntactically and semantically the same as in the case of local data. Consequently, many aspects of distributed programming in which computation tasks cooperate over different processors and different stores can be addressed within the confines of persistent programming. The work reported in this thesis is a logical generalization of the notion of persistence in the context of distribution. The concept of a universal persistent store is founded upon a universal addressing mechanism which augments existing addressing mechanisms. The universal addressing mechanism is realized based upon remote pointers which although containing more locality information than ordinary pointers, do not require architectural changes. Moreover, these remote pointers are transparent to the programmers. A language, Distributed PS-algol, is designed to experiment with this idea. The novel features of the language include: lightweight processes with a flavour of distribution, mutexes as the store-based synchronization primitive, and a remote procedure call mechanism as the message-based interprocess communication mechanism. Furthermore, the advantages of shared store programming and network architecture are obtained with the introduction of the programming concept of locality in an unobtrusive manner. A characteristic of the underlying addressing mechanism is that data are never copied to satisfy remote demands except where efficiency can be attained without compromising the semantics of data. A remote store operation model is described to effect remote updates. It is argued that such a choice is the most natural given that remote store operations resemble remote procedure calls

Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) in multilingual contexts: A Mixed Methods Case Study

This paper describes a mixed-methods case study (through intervention) conducted in a digital multilingual elementary classroom that aimed to explore strategies for facilitating remote lesson engagement and establishing inclusive pedagogy under emergency situations. The principle aim of this study was to explore to what extent the task-based language teaching (TBLT) method grounded on the migrant students’ needs analysis, and was supported by computer-assisted language learning (CALL) features that contribute to active lesson participation during emergencies, and their effect on migrant students’ social inclusion in a formal educational context. By employing qualitative and quantitative modes of inquiry, there was an attempt to provide multilingual lesson strategies implementing digital learning projects. Data was collected using observation of the actual teaching procedure, the in-depth content analysis of the learning outcome, and a survey on educators’ views regarding the emergency remote teaching procedure. Results established the most critical factors required for differentiated multilingual distance education. Overall, this mixed-methods case study strengthens the idea that the public school may operate as a mechanism for empowering the socioeconomically vulnerable population of society. This study also adds to our understanding of students’ capacity on detecting their errors and shortcomings and how they evaluate themselves, a process that increases their autonomous and critical learning ability

An Evaluation of the Amoeba Group Communication System

The Amoeba group communication system has two unique aspects: (1) it uses a sequencer-based protocol with negative acknowledgements for achieving a total order on all group messages; and (2) users choose the degree of fault tolerance they desire. This paper reports on our design decisions in retrospect, the performance of the Amoeba group system, and our experiences using the system. We conclude that sequencer-based group protocols achieve high performance (comparable to Amoeba's fast remote procedure call implementation), that the scalability of our sequencer-based protocols is limited by message processing time, and that the flexibility and modularity of user-level implementations of protocols is likely to outweigh the potential performance loss

RDMA vs. RPC for implementing distributed data structures

Distributed data structures are key to implementing scalable applications for scientific simulations and data analysis. In this paper we look at two implementation styles for distributed data structures: remote direct memory access (RDMA) and remote procedure call (RPC). We focus on operations that require individual accesses to remote portions of a distributed data structure, e.g., accessing a hash table bucket or distributed queue, rather than global operations in which all processors collectively exchange information. We look at the trade-offs between the two styles through microbenchmarks and a performance model that approximates the cost of each. The RDMA operations have direct hardware support in the network and therefore lower latency and overhead, while the RPC operations are more expressive but higher cost and can suffer from lack of attentiveness from the remote side. We also run experiments to compare the real-world performance of RDMA- and RPC-based data structure operations with the predicted performance to evaluate the accuracy of our model, and show that while the model does not always precisely predict running time, it allows us to choose the best implementation in the examples shown. We believe this analysis will assist developers in designing data structures that will perform well on current network architectures, as well as network architects in providing better support for this class of distributed data structures