100 research outputs found
Reasoning about obligations in Obligationes : a formal approach.
Despite the appearance of `obligation' in their name, medieval obligational dispu-
tations between an Opponent and a Respondent seem to many to be unrelated to
deontic logic. However, given that some of the example disputations found in me-
dieval texts involve Respondent reasoning about his obligations within the context
of the disputation, it is clear that some sort of deontic reasoning is involved. In this
paper, we explain how the reasoning diers from that in ordinary basic deontic logic,
and dene dynamic epistemic semantics within which the medieval obligations can
be expressed and the examples evaluated. Obligations in this framework are history-
based and closely connected to action, thus allowing for comparisons with, e.g., the
knowledge-based obligations of Pacuit, Parikh, and Cogan, and stit-theory. The con-
tributions of this paper are twofold: The introduction of a new type of obligation into
the deontic logic family, and an explanation of the precise deontic concepts involved
in obligationes
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π§Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ·Π° Π₯ΡΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡ
In this paper we reconstruct a famous Severin Boethiusβs reasoning according to the idea of the medieval obligationes disputation. We create two different formalizations of the disputation: fi rst with the help of Ch. Hamblinβs approach specially designed to formalize such logical debates; second, on the basis of his formal dialectics. The two formalizations are used to analyze the logical properties of the rules of the medieval logical disputation and that of their formal dialecticβs counterparts. By means of comparing these reconstructions we are able to justify our two main conclusions: that the formalization of the medieval disputation suggested by Hamblin, though does provide a general account of it thus giving a broad view of its basic logical properties, but it fails to reconstruct the full picture of the disputation because it lacks in some the details of it. Another conclusion states that Hamblinβs formal dialectic and the medieval logical disputation are based on different logical theories.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ): ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π§. Π₯ΡΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ β Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π₯ΡΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π₯ΡΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ
Reasoning about Obligations in Obligationes: A Formal Approach
Despite the appearance of `obligation' in their name, medieval obligational dispu- tations between an Opponent and a Respondent seem to many to be unrelated to deontic logic. However, given that some of the example disputations found in me- dieval texts involve Respondent reasoning about his obligations within the context of the disputation, it is clear that some sort of deontic reasoning is involved. In this paper, we explain how the reasoning diers from that in ordinary basic deontic logic, and dene dynamic epistemic semantics within which the medieval obligations can be expressed and the examples evaluated. Obligations in this framework are history- based and closely connected to action, thus allowing for comparisons with, e.g., the knowledge-based obligations of Pacuit, Parikh, and Cogan, and stit-theory. The con- tributions of this paper are twofold: The introduction of a new type of obligation into the deontic logic family, and an explanation of the precise deontic concepts involved in obligationes
The Art of Doubting in <i>Obligationes Parisienses</i>
Recent studies on obligationes tend to focus on the specific type of positio. This emphasis has led to a neglect of the less standard types, including dubitatio. While some claim that dubitatio is merely a trivial variant of positio, we show that the dubitatio rules given in the 13th-century treatise Obligationes Parisienses are by no means trivial and in fact lend themselves to a somewhat peculiar system of dialogue. Dubitatio in this treatise shares many aspects with dubitatio in two other 13th-century treatises, by William of Sherwood and Nicholas of Paris. We use these similarities to shed some light on the history of dubitatio in general and the interpretation of the Parisienses rules in particular
The Art of Doubting in <i>Obligationes Parisienses</i>
Recent studies on obligationes tend to focus on the specific type of positio. This emphasis has led to a neglect of the less standard types, including dubitatio. While some claim that dubitatio is merely a trivial variant of positio, we show that the dubitatio rules given in the 13th-century treatise Obligationes Parisienses are by no means trivial and in fact lend themselves to a somewhat peculiar system of dialogue. Dubitatio in this treatise shares many aspects with dubitatio in two other 13th-century treatises, by William of Sherwood and Nicholas of Paris. We use these similarities to shed some light on the history of dubitatio in general and the interpretation of the Parisienses rules in particular
The normative role of logic for reasoning
This paper advocates for the normative role of logic in reasoning. I offer a response, anchored in an externalist perspective, to two fronts of attack against the normativity thesis, namely Harmanβs sceptical challenge and the accusation of naturalistic fallacy. On the one hand, I rework dialogical bridge principles and show that such principles satisfy adequacy criteria to deal with Harmanβs challenge. On the other hand, I argue that it is possible to derive normative consequences from logical facts. This is because argumentative interactions among agents involve the acceptance of constitutive rules that entail obligations. Hence, since logical rules can be seen as constitutive of the social practice of reasoning, they create prescriptions for reasoning. Bridge principles make those obligations and prohibitions explicit
Ancestor Worship in The Logic of Games. How foundational were Aristotle\u27s contributions?
Notwithstanding their technical virtuosity and growing presence in mainstream thinking, game theoretic logics have attracted a sceptical question: Granted that logic can be done game theoretically, but what would justify the idea that this is the preferred way to do it?\u27\u27 A recent suggestion is that at least part of the desired support might be found in the Greek dialectical writings. If so, perhaps we could say that those works possess a kind of foundational significance. The relation of being foundational for is interesting in its own right. In this paper, I explore its ancient applicability to relevant, paraconsistent and nonmonotonic logics, before returning to the question of its ancestral tie, or want of one, to the modern logics of games
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