Vers un système de sécurité semi-actif pour les véhicules à deux-roues motorisés

Riders of Powered two-wheeled vehicles (P2WV) are among the most vulnerable drivers on roads. In France, riders of P2WVs are just 1.9% of road traffic, but account for 24% of road user deaths. This high rate of mortality may be explained by several factors. One of them is the lack of specific Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In fact, because of the complexity of the P2WVs dynamics and the unavailability of some states (such as the steering torque, the roll angle and the lateral forces), it is more difficult to design specific ITS systems for P2WVs. In this context, my thesis aims the estimation of relevant dynamics of P2WVs. Firstly, a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) observer is proposed to estimate the lateral dynamics. The observer completely decouples the steering torque - which is considered as an unknown input (UI) – from the estimation error dynamics. Then, to estimate the lateral dynamics and the steering torque, another TS observer is proposed. The observer in question has a proportional derivative (PD) adaptation law to reconstruct the UI. However, in both observers, nonlinearities with respect to tire forces are neglected. To circumvent this difficulty, lateral forces are considered as UIs and they are algebraically estimated thanks to high order sliding mode observers. Finally, we focus on the longitudinal dynamics and propose an UI observer with a PD adaptation law to estimate the longitudinal forces and the thrust and braking torques. Once the lateral and longitudinal dynamics estimated, we were interested by the control of the braking system. In this context, a robust controller is proposed in order to optimize the braking for P2WVs. The controller is based on sliding mode techniques and allows the tracking of the longitudinal slip to a reference one. The latter is computed through a program inspired by MPPT algorithms. Finally, to validate the several observers developed in my thesis, an observer based controller using TS techniques is proposed in order to stabilize and automate an instrumented scooter and to track a reference roll angle.Les conducteurs des véhicules à deux-roues motorisés (V2RM) sont parmi les usagers les plus vulnérables sur les routes. En France, les V2RMs ne constituent que 1.9% du trafic routier, mais ils sont impliqués dans 24% des accidents mortels. Le manque des systèmes d’aide à la conduite (Intelligent Transportation System, ITS) est pointé du doigt parmi les principales causes de ces chiffres alarmants. En effet, la complexité de la dynamique des V2RMs ainsi que l’inaccessibilité à certains états (comme l’angle du roulis, le couple de direction et les forces pneumatiques) rendent le déploiement des systèmes ITS très difficile et constituent un frein quant à leur développement. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de thèse vise l’estimation des dynamiques pertinentes des V2RMs. Premièrement, un observateur de type Takagi-Sugeno (TS) est proposé pour l’estimation de la dynamique latérale avec un découplage du couple de direction qui est considéré comme une entrée inconnue (UI). Ensuite, afin d’estimer le couple de direction, un autre observateur TS est proposé. L’observateur en question possède une loi d’adaptation proportionnelle-dérivée (PD) afin de reconstruire l’UI. Cependant, dans les deux observateurs précédents, les non-linéarités aux forces pneumatiques latérales sont négligées. Pour contourner cette difficulté, les forces latérales sont considérées comme des entrées inconnues et sont estimées de manière algébrique en utilisant les observateurs par mode-glissant d’ordre supérieur. Enfin, nous nous sommes attelés à la dynamique longitudinale et proposé un observateur à entrées inconnues avec une loi d’adaptation PD afin d’estimer les forces longitudinales et les couples d’accélération et de freinage. Une fois les dynamiques latérales et longitudinales des V2RMs estimées, nous nous sommes attaqués à la commande du système de freinage. Dans ce contexte, un contrôleur robuste est proposé afin d’optimiser le freinage des V2RMs. Le contrôleur est basé sur les techniques par mode glissant et permet d’asservir le glissement longitudinal vers un glissement de référence. Ce dernier est calculé grâce à un programme inspiré des algorithmes MPPT. Enfin, afin de valider les différents observateurs proposés, une commande basée observateur utilisant les techniques TS a été proposée dans afin d’automatiser un scooter instrumenté et assurer le suivi d’un roulis de référence

Proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress

Published proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress, hosted by York University, 27-30 May 2018

Shortest Route at Dynamic Location with Node Combination-Dijkstra Algorithm

Abstract— Online transportation has become a basic requirement of the general public in support of all activities to go to work, school or vacation to the sights. Public transportation services compete to provide the best service so that consumers feel comfortable using the services offered, so that all activities are noticed, one of them is the search for the shortest route in picking the buyer or delivering to the destination. Node Combination method can minimize memory usage and this methode is more optimal when compared to A* and Ant Colony in the shortest route search like Dijkstra algorithm, but can’t store the history node that has been passed. Therefore, using node combination algorithm is very good in searching the shortest distance is not the shortest route. This paper is structured to modify the node combination algorithm to solve the problem of finding the shortest route at the dynamic location obtained from the transport fleet by displaying the nodes that have the shortest distance and will be implemented in the geographic information system in the form of map to facilitate the use of the system. Keywords— Shortest Path, Algorithm Dijkstra, Node Combination, Dynamic Location (key words

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion. Collected Works, Volume 5

This fifth volume on Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion collects theoretical and applied contributions of researchers working in different fields of applications and in mathematics, and is available in open-access. The collected contributions of this volume have either been published or presented after disseminating the fourth volume in 2015 in international conferences, seminars, workshops and journals, or they are new. The contributions of each part of this volume are chronologically ordered. First Part of this book presents some theoretical advances on DSmT, dealing mainly with modified Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules (PCR) of combination with degree of intersection, coarsening techniques, interval calculus for PCR thanks to set inversion via interval analysis (SIVIA), rough set classifiers, canonical decomposition of dichotomous belief functions, fast PCR fusion, fast inter-criteria analysis with PCR, and improved PCR5 and PCR6 rules preserving the (quasi-)neutrality of (quasi-)vacuous belief assignment in the fusion of sources of evidence with their Matlab codes. Because more applications of DSmT have emerged in the past years since the apparition of the fourth book of DSmT in 2015, the second part of this volume is about selected applications of DSmT mainly in building change detection, object recognition, quality of data association in tracking, perception in robotics, risk assessment for torrent protection and multi-criteria decision-making, multi-modal image fusion, coarsening techniques, recommender system, levee characterization and assessment, human heading perception, trust assessment, robotics, biometrics, failure detection, GPS systems, inter-criteria analysis, group decision, human activity recognition, storm prediction, data association for autonomous vehicles, identification of maritime vessels, fusion of support vector machines (SVM), Silx-Furtif RUST code library for information fusion including PCR rules, and network for ship classification. Finally, the third part presents interesting contributions related to belief functions in general published or presented along the years since 2015. These contributions are related with decision-making under uncertainty, belief approximations, probability transformations, new distances between belief functions, non-classical multi-criteria decision-making problems with belief functions, generalization of Bayes theorem, image processing, data association, entropy and cross-entropy measures, fuzzy evidence numbers, negator of belief mass, human activity recognition, information fusion for breast cancer therapy, imbalanced data classification, and hybrid techniques mixing deep learning with belief functions as well

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia