CHARACTERISTICS OF TERMITES SUBFAMILY Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae) ON SIMEULUE ISLAND

Rayap terdiri dari banyak subfamili, salah satu subfamili tersebut adalah subfamili Nasutitermitinae. Penelitian tentang karakteristik rayap subfamili Nasutitermitinae di Pulau Simeulue telah dilakukan sejak Juli 2020 hingga Juli 2021 dengan menggunakan sampel rayap yang dikoleksi oleh Syaukani dan Tim di Lab. Zoology, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai jenis rayap subfamili Nasutitermitinae yang berasal dari Pulau Simeulue, dengan menemukan karakter untuk setiap jenis serta menganalisis klaster pada ciri setiap spesies. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 6 spesies dan 19 koloni berdasarkan karakter-karakter morfologi yang terdapat pada rayap kasta prajurit. Karakter morfologi kepala, rostrum, dan antena serta ukuran kasta prajurit merupakan karakteristik penting dalam identifikasi.

Biosystematics Of Hospitalitermes Hospitalis Holmgren (Isoptera) From Borneo

This article redescribes Hospitalitermes hospitalis of open-air processional column termitesfrom Central Kalimantan, Borneo Indonesia. In many publications, this nasute termite is one of very incomplete descriptions. Condition of head capsule and its coloration (soldier caste), mandibles and antennae (soldier caste) are importance characters identification work. This species showed a large variation of nesting sites and dimorphism of worker caste

A new species of Obtusitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from South America

Obtusitermes Snyder is a genus endemic to the Neotropics, restricted to northern South America and southern Central America. Obtusitermes panamae Snyder was described from Quipo, Panama. Herein, we describe Obtusitermes formosulus, n. sp., from Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, based on the dimorphic soldier and polymorphic worker. These descriptions provide strong evidence that Parvitermes bacchanalis Mathews should not be included in Obtusitermes.Fil: Cuezzo, Adriana Carolina. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Cancello, Eliana M.. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; Brasi

Taxonomic Key to the Lacessittermes Holmgren (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) From Sumatra

A taxonomic key based on soldier and worker characters for an open air processional column termites genera, Lacessititermes, was constructed from material collected from Sumatra and adjacent islands from 1998 to 2017. As many as seven species of the genus are taxonomically difficult and complicated. Soldier caste is efective to separate L. piliferus, L. longinsus, L. albipes and L. batavus while mandible characters are efective to separate L. laborator from L. sordidus. Combination of soldier and worker characters are highly useful for identification of Lacessititermes from Sumatra

Rayap Kayu (Isoptera) pada Rumah-rumah Adat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat

Minangkabau traditional houses in West Sumatra has a high historical value, but it has the serious damage caused by termite infestation. The purpose of this research was to determine the types of termites that attack Minangkabau traditional houses in West Sumatra, Research the wood termites (Isoptera) in Minangkabau traditional houses in West Sumatra have been conducted in March and July 2013. Direct sampling methods used for collecting termites on mikrosite. Three species of termites were found that belong to two subfamilies, those are Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, Macrotermes sp. (Macrotermitinae) and Nasutitermes matangensis Haviland (Nasutitermitinae)

Microhabitat-specificity of the hindgut microbiota in higher termites

Termites are a group of eusocial insects in the superorder Dietyaptera, believed to have evolved from a lineage of ancient cockroach-like ancestors 150 million years ago. They play an important role in the breakdown of dead plant material, with the help of microorganisms harboured in the gut. The termites can be classified into flagellate-harbouring lower termites and flagellate-free higher termites. In comparison to the lower termites, the higher termites have undergone immense phylogenetic and dietary diversification, that has led to major changes in their gut structure. This diversification in the host is reflected in differences in their gut communities. To understand how host phylogeny and diet help shape bacterial communities in higher termites, I conducted an extensive pyrosequencingbased community survey of the gut communities of the major higher termite subfamilies, Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, and Nasutitermitinae. First, I constructed clone libraries and calculated phylogenetic trees for relevant bacterial taxa found in a variety of higher termites. The node information in these trees was used to provide a robust phylogenetic backbone for the accurate taxonomic assignment of the shorter pyrosequences. The analysis revealed that phylogenetically related termites in general, have similar community structure. However, one of the wood-feeding termites showed a greater similarity in gut community structure to other wood-feeders, in spite of not being phylogenetically related to them. The results suggest that although host phylogeny appears to be the major driving force in the determination of gut community membership, host diet can significantly contribute to community structure. However, far from being a homogenous environment, the higher termite gut is a highly structured habitat and shows the presence of spatially separated and physicochemically distinct compartments. Conditions unique to each compartment, playa significant role in shaping distinct compartment-specific communities. I used pyrotag sequencing to conduct an in-depth analysis of the communities of gut compartments from termites belonging to the families Termitinae and Nasutitermitinae. I found that homologous compartments from closely related termites are more similar in their community structure than adjacent compartments from the same termite. Based on our results, we hypothesize that similar ecological conditions such as increased alkalinity in the anterior gut, drive community structure in the gut compartments, and are reflected in overall hindgut community structure as well. The paunch (or P3 compartment) is the most voluminous of all hindgut compartments in wood-feeding higher termites, and is densely colonized by bacteria. Studies have shown that cellulase activity in the hindgut is particle-associated and possibly of bacterial origin. By fractionation of particles in the paunch lumen, using density-dependent centrifugation , I was able to show that the fraction enriched in wood fibers contributes substantially to the total cellulase activity in the hindgut. Using pyrosequencing, I examined the bacterial communities associated with the wood fibers in two wood-feeding members of the Nasutitermitinae. The results revealed the presence of a distinct cellulolytic fiber-associated community, primarily composed of the phyla TG3, Fibrobacteres and Spirochaetes. This fiber-associated community appears to have filled the niche for cellulose digestion, vacated by the flagellates. Lastly, the gut wall in termites is one of the major habitats in the gut, and home to an endospore-forming filamentous bacterium called 'Candidatus Arthromitus'. Due to the lack of a cultured isolate, the phylogenetic identity of 'Arthromitus' was disputed, and often confused with similar filamentous bacteria from mammalian guts. Phylogenetic analysis of picked filaments reveals 'Candidatus Arthromitus' to be a diverse clade of bacteria, found widely among arthropods, that is distinct from the segmented filamentous sequences recovered from mammalian guts

Overview of the Morphology of Neotropical Termite Workers: History and Practice

This contribution deals with the worker caste of the Neotropical termite fauna. It is a compilation of present knowledge about the morphology of pseudergates and workers, including the literature discussing the origin and evolution of this caste, the terminology used in the different taxonomic groups, and the techniques used to study these individuals, especially examination of the gut, mandibles, legs, and nota. In order to assist in identifying workers, it includes a key for the families that occur in the Neotropical Region and a characterization of workers of all families, especially the subfamilies of Termitidae, with descriptions and illustrations of diagnostic morphological features of genera. We point out advances and gaps in knowledge, as well as directions for future research

Phylogeny of the Nasutitermtinae and Revision of the Neotropical Genus Syntermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae)

The University of Kansas has long historical connections with Central America and the many Central Americans who have earned graduate degrees at KU. This work is part of the Central American Theses and Dissertations collection in KU ScholarWorks and is being made freely available with permission of the author through the efforts of Professor Emeritus Charles Stansifer of the History department and the staff of the Scholarly Communications program at the University of Kansas Libraries’ Center for Digital Scholarship.The Nasutitennitixiae are one of the most diverse subfamilies of termites, with more than 80 genera and 600 known species. Soldiers of most Nasutitermitinae have their heads modified for, chemical defense, with a long frontal tube connected to a reservoir of defensive secretions. These nasute soldiers are capable of squirting noxious substances on enemies and have vestigial mandibles. A group of 13 neotropical genera of Nasutitermitinae, the mandibulate nasutes, have soldiers with functional mandibles and various degrees of development of the frontal tube; they have been considered to represent intermediate stages toward the evolution of the nasute soldier, and would correspond to the basal branches of the Nasutitermitinae. This work investigates the phylogenetic relationships of the mandibulate nasutes. A cladistic analysis based on 35 morphological characters indicates that the traditional phylogenies are incorrect and that the mandibulate nasutes form a monophyletic group in which a long frontal tube evolved independently. The analysis of a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene provides some support for the same conclusion, but with lower resolution. The taxonomy of the genus Syntermes, traditionally considered the most primitive of the Nasutitermitinae, is revised, and 23 species are now recognized. Six species are described as new: S. barbatus, S. cearensis, 5. crassilabrum, S. longiceps, 5, nanus, and 5. tanygnathus; the imagoes of 5. aculeosus, S. chaquimayensis, and S. wheeleri are described for the first time; two species, S. bolivianus and 5. wheeleri, are revalidated; and six new synonyms are proposed: S, hageni (previously treated as a synonym of S. dims) and 5. lighti are junior synonyms of 5. granéis; and S. solidus, S. chaquimayensis parvinasus, 5. emersoni, and 5. robustus are junior synonyms of S. spinosus. A phylogenetic analysis of the species of Syntermes was based on 45 characters indicates that most characters of this genus that have been considered primitive are actually derived. Based on the cladistic analysis of the mandibulate Nasutitermitinae, Cahuallitermes, new genus, is described with two species from tropical North America, C. aduncus, new species, from southern Mexico and C intermedins, new combination, from Belize and Honduras