948,945 research outputs found
Neem oil nanoemulsions: characterisation and antioxidant activity
The aim of the present work is to develop nanoemulsions (NEs), nanosized emulsions, manufactured for
improving the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In particular, nanoemulsions composed of
Neem seed oil, contain rich bioactive components, and Tween 20 as nonionic surfactant were prepared.
A mean droplet size ranging from 10 to 100nm was obtained by modulating the oil/surfactant ratio.
Physicochemical characterisation was carried out evaluating size, f-potential, microviscosity, polarity and
turbidity of the external shell and morphology, along with stability in simulated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs, HEp-2 cell interaction and cytotoxicity studies. This study confirms
the formation of NEs by Tween 20 and Neem oil at different weight ratios with small and homogenous
dimensions. The antioxidant activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs was comparable, whereas its cytotoxicity
was strongly reduced when loaded in NEs after interaction with HEp-2 cells
Dynamics of a linear beam with an attached local nonlinear energy sink
We provide numerical evidence of passive and broadband targeted energy transfer from a linear flexible beam under shock excitation to a local essentially nonlinear lightweight attachment that acts, in essence, as nonlinear energy sink—NES. It is shown that the NES absorbs shock energy in a one-way, irreversible fashion and dissipates this energy locally, without 'spreading' it back to the linear beam. Moreover, we show numerically that an appropriately designed and placed NES can passively absorb and locally dissipate a major portion of the shock energy of the beam, up to an optimal value of 87%. The implementation of the NES concept to the shock isolation of practical engineering structures and to other applications is discussed
On what we experience when we hear people speak
According to perceptualism, fluent comprehension of speech is a perceptual achievement, in as much as it is akin to such high-level perceptual states as the perception of objects as cups or trees, or of people as happy or sad. According to liberalism, grasp of meaning is partially constitutive of the phenomenology of fluent comprehension. I here defend an influential line of argument for liberal perceptualism, resting on phenomenal contrasts in our comprehension of speech, due to Susanna Siegel and Tim Bayne, against objections from Casey O'Callaghan and Indrek Reiland. I concentrate on the contrast between the putative immediacy of meaning-assignment in fluent comprehension, as compared with other, less ordinary, perhaps translation-based ways of getting at the meaning of speech. I argue this putative immediacy is difficult to capture on a non-perceptual view (whether liberal or non-liberal), and that the immediacy in question has much in common with that which applies in other, less controversial cases of high-level perception
Stability of Mixed-Strategy-Based Iterative Logit Quantal Response Dynamics in Game Theory
Using the Logit quantal response form as the response function in each step,
the original definition of static quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is
extended into an iterative evolution process. QREs remain as the fixed points
of the dynamic process. However, depending on whether such fixed points are the
long-term solutions of the dynamic process, they can be classified into stable
(SQREs) and unstable (USQREs) equilibriums. This extension resembles the
extension from static Nash equilibriums (NEs) to evolutionary stable solutions
in the framework of evolutionary game theory. The relation between SQREs and
other solution concepts of games, including NEs and QREs, is discussed. Using
experimental data from other published papers, we perform a preliminary
comparison between SQREs, NEs, QREs and the observed behavioral outcomes of
those experiments. For certain games, we determine that SQREs have better
predictive power than QREs and NEs
Acquaintance, Conceptual Capacities, and Attention
Russell’s theory of acquaintance construes perceptual awareness as at once constitutively independent of conceptual thought and yet a source of propositional knowledge. Wilfrid Sellars, John McDowell, and other conceptualists object that this is a ‘myth’: perception can be a source of knowledge only if conceptual capacities are already in play therein. Proponents of a relational view of experience, including John Campbell, meanwhile voice sympathy for Russell’s position on this point. This paper seeks to spell out, and defend, a claim that offers the prospects for an attractive, unacknowledged element of common ground in this debate. The claim is that conceptual capacities, at least in a certain minimal sense implicit in McDowell’s recent work, must be operative in perceptual experience, if it is to rationalize judgement. The claim will be supported on the basis of two premises, each of which can be defended drawing, inter alia, on considerations stressed by Campbell. First, that experience rationalizes judgement only if it is attentive. Second, that attention qualifies as a conceptual capacity, in the noted, minimal sense. The conjunction of the two premises might be dubbed ‘attentional conceptualism’
Poster Abstract: Modeling an Electronically Switchable Directional Antenna for Low-power Wireless Networks
WISENET (NES
Gamma Radiation by Neutralino Stars
A new model of gamma radiation (GR) generated by neutralino annihilation in
neutralino stars (NeS) is proposed. Diffuse Galactic and extragalactic GR is
calculated for this model and is shown to be in a reasonable agreement with
observations.
The point source component (P) is picked out among nonidentified discrete
gamma sources from EGRET catalog. This component is shown to be distributed
isotropically and homogeneously, as it should be for NeS. Gamma radiation from
significant part of P-sources is supposed to be the direct radiation from
individual NeS. This supposition is shown to be in agreement with observations.
The comparison of the theory with observed GR gives a possibility to establish
some important features of CDM particle.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe
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